Claude Bomar created the concept of "internal environment" stability in 1959.
1902, British scientists Staring and Bayliss first put forward the concept of hormone, transliterated as "hormone", which initiated the development of hormone research and endocrinology.
The discovery of hormones and the concept of endocrinology are two major events in the history of endocrinology, which laid the foundation for the vigorous development of endocrinology.
The understanding of endocrinology has gone through three stages:
1. Gland Endocrinology (1850—1950)
The endocrine glands were resected, and the physiological and biochemical changes before and after resection and the recovery after hormone supplementation were observed, which enriched the understanding of endocrine glands. Study the function of glands, extract hormones, animal experiments, biochemical, physiological and pharmacological effects of hormones.
2. Histoendocrinology (after 1950)
The purification of hormones, the preparation of antibodies and radioimmunoassay established a more specific and sensitive method for the detection of trace hormones, which promoted the development of trace detection technology.
3. Molecular endocrinology
At present, the study of endocrinology has entered the molecular level from the cellular level. Through the regulation of gene cloning, expression, transcription and translation of hormones and their receptors, as well as the study of gene point mutation, group deletion, knockout and insertion, this paper discusses the mechanism of hormones and their regulation on cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
Introduction to secretory science
Endocrine system is a body fluid regulation system formed by endocrine glands and some organs, which is developed from embryonic mesoderm and visceral layer.
The trace chemicals (hormones) secreted by it reach the target cells through blood circulation, and combine with the corresponding receptors, affecting the metabolic process and exerting its extensive systemic effects.
The endocrine system cooperates with the nervous system differentiated from ectoderm, and it is necessary to maintain the balance and stability of the internal environment through a complex positive feedback system. Excessive or insufficient hormone secretion caused by endocrine cell dysfunction will cause corresponding pathophysiological changes.
Hormones secreted by endocrine glands play a very complex and important role in regulating the growth and development of various organs, reproductive aging, functional activities, metabolism and other life phenomena.
In recent years, the illusion has deteriorated and endocrine problems have become prominent.
Due to the change of unhealthy lifestyle, the aging population and the deterioration of environmental pollution, the disease spectrum in China has undergone tremendous changes, and endocrine and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome are on the rise year by year.
Due to the wide application of new technology, the detection rate of some endocrine diseases, including thyroid nodules and autoimmune thyroid diseases, is increasing.
Many environmental chemicals can interfere with the normal secretion and function of estrogen, thyroxine, catecholamine and other hormones in many animals, including humans, so some reproductive disorders, developmental abnormalities and some cancers of human beings are related to the interference effect of environmental endocrine.
Therefore, endocrine diseases have become a serious problem endangering public health, which has aroused the concern of the whole society, and it is urgent to strengthen prevention and treatment.