The guide to learning and development of children aged 3-6 is to help our kindergarten teachers understand the basic laws and characteristics of children aged 3-6, point out the specific direction of children's learning and development, establish reasonable expectations for children's development, implement scientific conservation and education, and let children have a happy and meaningful childhood.

The guide takes children as the center, takes the content of children's development as the clue, and serves adults such as teachers, parents and elders who help children grow up. It emphasizes children's learning and development goals in five fields: health, language, society, science and art, and the corresponding educational suggestions. These contents all follow the "explanation" at the beginning of the Guide, especially the four aspects that should be grasped in implementing the Guide-paying attention to the integrity of children's learning and development; Respecting individual differences in children's development; Understand children's learning styles and characteristics; Pay attention to children's learning quality. This is an operational transformation of the whole theory of children's growth. At present, although many preschool teachers have correct methods in educating children, they often only rely on direct experience or intuition and don't know why. This is the reason why they don't understand the theory of children's growth. Because I don't know why, I often give inferences. Relying too much on "experience" and lagging professional development will hinder the development of preschool teachers. Only by expanding methods, skills or strategies on the basis of understanding and theory can we ensure individual professional development and promote the growth of preschool teachers' professional groups by analogy.

First, understand children's learning styles and characteristics.

As we all know, children's learning is based on direct experience and is carried out in games and daily life. We should cherish the unique value of games and life, create a rich educational environment, arrange activities for the day reasonably, and support and meet the needs of children to gain experience through direct perception, practical operation and personal experience to the greatest extent. It is strictly forbidden to "pull out the seedlings and encourage them", advance education and strengthen education.

In the teaching activities of "North Wind Doll" in the language field, the season is winter, and children can naturally feel the cold weather, and at the same time, they can find that their clothes are changing, and they are very curious and happy about the appearance of ice and snow. The main goal of this activity is to make children listen to the story carefully, understand the story plot, and try to identify the corresponding story content according to the pictures. Understand that cold water will freeze and ice will melt when it is hot. In the preparation of the activity, I specially prepared real ice, so that children can experience the truth that ice will melt when it is hot. After telling the story to the children, I asked a few questions. The children have a general understanding of the story, but their life experience is limited, and it is very strange that they don't understand the link that the puddle turns into ice. So, I made a simple analogy with the refrigerator at home, comparing the air conditioner in the refrigerator to the air conditioner blown out by the north wind doll. This narrows the distance between children's life and science. Let children understand that cold water will freeze. However, children have doubts about the difficulty of turning ice into water, so I took out the ice cubes prepared in advance, took my children outdoors to observe how ice turned into water in the sun, and provided a straw for children to try to blow ice cubes through. Let children consciously and actively understand the changes around them, and their cognition will develop in daily life situations. After this activity, the children not only listened to a good story, but also improved their exploration ability. Children gain knowledge by directly perceiving that the cold air in the refrigerator is the cold air blown by the north wind doll, and actually operating the straw to blow ice, so that children can gain knowledge and understand the story content in play.

Second, pay attention to the integrity of children's learning and development.

Last week, I was lucky enough to participate in the activity of sending rookie teachers to the countryside to teach in Shengshan Experimental Kindergarten, and saw the Chinese activity of teacher Shao in kindergarten-"Difficult". This is a very good picture book story. The story goes like this: There is a zebra named Devron. It has unique color stripes. Because it is different, Devron is very sad. It tries every means to change this difference, such as tying a bandage, rubbing brown sugar and painting. , but all failed, you can imagine how depressed Devron was. But the ending of the story is a comedy, and Devron is the most popular star because of this difference. During the activity, Mr. Shao asked the children to find out the differences between themselves and others. I remember a child with a mole on his face. Mole is a symbol of ugliness in people's impression, but through the guidance of Mr. Shao, this child's mole makes him unique in this world and can make everyone remember him soon. So, I also remembered him because of his mole. His name is Zhang Ao. For such a "different" teacher, guiding children is not a simple comfort. Tell the child it's okay, you don't need to care. In fact, no matter how many times you say it, children will still care. Others will still laugh at him because he has not fundamentally solved the problem. Guidance is not a simple distraction. Attention transfer may have some effect in a short time, but it can't fundamentally solve the problem. Finally, this difference will jump out and bother children. The correct guidance is to face this difference with children and find this unique charm. Let being different be an "advantage", not a "regret". Only in this way can children truly accept their differences. Children with moles will never feel inferior again, and they will be confident and happy from now on. This story is like a seed, quietly planted in the hearts of children, taking root and sprouting until it is deeply rooted.

The activity goal of "Diverse Diffren" is to observe pictures carefully, understand the contents of picture books and try to tell them boldly; Learn to accept yourself and know that everyone is different. Closely related to the second goal in the language field in the Guide, 1 requires children to gradually understand the contents of picture books through careful observation. Teacher Shao uses the strategy of magnifying glass picture or jigsaw puzzle combination, and the courseware inserts voice to attract children's attention, make the picture more vivid and realistic, and let children better interact with modern media. In terms of emotional stimulation, temperament is also an effective teaching method, and music plays a role in setting off and rendering visual channels. In the comfort scene, children can stimulate and cultivate their emotions in the interactive scene with Defron, which has new significance. On the basis of observing picture books, children can further understand the contents of picture books. The pictures in the activity are detailed and appropriate. In bold reverie, the child will think about what might happen behind the first picture, and when the next picture appears, he just gets the answer he guessed or what he needed, so there are intertwined scenes, which make the child's whole jumping thinking reasoning and describing bit by bit, and make the child's thinking development more active.

This activity not only achieved the goal in the language field, but also penetrated into the goal in the social field: helping children to know themselves correctly, accept themselves and build their self-confidence. Knowing that everyone is different and has their own characteristics, these characteristics don't care about good or bad, so that children can recognize and accept their own uniqueness, and at the same time, they can tolerate other people's differences, live in harmony together, enjoy happiness together and grow together. This is very valuable, and this education point is infiltrated into young children in the process. In the implementation of the Guide, it is mentioned that we should pay attention to the integrity of children's learning and development, and children's development is a whole. We should pay attention to the mutual penetration and integration between fields and goals, and promote the all-round and coordinated development of children's body and mind, rather than unilaterally pursuing the development of one aspect or several aspects. Through integration, we can cultivate complete children with coordinated development in all aspects.

The Guide is like a beautiful blueprint for kindergarten education. With this blueprint, we need specific design and construction. Guide is a blueprint for early childhood education based on basic theories such as psychology, pedagogy and life science. From basic theory to practice is an important step, but it is only one step. The next step needs specific design, implementation and control. Understanding the position of the Guide in pre-school education projects will help us understand and use it and clarify our tasks.

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