Russia is a big country with oil and gas resources, and its crude oil and natural gas output ranks among the top in the world. Oil and natural gas can fully meet their own needs and be exported to other countries. Russian natural gas exploration reserves account for about 35% of the world's reserve balance. In the world oil and gas exploitation, natural gas accounts for 30%, and oil accounts for 1 1%. Russia's oil and gas production has exceeded 80% of the total exploitation of the former Soviet Union. There are three main oil and gas producing areas in the Russian Federation: Western Siberia, Volga-Uralsk and Ji Man-becher. At present, there are about 240 oil and gas exploration enterprises in Russia, including Rosneft, Gazprom, Lukoil, Novatec, Bashkir, Surgut, Tyumen, Tatar, Slavic and Luce.

Russia's oil and gas prospect area is about 1290× 104km2, of which 560× 104km2 is in the marginal and continental shelf areas. Russian oil and gas resources are distributed in oil and gas-bearing areas with unique geological characteristics, abundant resources and high degree of exploitation.

Russia has discovered 2240 oil and gas fields, including oil fields 1, 5 12, 373 oil and gas fields and 355 condensate gas fields. In addition, about 80 oil fields have been developed. Oil and gas fields are distributed in ancient platforms (Eastern Europe, Siberia), young platforms (Western Siberia, Skiff-Turan), intermountain basins and marginal depressions. Industrial oil gas flow can be seen in all sedimentary layers from Rifian to Neogene. Most oil and gas reserves are distributed in several long-distance regional oil and gas-bearing strata. In the ancient platform, the oil-bearing strata are mainly distributed in Rifei, Wende, Cambrian (Siberian platform), Devonian and Carboniferous strata (Eastern Europe platform). In the young platform area (Skiff-Turan, Western Siberia), the main oil-bearing strata are divided into Jurassic and Cretaceous strata. In the post-geosyncline area (Sakhalin Island, Far East intermountain basin), Cenozoic strata are dominated by oil and gas.