If it is confirmed that the reported person has one of the following acts in scientific research and related activities, it should be considered as academic misconduct: ① plagiarism and plagiarism of other people's academic achievements; (2) tampering with other people's research results; (3) forging scientific research data, materials, documents and notes, or fabricating facts or false research results; (4) signing the research results and academic papers without others' permission, or many people * * * completed the research without indicating other people's work in the results; (5) providing false academic information in the process of reporting topics, achievements, awards and job evaluation; (5) publishing papers with compensation, buying and selling papers, writing papers for others or writing papers for others; and (5) other acts that seriously violate recognized academic norms and academic integrity are academic misconduct according to the rules formulated by relevant academic organizations or institutions of higher learning.