1, loach pond condition. The loach should be raised alone, and the pond should be built near the sun, water and home, which is convenient for management. The pool area is about 100 square meter, and the pool depth is 80 cm. The soil of the pond wall should be compacted, and it can be polished with cement or surrounded with thick plastic film if possible. The entrance and exit are blocked with barbed wire to prevent the loach from escaping. There should be a spillway beside the pool to prevent the pool water from rising over the plane and escaping from the loach mouth during the rainstorm. Because the loach has the habit of going upstream, the mouth around the loach pond is higher than the ground outside the pond, so don't let the surface water flow directly into the pond. There should be pits with an area of 4 square meters and a depth of 50 cm at the bottom of the pool as fish slides (1 under the drain, and 3-4 are evenly distributed in the pool) to facilitate the loach to escape the heat when the water temperature is too high. The pool is paved with fertile river mud or clay rich in organic matter, and the thickness is about 15 cm. The depth of pool water is 30 cm in spring and autumn and 40 cm in summer.
Some aquatic plants should be planted in the pond to facilitate the life of loach (such as interplanting with cymbals can also increase income). When there are too many weeds in the pool in summer, they should be removed. You can also stock some algae or duckweed in the pool to supplement the plant feed of loach.
2. Cultivate mud and water. 20-30 days before the loach is released, it should be disinfected with 3kg lime per 100 square meter, and then fully applied with base fertilizer, and 30kg dry chicken manure per 100 square meter, and evenly spread in the pond, or a large amount of pig, cow and sheep manure will be concentrated in the fish tank for fermentation and rot. Fertilize appropriately according to the water quality in the future. The transparency of water should be 20 cm, and the silt at the bottom of the pool can't be seen in the water layer.
3. Stocking specifications. Loach with a height of more than 3 cm is selected as the fry, and it is stocked every 100 square meter 15-30 kg. If the young loach bought in the market is used as the fry, it is appropriate to stock 25-35 kg per 100 square meter. If there is running water or the feeding management level is high, you can put more seedlings appropriately.
4. hello. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is an omnivorous fish. In addition to fertilization, we should also feed certain plant feed and animal feed. Usually, we should feed bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, bean cake and other concentrate regularly and quantitatively. The food intake of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is related to the water temperature, and below 20℃, it should be mainly plant feed (about 70%-80%); At the temperature of 20-25℃, animal and plant feed should be half; At 25-30℃, animal feed should account for 60%-70%. Animal food can be fed to maggots, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, snails and leftovers from slaughterhouses. The feeding amount is generally 8% of the total weight of loach every day, and it can be increased to 12%- 15% when the water temperature is high. Feeding time can be once in the afternoon, or twice in the morning and evening, without eating or eating leftovers in the morning. Pay attention to the proportion of high-protein feed in late summer and early autumn to promote the rapid growth and fattening of loach.
5. Daily management. Change water frequently to maintain good water quality; Check the dam frequently, plug the leak, keep the water level, and prevent the loach from escaping; Often use organic fertilizer to keep the water fresh and fat; Against ducks, eels, snakes, etc. Injure loach from entering the pool; In summer, a shed is built on the fish slide to shade the sun, and in winter, shallow water or drainage is used for winter.
6. Capture in time. When catching, you can use bamboo cages to trap, or you can drain the pool and dig mud to catch. When fishing, we should pay attention to catching the big ones and keeping the small ones, and preserve the bred loach varieties to facilitate the breeding in the coming year. Loach is generally stocked 150- 180 days. Through intensive feeding, its weight can be increased to 8- 10 times that of loach, and the economic benefit is very considerable.
Method 2:
When there is water and it is not suitable to build a pond, loach can be cultured in wooden boxes. The specific method is:
1. Manufacture of wooden box: the specification of wooden box is 1× 1× 1.5m, and the capacity is 1.5m3 .. One side or both sides are provided with water inlet and water outlet with a diameter of 3-4 cm, and a metal mesh with a mesh of 2 mm is installed. The bottom of the box is filled with human excrement and soil is extracted (one layer of straw and one layer of soil), and the top layer is soil. The water depth in the box is kept at about 30-50 cm. The wooden box is placed in a sunny place, so that water can flow in from one hole and be discharged from the other. Several boxes can also be connected together to form a combined box.
Stocking density: each box can hold 1- 1.5 kg loach species with a body length of more than 3 cm.
Third, feeding management: Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is an omnivorous fish, which is cultured in wooden boxes with running water, and the food is mainly artificially fed. Baits include fish meal, animal viscera, pig blood powder, silkworm chrysalis powder and other animal bait, as well as plant bait such as rice bran, bean cake, wheat bran, soy sauce residue and rapeseed cake. The compound bait consists of 50% wheat flour, 20% bean cake powder, 10% rice bran powder, 10% fish meal or silkworm pupa powder, 7% blood meal and 3% yeast powder, and is kneaded into soft dough by adding water. The feeding amount is 1%-2% of the weight of the loach in the box. The proportion and feeding amount of animal and plant bait should be adjusted according to the season and temperature. When the water temperature is below 20℃, the plant bait should account for 60%-70% of the total, and when the water temperature is 28℃-23℃, the plant bait should account for 30%-40%. Feed twice a day, accounting for 70% of the whole day's feeding at 7-8 am and 30% at 1-2 pm. When the water temperature is 15℃, the loach begins to eat, and the food intake will gradually increase with the increase of temperature. When the water temperature is higher than 30℃ or lower than 10℃, it should be used less or stopped.
Prevention and treatment of loach disease: In order to prevent the occurrence of loach disease, the box should be disinfected regularly with quicklime and bleaching powder. Once enteritis is found, 20 grams of furazolidone can be put into 10 kg bait and fed twice a day for 3-5 days. If red fin disease is found, you should immediately take a bath with 0.2/ 10000 furazolidone for 24 hours. Or 0.04% (the proportion of medicine to fish weight) is mixed with bait and fed for 3 days. If parasitic diseases are found, 0.7ppm copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5: 2) can be sprayed everywhere in the box to prevent rotifer and tongue cup disease.
5. Precautions: When it rains, it is necessary to prevent the tank water from overflowing, causing the loach to escape, and also to prevent the water polluted by pesticides and fertilizers from entering the tank.
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Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a small benthic economic fish, which is sexually mature in the second year and begins to lay eggs. Mature female loach has a round abdomen and smooth pectoral fins, and the individual is larger than that of male loach. The breeding period of loach is generally from April to August, from late May to late June, and the water temperature is about 25℃, which is the peak of spawning. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus lays eggs in batches. As a parent fish for breeding, it is necessary to choose fish with normal body color, strong physique and no disease or injury. It is best for females to choose individuals with body length 15 cm or more, weight over 30 grams and swollen abdomen, and males can be slightly smaller. The big female loach lays more eggs, and the male loach has more semen, so the propagated fry is of good quality and grows fast.
The natural breeding method of loach is very simple. After spring, trim the fish pond, disinfect it with quicklime, and then inject new water. After the medicinal properties of the pond water disappear, put the parent fish into the pond according to the male-female ratio of 1:2, and put about 300 grams per square meter. When the temperature of the pool water rises to about 20℃, fish nests made of brown chips, willow roots or aquatic plants should be placed in the pool. After the fish nest is placed, the silt deposits on the fish nest should be checked and cleaned frequently, so as not to affect the adhesion effect of loach eggs when laying eggs. Misgurnus likes to lay eggs in rainy days or when the water temperature rises suddenly. Oviposition usually starts in the early morning and ends at about 10 am, and the oviposition process takes 20~30 minutes. When spawning, parent fish chase fiercely. At the peak, the male loach winds around the front abdomen of the female loach, completing the process of spawning and fertilization. After spawning, fish nests with eggs should be taken out in time and hatched in another pool. Prevent parent fish from swallowing eggs. At the same time, new fish nests are added to allow parent fish that have not laid eggs to continue to lay eggs. The spawning pond should be protected from snakes, frogs, rats and other hazards.
The artificial propagation method of loach is the same as that of domestic fish. The type and dosage of oxytocin used for each female loach are: carp pituitary 0.5~ 1, frog pituitary 2~3, chorionic gonadotropin 100~ 150 international unit, or the analogue (LRH-A) 5 ~ 65438. The dosage of male loach is halved. The injection amount of solvent was 0. 1 ~ 1.2ml, and it was injected with a syringe of 1ml and a No.4 needle. The injection site is between the ventral line, pectoral fin and ventral fin, and it can also be injected into the dorsal muscle. Because loach likes to drill, it can be wrapped with wet gauze when injecting (exposing the injection site). After injection, it is put into the spawning pond, and then the work is the same as natural reproduction. When the water temperature is 20℃~25℃, 10~ 15 hours later, you can estrus and lay eggs.
If artificial insemination is used, male loach and female loach injected with oxytocin can be temporarily raised in ponds or cages respectively. When the water temperature is 18℃~25℃, after/kloc-0 ~15 hours, female loach can be artificially inseminated by dry method. The operation methods and precautions are the same as those of domestic fish. Eggs go to the nest immediately after artificial insemination. The method is: take a bucket of clean water, put the fish nest flat on the bottom of the bucket, then one person gently shakes the fish nest while stirring the water body, and the other person slowly pours the eggs into the bucket to make the eggs nest evenly. After nesting, transfer to an incubator for incubation.
The fertilized eggs of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus can hatch normally in the water temperature range of 20℃~30℃, and the fry can usually hatch in about 2 days. The best hatching effect is to use still water in a small container and change the water frequently (twice a day), and it is appropriate to hatch 400~600 capsules per liter of water. Avoid electric shock when hatching. When hatching, 0. 1ppm malachite green solution can be used for disinfection to prevent parasitic water mold.
The newly hatched loach seedlings can't move freely, because their heads are attached to fish nests or other objects and feed on egg yolks. Generally, fry hatched in ponds should be cultured in original ponds, with the water depth of 20~30 cm and the density of 500~ 1500 per square meter. If the density is too high, some fry should be taken out and cultivated in another pond.
Loach seedlings began to feed after 3 days of incubation. At this time, the cooked and ground egg yolk or fish meal suspension should be fed several times a day, and the feeding amount should be limited to 1 hour. After 2~3 days, it is replaced by Daphnia, rotifer, broken silkworm or silkworm chrysalis. After about 10 days of cultivation, when the fry grow to 1 cm, they can be transferred to the fish pond for feeding; If the density is low, it can be raised in a pond. In about a month, when the fry grow to 3 cm, they can be transferred to fish ponds, or directly put into rice fields, ponds or pits for adult fish culture.
The area of the fish pond should be 30~50 square meters. Before sowing, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected, and basic fertilizer should be applied to cultivate bait organisms. The sowing amount is about 30 grams per square meter (800~ 1000). Within half a month after the fingerlings enter the pond, powder compound feed is fed twice a day, and the dosage is 3%~5% of the fingerlings' weight. In summer, the shallow water temperature in fish ponds is high, so we should always pay attention to the change of water quality and change the water frequently. When the fish grows to about 10 cm, it enters the feeding stage of adult fish.