1. Confucius (The Analects of Confucius) Title1-"hundred schools of thought" Composition Title and Materials-(Perfect) Confucius attached great importance to the content and form of music and praised the perfect artistic form of ancient music and dance Shao and Jiu Bian. The Analects of Confucius: "I smell Shao in Qi, but I don't know the taste of meat in March." Confucius commented that Shao was perfect. On the other hand, he highly praised the artistic expression of Da Wu, a music dance in the Zhou Dynasty, but criticized the content of its performance of Zhou Wugong's military exploits against merchants: "Da Wu is not perfect." Topic 2-Confucius said, "Unjust, letting wealth and fame drift by like clouds." In Confucius' mind, righteousness is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But his peace and happiness can't be regarded as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't ask, just do as I say. Topic 3- (? Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful? When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I didn't know that my old age was coming. "At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not win the trust of the princes, but he almost died. However, Confucius was not discouraged, but remained optimistic, insisting on the ideal of self-denial, even knowing that he could not do it. Topic 4-? Confucius went to the state of Chen and lived in Zhenzi's house in Sicheng for three years. When Chu heard that Confucius was between Chen and Cai, he asked people to hire Confucius and prepare to seal 700 miles of this civil society with household registration to Confucius. Confucius paid a return visit, and the immigrants from Chen Di to Emperor Cai were surrounded, unable to travel and cut off food. The follower's disciple was tired and hungry and couldn't stand up. But Confucius still "talks and sings string songs endlessly" (teaching and reciting, playing and singing endlessly, teaching poetry, books, rituals and music endlessly). Lutz was very angry and came to see Confucius and said, "Is a gentleman poor? Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor." . "Warn a gentleman that no matter what happens in any difficult period, he should keep his integrity and morality. Topic 5-(Integrity) Material Handling: Integrity is the way to govern the country. The ancients believed that in order to govern the country and master the political power, we must gain the trust and support of the people, or we will bring about our own destruction. Confucius said: "People cannot stand without faith. "It means that if people don't trust * * *, * * can't stand it. Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, asked Confucius, "Enough food, enough soldiers and people's trust are three things you can get rid of. Which one are you going to vote out first? "Confucius said, you have to get rid of armaments first. Zi Gong asked, if one of the two items should be removed, which one should be removed? Confucius said to get rid of food. Because there is no food, there is only death at most. Since ancient times, people are bound to die. People have no confidence in * * * and * * can't stand up. (Excerpted from "On Honesty and Trustworthiness") Topic 6-(Seeking) Material Processing: Coming from the village with blue tiles and yellow walls, the reverberation is around the beam, and the unknown river twists and turns in the dusk, filled with the dense fog in the wheat field. I heard that there is a "dead man like a husband" on the bank of Surabaya. My ancestor Zheng burned a book pit and Confucianism before his death. Now, his descendants, like me, have come all the way to worship Confucius. When you come to Shandong to worship Confucius, of course, you have to climb Mount Tai. I just pray that God will give me artistic imagination and strength. Jining's friend said: Ha, you finally came! I'm here, disciple of Confucius, three thousand. Did I count to 300 1? I didn't bring a pile of dried meat to the teacher. In those days, Su Wu would sing "Follow the ladle, and then you will be behind in a blink of an eye". All I brought was a head, knocking on Confucius' grave. (Excerpted from "On Honesty and Trustworthiness") Second, when Confucius' composition materials approached Confucius (Travel Notes) and left the Confucius Temple, a sentence from the philosopher Nietzsche suddenly popped up in my mind: "My time has not yet arrived, and some people will be born after death." Nietzsche was crazy and confident. Confucius, as an oriental, did not have such grandiloquence, but history has proved that he is fully qualified to say so. At the Confucius Temple, I was completely shocked by its grand scale. It's really hard to imagine After more than 2,000 years of construction, the Confucius Temple has developed from three old houses into a magnificent ancient architectural complex, covering an area of 327.5 mu, with a length of1120m from north to south. The ancient trees in the temple are towering, and the hall is carved with beams and painted with buildings, resplendent and magnificent, which is almost as imposing as the Forbidden City in Beijing and chengde mountain resort in Hebei. Confucius jumped from an ordinary person to a generation of great masters admired by thousands of people. It was unprecedented and never came again. During my several-hour trip to the Confucius Temple, what impressed me most was the Ming Tombs. There are 53 monuments in Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China, which is a true record of respecting Confucius in all previous dynasties and being deified step by step. Standing in front of the monument, you can imagine how many men and women the ancient emperors used hundreds of years ago to carry the monument weighing dozens of tons and solemnly came here to pay homage. In fact, the emperors' attitude towards Confucius is not so much reverence as utilization. Because of Confucius' special position in China's political history, ideological history and cultural history, Confucius has become a signboard that everyone grabs. Feudal rulers used Confucius' thoughts to maintain their feudal rule. They tried their best to idolize Confucius and kept stuffing some private goods into it, pretending that it was Confucius' primitive Confucianism. Setting up a monument is just a trick he played to consolidate his rule. But in any case, it is absolutely a miracle that Confucius has such a far-reaching influence in the history of China. Confucius is incomparable. With admiration for Confucius, walking on the broad stone road, my eyes suddenly lit up and a magnificent hall came into view. The golden character "Dacheng Hall" is vigorous and powerful. The scarlet gate, crimson walls and yellow glazed tiles show the grandeur of Dacheng Hall against the blue sky and white clouds. Particularly conspicuous are ten white dragon pillars in front of the temple and ten pre-Qin philosophers: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, dharma, fame, ink, vertical and horizontal, and agricultural miscellaneous. There are three stages in the development of pre-Qin prose by Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Han Feizi and Mozi: at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Analects of Confucius and Mozi are the main quotations; Mid-Warring States Period: The quotations of Mencius and Zhuangzi developed into monographs; The end of the Warring States Period: the first stage of Xunzi and Han Feizi's monographs: recorded by Confucius' disciples. This language is close to spoken language (dialogue between teachers and students) without much modification. Mozi: This book was also written by Mozi's disciples. The article is simple, not so literary, but very logical, which is a great progress in reasoning. The second stage: The bibliography of Mencius Zhuangzi developed into a monograph: actually, it is still bibliography. A large number of dialogues were used, and the two sides argued endlessly, which greatly promoted the development of prose to literary style. Zhuangzi: Some chapters still contain refutation, but some chapters contain refutation, argument and answer, which positively clarify their own views. China's paper was really established when it began to evolve into a monograph. The third stage: Xunzi, Xunzi's monograph and Everything is Wrong: How Long? Han Feizi is rich in vocabulary. Its prose is characterized by sharp edges, incisive arguments, nuanced reasoning and to the point 1. It got rid of the citation system and became a monograph. 2. It is not a collective note of a school, but a personal collection of scholars. 3. Not based on refuting the paper, but on active discussion. There are also many schools of thought and many studies on ideological linguistics.