In the field of iron and steel product circulation, modern logistics refers to the physical activities of all material materials, including means of production and means of subsistence, from suppliers to demanders. It is a process of planning, implementing and controlling the effective flow and storage of raw materials, intermediate stocks, final products and related information from the place of origin to the place of consumption in order to meet the needs of consumers. Modern logistics emphasizes the effective flow and storage of this process and the role of information and management in logistics.
Logistics Status of Iron and Steel Industry in China
Compared with developed countries such as Europe and America, China's logistics industry is still in a relatively backward state in the field of steel circulation, mainly due to the following five shortcomings:
The logistics industry started late.
In their own way, the nationwide logistics system has not yet been established.
Basic facilities and other hardware conditions are poor.
Management concepts and methods are not advanced.
The understanding and theoretical research of modern logistics needs to be improved.
While seeing the shortcomings of the logistics industry in China's steel circulation field, we should also see the progress and achievements made by all parties through unremitting efforts. At present, China's steel industry and modern logistics in the field of steel circulation are basically in a virtuous cycle of vigorous development.
Large-scale iron and steel enterprises have set up logistics companies one after another, making use of their rich human and material resources to build a well-known logistics enterprise brand in the field of steel circulation in China. Since 1982, Angang has designed and implemented a number of logistics solutions for large-scale technological transformation projects, with the total value of transporting and managing import and export materials reaching more than 30 billion RMB, and accumulated rich modern logistics experience. The development of logistics industry in Angang is based on its four advantages: first, the rates of many ports are the lowest among similar enterprises; Second, it has established good cooperative relations with many shipping companies and airlines; Third, it has good cooperation with customs and commodity inspection departments and strong customs clearance ability; Fourth, having a good brand and reputation is the biggest capital for Angang to develop its logistics industry. At present, many enterprises in Liaoning Province have expressed their strong desire to cooperate with Angang logistics enterprises, among which three enterprises have carried out business through Angang Guo Mao International Freight Co., Ltd.
Small and medium-sized steel enterprises do not want to lose the favorable opportunity to develop modern logistics, and hope to shorten the distance with large steel enterprises through the strong promotion of modern logistics. According to the current situation of enterprise logistics, Laigang has made great efforts in logistics optimization and integration to reduce logistics costs and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises. To this end, Laigang has set up a "Modern Logistics Management Department" to be responsible for the optimization and integration of Laigang's logistics; Hire logistics experts to diagnose Laigang's logistics, formulate logistics optimization and integration plans, and guide enterprises to carry out modern logistics management innovation; Establish a digital model of logistics optimization and integration, systematically optimize the whole process of raw fuel procurement, semi-finished products transfer and product sales to users, optimize the production costs of enterprises in a wider range, and realize the overall innovation of logistics management in Laigang.
Online bidding and purchasing is a substantial step towards modern logistics in the field of steel products and steel circulation. "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System" has developed very strongly since it was officially launched in the domestic metallurgical industry from 200 1 to 1. The system can provide a bidding and purchasing platform for online bidding, encrypted bidding, bid cutting and online decryption, using user IC card system and advanced composite digital encryption technology. Now through the "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System", the online purchase amount has reached 450 million yuan. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, Beijing Shougang Xingang Co., Ltd. published 48 tenders in 9 categories on the Internet through the "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System", with more than 200 procurement specifications and a value of 82.58 million yuan. After that, 76 suppliers held online bid opening, implemented procurement and participated in online bidding. Now, more and more suppliers take the online bidding and purchasing of iron and steel enterprises as an opportunity to actively participate in the online supply ranks and enter this big online market.
Compared with foreign companies, the gap is obvious.
After all, in China, the development of steel system logistics industry has just started. Generally speaking, it can not meet the needs of steel production and steel trade development. Compared with foreign logistics enterprises, there is still a big gap in scale, efficiency, logistics technology and management level, and there are many problems to be solved urgently, mainly in the following eight aspects:
The logistics of iron and steel industry lacks overall planning, all links are not straightened out, the logistics layout is unreasonable, the logistics cost is high, the logistics model is single, and the logistics market is disorderly, which leads to poor overall efficiency of the logistics industry.
The degree of specialization is not high, the development of commercial format is unbalanced, the phenomenon of "big and complete" and "small and complete" of enterprises is more common, the degree of specialization is low, the modernization level of logistics transportation and warehousing is low, and the construction of logistics centers and distribution centers can not meet the requirements of modern logistics in scale and development speed.
The logistics system is inefficient and the logistics cost remains high, mainly in three aspects: transportation time, storage time and infrastructure labor productivity.
Logistics infrastructure is not matched, the level of logistics technology and equipment is low, and the construction scale and development speed of logistics center and distribution center can not meet the requirements of modern logistics. Most of China's iron and steel enterprises are the products of planned economy, and the traditional management mode of compartmentalization and multi-head management is deeply rooted, which leads to the lack of necessary coordination in the planning and construction of various logistics infrastructure, thus the compatibility and compatibility are poor, resulting in weak system functions.
The overall technical level of logistics system is low and the equipment is backward. In terms of storage facilities, 70% of warehouses owned by third-party logistics enterprises are ordinary bungalows, and the proportion of modern three-dimensional automatic storage facilities is low, and there are even fewer warehouses with refrigeration, preservation and modified atmosphere. In the use of handling tools, manual trucks, hand-propelled forklifts and ordinary lifting equipment account for more than 70%, while modern handling tools such as video forklifts are rarely used. Among the transport vehicles owned by third-party logistics enterprises, ordinary vehicles account for more than 70%, while modern box containers, container tractors and special transport vehicles are rare.
There is a shortage of logistics professionals. Logistics talents are the key to the development of logistics industry in iron and steel system and the guarantee for the growth of logistics enterprises. However, the logistics management and personnel training in China's steel enterprises or steel circulation fields are still quite backward, and the logistics theory and modern logistics management system adapted to China's current situation have not been formed, so it is difficult to train logistics personnel.
Standardization construction lags behind. Logistics is a trans-regional and cross-industry operation system. The degree of standardization is not only related to the effective connection and coordinated development of various logistics functions and elements, but also affects the improvement of logistics efficiency to a great extent. Logistics equipment standards are not matched, and pallet standardization is not implemented, which seriously affects logistics efficiency.
The degree of informatization is low, and the level of modern marketing and management is not high. At present, many enterprises engaged in steel trade are still in the low-level operation stage of telephone contact, manual operation and manual loading and unloading. In the modern logistics system, logistics information is not limited to a single enterprise, but needs to be widely exchanged among related enterprises. With the help of the network connection between related traders, the ordering information sent by retail enterprises to wholesale enterprises or manufacturers will be sent to logistics enterprises at the same time to realize instant delivery. But now the vast majority of steel traders rely on the information transmission of paper media, which obviously cannot realize the modern logistics of steel.
Although there are still many problems in the logistics enterprises in the field of steel circulation in China, their development prospects are very broad, with great development potential and growth space. With the sustained development of China's economy, the gradual maturity of the market economy, the adjustment of the global economic structure and the continuous upgrading of the industry, the position and role of the logistics industry in China's iron and steel industry will undergo profound changes, and the logistics industry must become an important carrier to promote the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and trade.
Since the 1960s, modern logistics first appeared in Europe and America and other industrial countries, and was favored by global commercial enterprises with its unique charm. It developed rapidly, and was hailed as the "accelerator" of enterprise development and the "gold industry" in 2 1 century, and became a new economic growth point. Nowadays, more and more enterprises from all over the world gather in modern logistics enterprises, and modern logistics enterprises have become one of the key industries concerned by global financial investors. Modern logistics is hot. In the circulation of steel products, modern logistics refers to the reasonable activities of all material information from suppliers to demanders, including steel, means of production and means of subsistence, in order to meet the process of planning, implementing and controlling consumers' raw materials, intermediate inventory, final products and related information from consumers to effective flow and storage. Modern logistics emphasizes the efficient and effective flow and storage of this process and the role of information management in logistics. The logistics status of China's steel industry Compared with developed countries such as Europe and America, the logistics industry in China's steel industry is still in a relatively backward state, mainly due to the following five shortcomings: the logistics industry started late and struggled with each other. However, the establishment of a national logistics supporting infrastructure system, such as the understanding and theoretical research of modern logistics with poor hardware and advanced management concepts and methods, still needs to be increased in China's steel circulation logistics industry. At the same time, we must see that progress and achievements have been made through unremitting efforts in all aspects. At present, China's iron and steel industry and modern logistics of iron and steel circulation are basically a virtuous circle, which is developing vigorously. Large-scale iron and steel enterprises have set up logistics companies, making use of their rich human and material resources to build a prestigious brand of logistics enterprises in the field of iron and steel circulation in China. Since 1982, we have designed and implemented a large number of logistics solutions for major scientific and technological projects, with the accumulated management value of transportation and import and export materials exceeding 300 billion yuan, and accumulated rich experience in modern logistics. The development of logistics industry in Angang is based on its four basic advantages: first, the freight rate is the lowest among similar enterprises in many ports; Second, with many shipping companies. Airlines have established a good cooperative partnership; Third, the customs and commodity inspection departments have good cooperation. Strong customs clearance ability; Fourth, good brand and reputation, which is also the biggest capital for Angang to develop the logistics industry. At present, many enterprises in Liaoning province have expressed a strong desire to cooperate with Angang logistics enterprises, and all three enterprises have obtained business through Angang Guomao International Freight Co., Ltd. Small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises are not willing to lose the favorable opportunity to develop modern logistics, but also hope to shorten the distance with large iron and steel enterprises through the vigorous promotion of modern logistics. Under the current situation, logistics enterprises in Laigang make a big fuss about logistics optimization and integration, in order to reduce costs and improve comprehensive competitiveness. To this end, Laigang established the "Modern Logistics Management Department", which is responsible for the optimization and integration of Laigang's logistics; Hire logistics experts to diagnose Laigang's logistics, formulate comprehensive logistics optimization scheme, and guide enterprises to carry out modern logistics management innovation; Establish a numerical model of logistics optimization and integration, systematically optimize the fuel procurement, production process and the transfer and sales process of semi-finished products to customers in the original production enterprises, optimize the production cost from a wider range, and realize the innovation of overall logistics management in Laigang. Online bidding and purchasing, steel products and steel circulation have taken a substantial step towards modern logistics. "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System" has developed very strongly since it was officially launched in the domestic metallurgical industry in 20065438 +0 10. The system can provide the procurement platform with the whole process of online bidding, bidding encryption, bidding cut-off, online decryption and bid opening, and adopts IC card system and advanced composite digital encryption technology. Today, the "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System" has achieved a total online purchase of 450 million yuan. In September, 2002 1 Month, Beijing Shougang Iron and Steel New Co., Ltd. published 48 largest categories of bids on the Internet through the "China Iron and Steel Joint Procurement Bidding System", with more than 200 procurement specifications and varieties worth 82.58 million yuan. After the online opening, 76 suppliers participated in the online bidding. Now, more and more suppliers take the online bidding of iron and steel enterprises as an opportunity to actively participate in the ranks of online suppliers and enter the big market of Internet. Compared with foreign enterprises, there is an obvious gap in China's steel logistics system. After all, the development of the industry as a whole will not meet the needs of steel production and steel trade development. There is still a big gap between logistics enterprises and foreign logistics enterprises in terms of scale, efficiency, logistics technology and management level, and there are many urgent problems to be solved, mainly in the following eight aspects: the lack of overall planning of steel industry logistics, the unreasonable logistics arrangement, high logistics cost and logistics. The degree of specialization is not high, the commercial development is unbalanced, the phenomenon of "big and complete" and "dumbbell" is common, and the degree of specialization is low, and the modernization level of transportation logistics and warehousing is low. The construction scale and development speed of logistics center and distribution center have not yet adapted to the requirements of modern logistics. The inefficient logistics system and high logistics cost are mainly manifested in three aspects: transportation, storage time, labor productivity and other infrastructure. The logistics infrastructure is not matched, the level of logistics technology and equipment is low, and the scale of logistics center and distribution center is not suitable for the development speed of modern logistics. Most iron and steel enterprises in China are deeply rooted in the traditional management mode of product segmentation and cross-management under the planned economy, which leads to the lack of necessary coordination in the planning and construction of various logistics infrastructure, thus poor compatibility and coordination, resulting in weak system functions. Logistics system generally has low technical level and backward equipment. In terms of storage facilities, the third-party logistics warehouse owns 70% of ordinary bungalow warehouses, and the proportion of three-dimensional modern automatic storage facilities is low, and there are fewer frozen, refrigerated and air-conditioned warehouses. Among the dismantling tools used, manual handling trolleys, push forklifts and general lifting equipment account for more than 70%, while modern handling tools such as shielded forklifts are rarely used. Third-party logistics enterprises own transport vehicles, and ordinary vehicles account for more than 70%. Modern box containers, container tractors and special transport vehicles are rare. There is a shortage of logistics professionals. Nel system of steel logistics personnel is the key to the development of logistics industry and is regarded as the guarantee for the growth of logistics enterprises. Logistics management and personnel training in the field of steel or steel circulation in China are still lagging behind, which is not suitable for the present situation of logistics theory and modern logistics management system in China, and it is more difficult to train logistics personnel. Standardization lags behind. Logistics is an inter-regional and inter-departmental operation system. The standardization level not only relates to the effective connection and coordination of logistics functions and elements, but also greatly affects logistics efficiency. Logistics support equipment standards and standardized pallets are not implemented, which seriously affects logistics efficiency. The degree of informatization is low, and the level of modern marketing and operation is not high. Many enterprises engaged in steel trade are still in manual telephone contact. Manual processing of low-level operation stage. In the modern logistics system, logistics information is not limited to the interior of a single enterprise, but needs extensive communication among related enterprises. Between the network connections of related transactions, the order information sent by retail enterprises to manufacturers and wholesale enterprises will also be sent to logistics enterprises, so as to realize timely delivery. But now, most steel traders transmit information to the media according to the license, and it is impossible to realize the modern logistics of steel. Although China has just started, there are still many problems in the field of steel logistics enterprises, but its development prospects are very broad, with great development potential and growth space. With the sustained development of China's economy, the gradual maturity of market economy, the adjustment of global economic structure and industrial upgrading, the status and role of China's iron and steel industry and logistics industry will undergo profound changes, and logistics industry must be the main carrier to promote the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and trade.
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In fact, there are quite a lot of resources that can be found here, but the landlord sees how to "piece together". Graduation thesis is very important. If the Internet is "flooded", you still need to work hard ~ ~