1. What is children's poetry? Children's poetry refers to an art form that takes children as the object, conforms to children's psychological and aesthetic characteristics, and expresses emotions with the most emotional, concise, rhythmic and branched language, including poems created by children to express their emotions. Children's poetry is a branch of poetry, because it is restricted by the psychological characteristics of specific readers, so its life content, artistic conception, association and imagination, literary language and so on must conform to children's age characteristics and be loved by children. Only in this way can we play a unique role in cultivating children's good moral quality, ideological sentiment, stimulating and enriching children's imagination and thinking ability, especially in cultivating children's healthy aesthetic consciousness and artistic appreciation ability. Second, the characteristics of children's poetry (1) Full children's emotional lyricism is the fundamental way for poetry to reflect life. Children's poetry is no exception. However, due to the particularity of its readers, it is required that the emotions of poetry must be expressed from the depths of children's hearts and vividly convey children's beautiful emotions, kind wishes and interesting feelings, so as to arouse the emotional power of young readers. For example, Ye Sheng's Xia Ge is a poem full of childlike passion, depicting the green in summer. The poet compared summer to a green child who loves to climb poles, and sincerely praised him for bringing us "how lovely green!" " On the surface, the poet is praising the green vitality of nature, but in fact, he is praising "students who are diligent in studying for the four modernizations of the motherland, …" These students are the real green scenery in summer. In this way, children can not only be influenced by beauty, but also increase their thirst for knowledge, love for life and sense of responsibility for society. Children's emotions expressed in children's poems are often full of children's interests, which not only can make children get care and pleasure from them, but also can bring adult readers back to the scene of budding childlike innocence and relive their childhood dreams. For example, the work "Fourteen Years Old, Blue Harbor" (Knee Yu Xu), which won the "Chen Bochui Children's Literature Award", describes the children of this special age's understanding of love, worry and innocence, personality differences and desires in their hearts, as well as their ideals and adventurous spirit. Their emotional expression is natural, appropriate, vivid and interesting. There is such a poem: "It is brave to say that boys are brave, even if bullets fly, they don't blink;" It is really timid to say that girls are timid, and you can see bean worms jumping from a distance. I hope there will be more exclamation points to impress adults, but the question mark in my mind has never been straight. Weird questions often embarrass teachers. ..... "In his humorous description, the poet vented children's unique inner world and emotional activities, making people feel that this is what lively and happy children have, full of children's interest, beyond words. It should be noted that children's interest in children's poetry is an internal factor in children's life, and only children's poets can find and vividly describe it, rather than a blunt and external component. (2) Children's rich imagination Children are the most imaginative and associative. They always use their creative imagination to understand and explain everything in the world. In their imaginary poetic world, flowers will laugh, birds will sing, grass will jump and fish will say. Therefore, children's poetry must create a beautiful artistic conception that is in line with children's psychology and rich in imagination, show children's innocence and childlike interest, let children spread their imagination wings and feel the theme of poetry in a wonderful and colorful world. This requires children's poetry to talk to children's hearts in the imaginary world. For example, Shao Yanxiang's children's poem "Little Fairy Tale": "On the south side of the cloud,/in that distant place,/a leaf says: We want to/bloom like flowers. /A group of flowers said: We want to fly like birds. /A group of peacocks said: We should grow like trees. At the beginning of the poem, the young readers are led from reality to the imaginary "distant place", and the beautiful images of "foliage flower", "small butterfly" and "peacock fir" are recreated in imagination, and rich reverie is launched. But the poet's intention is not only that, but also to continue to spread the wings of imagination with the children and experience the poetry from things and people. " Far away is Dai Village, where "flowers, butterflies and peacocks have all become little girls", and then return to reality from the imaginary world, but in this reality, the beautiful image of Dai girls still needs further association among young readers, from which they can get aesthetic enjoyment. (3) The emotions expressed in children's poems are far less profound than those expressed in adult poems, which are children's. How to express interest on a not very broad emotional level and create a unique expression effect? This mainly depends on the novelty and ingenuity of creativity. This conception, which depends on the accumulation of life and children's imagination, largely determines the artistic level of children's poetry. For example, Ren Rongrong's "Daddy's Teacher" is not very creative in the emotional excavation of similar themes, but it is still a model of similar themes. The secret is that the author has created a novel and ingenious conception mode and achieved a unique expression effect. Another example is Lan Shu's "Insect Birds": "I put my mother's washed socks on the rope one by one,/the rope became a multi-legged bug,/and crawled around in the sun. /I put my sister's handkerchief on the rope one by one,/The rope turned into a flock of egrets,/Flying in the breeze, flying. "Bold imagination on the basis of life, relying on the ingenious conception of this imagination, makes the ordinary life phenomenon become a kind of children's magic and infinite beauty. (4) Simple and concise language poetry is the art of language. Profound thoughts and vivid images can only become poems if they are expressed in concise, vivid and vivid language. Children's poetry should provide excellent conditions for children to learn and master the language, so that children can learn the language in a beautiful language environment, enrich vocabulary, improve their ability to master and appreciate the language, and enjoy beauty at the same time. For example, in Liu Ruomin's Song of the Sea, the sea is sleeping: "The wind makes no noise,/the waves don't laugh. /Late at night,/the sea went to bed. /She is holding the bright moon,/She is carrying the stars. /That gentle tidal sound,/is its sleeping snoring. "In a few words, the quiet and serene sea is presented to readers, and the graceful posture of the sea" mother "is vividly described with extremely accurate words such as" hug ","hug "and" hit "and anthropomorphic methods. Reciting such poems often can not only improve children's aesthetic ability, but also learn from them and improve children's ability to master and appreciate the language. In the beautiful language of children's poetry, in addition to the accurate and appropriate tempering of words, the sound rhythm of poetry should be musical, that is, the rhyme of poetry should have aesthetic effect. Mr. Zhu Guangqian, an aesthetic expert, said: "The rhythm of sound is the most direct expression of emotion, and literary significance is the second. "The artistic conception that literary meaning can't express can often be expressed through the rhythm of sound." The musicality of children's poetry is mainly manifested in rhyme and rhythm. Through the change of rhyme and the patchwork of sentence patterns, children of different ages are taken into account, and at the same time, the whole poem has a strong sense of music and rhythm, forming a neat aesthetic feeling. The younger the children, the more neat the rhyme of the children's poems they read. For example, "Little Bear Crossing the Bridge" (Jiang) for young children ends with the rhyme "Ao"; The distinct sense of rhythm in Wang An's "Di Li, Di Li" and Lu Bing's "Hole in the Chin" give people a bright feeling of reading poetry like singing, which makes children feel beautiful while excited. (5) The artistic conception of childlike beauty is composed of the combination of feelings and images. Children's poetry should also deliberately create artistic conception, aiming at creating an artistic conception of childish beauty. People often say "scene blending", that is, the feelings of poetry should be attached to images. Only by expressing the true children's feelings implicitly through images, rather than shouting them out abstractly, can this kind of children's poetry have a childlike and beautiful artistic conception and impress children. For example, Liu Ruomin's Moon: "The moon in the sky is round and round,/shining like a jade plate in the sea. /A group of fish swam over,/The jade plate broke into two or three pieces. /The fish ran away in fear,/all the way to the rock. /Looking back,/The moon is still round. " In the static beauty of the moon shining on the sea, through the dynamic addition of fish's "escape" and "look", a group of small fish are shaped in ingenious ideas, which are both fairy tale and childlike. Third, the classification of children's poems In terms of classification, children's poems are generally similar to ordinary poems and can be classified from different angles. From the use of means of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry. From the perspective of rhyme and line, it can be divided into two categories: rhythmic poetry and prose poetry. However, due to the wide coverage of children's poetry, other styles and contents of children's literature are often included in the shell of poetry. Therefore, children's poems can be divided into fairy tale poems, fable poems, science poems, story poems, satirical poems, painting poems and so on. The following are the main forms of different types of children's poems: (1) Lyric poetry is a literary style in which the author directly expresses his inner thoughts and feelings in the tone of the protagonist and forms images. Generally speaking, this kind of poetry does not express the mind according to the actions or stories of the characters, nor does it completely describe the characters, but directly reveals the soul of the lyric hero, with obvious self-color. Adolescent children are more inclined to this literary style with the most lyrical personality. For example, Let's paddle, Ke Yan's My Grandpa, Tang Qi's Stream, Yang's Home and I Watch the Wind. , are the favorite lyrics of children readers. (2) Narrative Poetry Narrative poetry is a literary style that uses the language of poetry to express the relationship between characters or events through specific life scenes, create a beautiful artistic conception, and truly express emotions. Narrative poems mostly rely on the plot or characters to start the preface, but it does not necessarily require the completeness of the plot. The plot structure allows a big jump, which is to express people and things with strong poetry. The famous poet Guo Xiaochuan once said that "strangeness, beauty and emotion" are "what a good narrative poem needs" because children like to read narrative poems with characters and plots. "Strange" refers to the ingenious plot arrangement in narrative poems; "Beauty" means that poetry should form a beautiful artistic conception, with concise language and vivid image; "Emotion" means that poetry is full of emotion and interest. Li Ji's A Boy on Three Sides, Ren Rongrong's Dad's Teacher, The Secret of Ke Yan's Hat and Jin Jin's The Good Hunter on Tianmu Mountain are all representative works of narrative poetry. (3) Fairy Tale Poetry Fairy Tale Poetry is a work that tells a fairy tale (or legend) full of fantasy and exaggeration in the form of poetry. It is a combination of fairy tales and poems. Fairy tale poetry is usually regarded as a unique style of children's poetry. At the same time, it is a popular literary style for preschool children and preschool children. A poet said: "I often think that poetry should be full of the fantasy color of fairy tales, and I often think that the fantasy fairy tale world should have the meaning of poetry." I love fairy tales, and I love fairy tales. Fairy tale poems (of Zhang Qiusheng) include fairy tale poems based on folk tales and folklore, such as Ruan's The Golden Conch and Xiong Saisheng's Ma Lianhua. There are also fairy tales based on real life, such as Tagore's Twilight, Ye Sheng's Adventures in the Bamboo Forest and Xi Yu Xu's Fairy Tales in the Forest. (4) Allegory Poetry Allegory poetry, also known as poetic fable, is characterized by vivid and thought-provoking meaning (philosophy or lesson), and is a poem narrated in the form of fable. /kloc-France's La Fontaine in the 0/7th century and Russia's krylov in the 0/9th century both wrote a large number of fable poems which were deeply loved by children. For example, China contemporary writer Gao Hongbo's Fly on the Train and Snail Associated with Zhang Qiusheng are both representative works. (5) Satire Poems Satire poems are humorous children's poems that prompt and criticize some unhealthy phenomena in children's lives in a metaphorical and exaggerated way, and guide children to introspect. This kind of poem either directly describes the child's wrong behavior and consequences, or mentions one or two shortcomings of the child, or deliberately exaggerates the child's bad habits and ridiculous endings, so that the child can see himself in a smile and be inspired and alert. For example, Ren Rongrong's satirical poem "Dress for a Strong Man" depicts the slowness of dressing for a strong man in an extremely exaggerated way: getting up in the morning and dressing until evening. Ironically, some children's habit of playing while doing things. There are obvious differences between children's satirical poems and general satirical poems. The satirical object in children's poems is children, so most of them are well-meaning, euphemistic and mild satire. It is different from ordinary satirical poems, and it is mostly aimed at some abnormal phenomena in social life, some people's misdeeds or the acrimony of the enemy. It is incisive and even has no room for manoeuvre. (VI) Prose Poetry Prose poetry is a style between poetry and prose, which has the artistic conception of poetry and the form of prose. It pays attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. It is short and often full of philosophy. Like prose, it doesn't branch or rhyme. For example, Guo Feng's "Let's Sing White Clouds, Galaxy ..." is a group of exquisite prose poems. In addition, Tagore, a great Indian poet, also wrote many excellent children's prose poems, such as Golden Flower, Paper Boat, School of Flowers, When I Give You Colored Toys and so on. (7) Scientific Poetry Scientific poetry refers to scientific literary and artistic works written in the style of poetry. It is characterized by expressing scientific spirit, scientific phenomena and scientific laws. For example, In the Sun, Defending the Weasel by Li and Sister in the Sun are all excellent works. (8) Reciting poems is characterized by being suitable for children to recite. In order to meet the needs of reciting, more attention is paid to colloquialism in vocabulary use and sentence structure. Such as Nostalgia, Sorry Dad by Gao Hongbo, Love Life by LULU, Poem Recitation by Teng, Song of Young Heroes, Song of Hope, etc. (9) Painting poems are children's poems written for pictures (or cartoons) suitable for children to enjoy. The famous poet Ke Yan's poems on paintings are among them. Fourth, the difference between children's poems and children's songs. Children's poems and children's songs belong to the category of children's poems. Although both of them have the characteristics of poetry, they each have their own personality characteristics, and there are obvious differences between them. (1) From the reader's point of view, children's songs are mainly aimed at preschool and preschool children; Children's poetry is mainly aimed at children in the middle and late school age. (2) From the performance of the theme thought, the theme thought of children's poems is often expressed in an indirect way, which is more profound and implicit; Children's songs are often simple and easy to express their themes. For example, the children's poem "Little Brother and Kitten" and the children's song "Wash Your Hands" are both works with the theme of paying attention to hygiene, but their expressions are obviously different. [Edit this paragraph] How to write children's poems 1. Simile method-describing the characteristics of things, suitable for describing physical objects and natural scenery. A seems to be a direct metaphor. For example, the cloud is like a busy painter painting one picture after another in the sky. Yun is like a playful problem children who often forgets to go home. The monkey is like a naughty clown, swinging around the tree for a while, pulling the beard of the banyan father for a while, and pulling the decorations of the peach tree for a while. Metaphorically rich associations don't talk about figurative things. Readers' own associations: "Mom" is the alarm clock that wakes me up every morning. "Mom's Hand" Mom's hand can turn white rice into delicious rice. Parade-level scenery The trees in spring are the stage for flowers to bloom, the trees in summer are the classroom for cicadas to sing, the trees in autumn are the cradle for fruits to sleep, and the trees in winter are the playground for wind races. Dad speaks loudly when he is happy, the ceiling will shake when he is sad, and his eyes will be as dull as when Woodenhead's father is angry. It seems that whoever encounters a volcanic eruption is unlucky. Fourth, parallelism-expressing rhythm, using the same word or the same sentence pattern to describe a thing. For example, the wind smiles, swings on trees, runs on grasslands, and plays darts with leaves in the yard. A smile is a flower on your face. A smile is honey on your lips. Smiles are sweeter than sugar. Smile is more fragrant than flowers (in+place+things) (smile+nouns). (smiling) 5. Anthropomorphic method-lively, lovely and interesting. For example: 1. Spring breeze makes flowers open their mouths and sing. After the sun went to sleep, the light got up. The moon shyly ran into the clouds and hid. Dewdrops smiled happily when they saw the sun coming out. "Soda" shakes hands with you. If you are angry and ask you to take off your hat, you simply drink it crisply when you are angry. See if you are still arrogant. 6. Imitation method-add interest to imitate the sounds of all things in nature. For example, "Feng" hates it when it secretly lifts my skirt and then shouts shame beside it! Shame! Shame! I'm really angry with me. Time is really a prank. It is even more naughty to open a hole in grandma's tooth and drill around in that hole. Shh! Shh! Shh! It took grandma a long time to say a word! Let's go Let's go Let us smile. 7. Hypothesis-write beautiful hopes and imagination with "if". If there is a change of wind, I will go to the place where my mother works and dry the sweat on my face one by one. If I were a teacher, I would often go to physical education class to avoid disappointing my students. If I were a father, I would give up drinking and avoid my mother's frequent sad tears. If I were God, I would make people laugh instead of crying. It's ridiculous to laugh for everyone. 8. Exaggeration-create special effects, deepen the impression to describe quantity, time and behavior, and polish and exaggerate the description of "traffic police". The most powerful person in the world is the traffic police, because he has "Qigong". He won't move as long as he gently pushes dozens of cars with one hand. 9. questioning method-arouse interest and think deeply about "crab" crab! Crab! Why are you foaming at the mouth? You just had lunch. Are you brushing your teeth and gargling? Is it drooling? Mom wants to eat the big apple in my hand? Wrinkles The old man has wrinkles on his face. There are wavy wrinkles on the face of the sea; Is the sea getting old? Ten, overlapping method-the "heartbeat" rhythm of poetry, pay attention to the rhythm should be consistent with emotion, egrets fly to the back of cattle, the wind is coming! Fly, fly, fly to the field, soak in water, fly, fly to the straw, hide and seek "fan", the fan in grandma's hand, draw a baby of grandma bird! Birds fly and fly! Grandma fell asleep, and so did the birds. XI。 Story Poetry-Write the story into a poem: "Grape rack" Grape rack, tall, with purple grapes hanging on it. Purple grapes, big and round, small and sweet. When the fox saw the jump, he couldn't catch it for a long time. I can't rely on it, and my heart is unwilling. I didn't say I was stupid, I said I was sour. Address-whether face to face or not, address each other directly, making the content more profound and vivid. Example: "New Clothes" Mom! The garden has been changed into colorful and delicious spring clothes; Trees have also changed into light green new clothes; The distant mountain took off its gray coat and put on a light green shirt; The grass put on a new green skirt and swayed in the spring breeze! Mom! Look, they are all wearing new clothes! Mom! People have changed into new clothes! Thirteen, dialogue method-approachable, as in front of your eyes and ears, easy to accept for example: "game" little brother, let's play games, sister is a teacher, you are a student, then sister is too young, she can't do anything. I think-let her be the principal. 14. Contrast method-highlight the content and nature, including color contrast, shape contrast, action contrast, event contrast, character contrast, space contrast ... "Private money" Dad's private money is hidden in the work hat; Mom's private money is hidden under leather shoes; My private money is hidden in my stomach. "Street lamp" Street lamp is a tree during the day and becomes a flower at night. "6 and 9" 6 and 9 played the game of stepping on balloons, and accidentally, 9 balloons of 6 exploded. 6 unconvinced, how can you tie a balloon to your head! Pick me ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~