(1) labor reproduction. Including simple reproduction and expanded reproduction of labor force.
(2) the supply and demand of labor. Including the population base of labor resources, labor structure, short-term and long-term balance of labor supply and demand.
③ Employment. Including the macroeconomic and social objectives of employment, the relationship between employment and labor productivity, the relationship between employment and wages, unemployment and its types, pre-employment training and post-employment training.
④ Macro-management of labor force. Including the rational flow of labor, labor market and its management, labor management system.
⑤ Micro-management of labor force. Including division of labor and cooperation, labor organization and staffing, labor quota and labor measurement, labor environment and human protection.
⑥ salary. Including factors affecting wages, wage functions, wage forms, wage levels, monetary wages and actual wages, minimum wages and maximum wages, and wage differences.
⑦ Economic problems in labor insurance. Including economic problems in social insurance such as illness, work injury and old-age retirement.
⑧ Labor efficiency. Including the factors affecting labor efficiency, ways to improve labor efficiency, micro-labor efficiency and macro-labor efficiency and their relationship.
However, some scholars believe that because labor economics is a specific economic science based on political economics, we should study the part directly related to labor in production relations, that is, labor relations in production relations. This labor relationship includes the combination of labor and means of production, division of labor and cooperation, and the distribution of personal consumer goods to workers.
fruit
The first research result comes from a series of papers published by Becker, Lancaster and Mousse in 1960s. In particular, Becker's "time resource allocation theory" clearly recognizes that the family is the basic unit in the decision-making of labor supply behavior. He decomposed the related decision-making problems into two aspects, on the one hand, the decision of labor participation rate and working hours, on the other hand, the decision of household output and consumption. Becker summed up the three decisions of production, consumption and labor supply into a family model, which clearly explained how a family, under the control of utility maximization behavior, decided the time arrangement ratio of its members to engage in market-oriented activities and non-market-oriented activities, the combination of self-produced goods and purchased goods, and the division of work of different family members. Becker model is very influential in the study of labor supply, which has provided strong support for many theoretical explorations and empirical studies of labor supply since the 1960s. Becker's theoretical framework enables economic analysts to effectively apply it to the study of family behavior, such as the appropriate size of family members in marriage and divorce. A. Cigano discusses and expands the theoretical framework of Becker model from many aspects, and discusses the enlightenment and significance of this theoretical model on many issues such as time allocation and gender division of labor in multi-population families.
The second research achievement is human capital theory, which mainly studies the quality of labor force and other issues. It is true that the theory of human capital can be traced back to a long distance in the long river of economic history (Smith, 1776). However, it is the research of Miensen (1958) and Becker (1964) that makes the theory of human capital fully operational, and their research results are the best in this kind of literature after the Second World War. Human capital theory regards education and training as personal investment, which is of great guiding significance for solving many problems related to salary structure in the field of labor economics. [ 1]
way
There are two main research methods of labor economics, namely, empirical research method and normative research method.
1. The empirical research method is: the method of understanding objective phenomena and providing people with real, useful, definite and accurate knowledge, with the focus on the question of what the phenomenon itself is.
2. The normative research method is to explain the economic phenomenon and what its operation should be based on a certain value judgment.
Due to various obstacles in the process of economic operation, the standardized research methods can not achieve reciprocal exchange. The main obstacles are: information obstacles, institutional obstacles and market defects. [ 1]
Academic definition
Definition introduction
It is an economic discipline that studies the economic benefits of labor as a factor of production and related social and economic problems. Its core is how to get the maximum economic benefits, including micro-economic benefits and macro-economic benefits, with the least cost of living labor input. [ 1]
Formation and development
With the emergence and development of capitalist mode of production, labor relations have extended to all fields of social life. Related labor issues (including wages, unemployment, working hours, working conditions, industrial accidents and occupational diseases, women and child labor, labor negotiations, strikes, etc.). ) increasingly prominent, the workers' movement continues to develop. This is the social background of labor economics.
/kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, the term labor policy began to appear in economic works. Since then, many capitalist countries have regarded labor policy as an important part of social and economic policies, trying to ease the contradiction between labor and capital through certain labor policies in order to maintain economic development and the stability of capitalist society. Labor policies usually include: wage standard and minimum wage system, working hours, social insurance and social relief, social employment guidance, vocational and technical education, supervision of working conditions, labor dispute mediation, factory law, trade union law, strike law, labor relations law and so on. Under the condition of socialism, the research contents of China's labor economics are mainly:
(1) labor reproduction. Including simple reproduction and expanded reproduction of labor force.
(2) the supply and demand of labor. Including the population base of labor resources, labor structure, short-term and long-term balance of labor supply and demand.
③ Employment. Including the macroeconomic and social objectives of employment, the relationship between employment and labor productivity, the relationship between employment and wages, unemployment and its types, pre-employment training and post-employment training.
④ Macro-management of labor force. Including the rational flow of labor, labor market and its management, labor management system.
⑤ Micro-management of labor force. Including division of labor and cooperation, labor organization and staffing, labor quota and labor measurement, labor environment and human protection.
⑥ salary. Including factors affecting wages, wage functions, wage forms, wage levels, monetary wages and actual wages, minimum wages and maximum wages, and wage differences.
⑦ Economic problems in labor insurance. Including economic problems in social insurance such as illness, work injury and old-age retirement.
⑧ Labor efficiency. Including the factors affecting labor efficiency, ways to improve labor efficiency, micro-labor efficiency and macro-labor efficiency and their relationship.
However, some scholars believe that because labor economics is a specific economic science based on political economics, we should study the part directly related to labor in production relations, that is, labor relations in production relations. This labor relationship includes the combination of labor and means of production, division of labor and cooperation, and the distribution of personal consumer goods to workers.
fruit
The first research result comes from a series of papers published by Becker, Lancaster and Mousse in 1960s. In particular, Becker's "time resource allocation theory" clearly recognizes that the family is the basic unit in the decision-making of labor supply behavior. He decomposed the related decision-making problems into two aspects, on the one hand, the decision of labor participation rate and working hours, on the other hand, the decision of household output and consumption. Becker summed up the three decisions of production, consumption and labor supply into a family model, which clearly explained how a family, under the control of utility maximization behavior, decided the time arrangement ratio of its members to engage in market-oriented activities and non-market-oriented activities, the combination of self-produced goods and purchased goods, and the division of work of different family members. Becker model is very influential in the study of labor supply, which has provided strong support for many theoretical explorations and empirical studies of labor supply since the 1960s. Becker's theoretical framework enables economic analysts to effectively apply it to the study of family behavior, such as the appropriate size of family members in marriage and divorce. A. Cigano discusses and expands the theoretical framework of Becker model from many aspects, and discusses the enlightenment and significance of this theoretical model on many issues such as time allocation and gender division of labor in multi-population families.
The second research achievement is human capital theory, which mainly studies the quality of labor force and other issues. It is true that the theory of human capital can be traced back to a long distance in the long river of economic history (Smith, 1776). However, it is the research of Miensen (1958) and Becker (1964) that makes the theory of human capital fully operational, and their research results are the best in this kind of literature after the Second World War. Human capital theory regards education and training as personal investment, which is of great guiding significance for solving many problems related to salary structure in the field of labor economics. [ 1]
way
There are two main research methods of labor economics, namely, empirical research method and normative research method.
1. The empirical research method is: the method of understanding objective phenomena and providing people with real, useful, definite and accurate knowledge, with the focus on the question of what the phenomenon itself is.
2. The normative research method is to explain the economic phenomenon and what its operation should be based on a certain value judgment.
Due to various obstacles in the process of economic operation, the standardized research methods can not achieve reciprocal exchange. The main obstacles are: information obstacles, institutional obstacles and market defects. [ 1]
Academic definition
Definition introduction
It is an economic discipline that studies the economic benefits of labor as a factor of production and related social and economic problems. Its core is how to get the maximum economic benefits, including micro-economic benefits and macro-economic benefits, with the least cost of living labor input. [ 1]
Formation and development
With the emergence and development of capitalist mode of production, labor relations have extended to all fields of social life. Related labor issues (including wages, unemployment, working hours, working conditions, industrial accidents and occupational diseases, women and child labor, labor negotiations, strikes, etc.). ) increasingly prominent, the workers' movement continues to develop. This is the social background of labor economics.
/kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, the term labor policy began to appear in economic works. Since then, many capitalist countries have regarded labor policy as an important part of social and economic policies, trying to ease the contradiction between labor and capital through certain labor policies in order to maintain economic development and the stability of capitalist society. Labor policies usually include: wage standard and minimum wage system, working hours, social insurance and social relief, social employment guidance, vocational and technical education, supervision of working conditions, labor dispute mediation, factory law, trade union law, strike law, labor relations law and so on.