Article 1
The rapid development of human society has put forward higher and higher requirements for human quality. With the comprehensive promotion and gradual deepening of quality education, people pay more and more attention to people's psychological quality. As an important form and means to improve and improve students' psychological quality, mental health education has received unprecedented attention. Then teachers should pay attention to students' mental health and take corresponding measures to educate students' mental health. Promote the development of their sound personality and form individual psychological qualities such as optimism, optimism, tenacity and courage to overcome setbacks.
Keywords: mental disorder, mental health and sound personality of primary school students
First, the phenomenon and reasons of pupils' psychological barriers.
At school, there are many pupils who are very different from ordinary people. They have self-esteem on the surface and inferiority on the inside. Willing to make progress but afraid of difficulties; Have a sense of participation but low ability to participate; Have a strong desire for self-realization but a negative way of self-realization. These students have psychological barriers, mostly self-centeredness, inferiority, loneliness, indifference, jealousy, dissatisfaction, enterprising, broken cans and other serious rebellious psychology.
In educational practice, we find that most students' psychological problems are caused by bad social living environment. The main reasons are as follows: First, parents dote on them. Most students are only children, and some families have good conditions. They are spoiled by the stars at home, "afraid of falling in their hands" and "afraid of melting in their mouths". This kind of students have poor self-care ability in school life, poor tolerance for setbacks in study life, strong self-esteem, but poor self-confidence; I like praise, but I can't accept criticism. I even have a serious sense of frustration and am tired of learning. The second is the usual high-pressure education. In today's increasingly fierce social competition, people's psychological burden is getting heavier and heavier, and the pressure to become talented early, quickly and more is getting bigger and bigger. There is a utilitarian tendency in society, family and school, which makes students' study full of utilitarianism. Schools measure students by scores and further studies; Some parents are anxious to make their children successful and their daughters successful. In addition to completing the school's learning tasks, students have to attend many cram schools, interest classes, extra-long classes and foreign language classes. They are highly nervous, psychologically exhausted and under great pressure all day. It leads to children's loneliness and indifference, and even produces rebellious psychology and hostility to various studies, parents and schools. The third is the lack of love. It mainly happens in single-parent families with divorced parents or students with particularly difficult lives. The child suffered a psychological blow when his parents divorced. If parents do not properly handle their children's upbringing and education, children will feel inferior, lack self-confidence and sympathy, be psychologically bruised, and be jealous, dissatisfied and unfair. The fourth is its own defects. Some students are ugly or physically disabled, and some students are cynical and hurt their psychology. They feel that they are not respected, understood, trusted and tolerated, resulting in psychological phenomena such as shame, inferiority, lack of progress, injustice, disappointment, lying, helplessness, loss, alienation from teachers and rebellious psychology. Fifth, the lack of survival education. Students are not clear about the meaning of life and the value of existence, which leads to dislocation. It is for these reasons that students have different degrees of psychological barriers.
Second, care for students and conduct psychological counseling.
For primary school students, most mental health problems are related to lack of care, understanding and trust. Therefore, to do a good job in mental health education for primary school students, teachers are required to be full of love for children, adopt a protective, caressing, friendly, caring and enthusiastic attitude towards students, educate students with psychological imbalance and distortion with caring spirit, and comfort and relieve them through psychological comfort, psychological guidance and psychological consultation. Instead of ideological and moral preaching or mental health knowledge explanation. Then, how can teachers effectively give psychological counseling to students with psychological barriers?
1. Create a relaxed and harmonious environment.
Teachers and parents should first create a good external environment suitable for their psychological growth, seize the opportunity of education, choose and provide them with some extracurricular books with strong readability, suitable for their age characteristics and healthy content, and carry out more meaningful activities in combination with major festivals when helping and correcting their psychological imbalance. Usually organize students to watch healthy images, visit martyrs memorial halls and revolutionary martyrs memorial places, and hold singing and reading parties. So as to disperse and transfer the negative influence of society on their psychology. Teachers and parents should put down their airs, make friends with students, talk about their ideas and understand their real thoughts. Only in this way can it be effective to correct their bad psychology. In view of these situations, I mainly create a relaxed and harmonious environment from three aspects, so that students can slowly correct their bad psychology in a healthy environment and gradually cultivate their healthy and perfect personality psychology.
The first is to build a class group that is united, mutual-assisted, harmonious and friendly. Through the activities of helping each other, learning from each other and caring for each other in the class, students can have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of each other, trust each other and establish an equal and friendly classmate relationship. We should help students with difficulties and shortcomings with an equal and sincere attitude and make them happy and relaxed in school, so as to enhance their confidence, stimulate their curiosity, encourage their courage, bravely face difficulties and setbacks, understand, respect and tolerate others, and play a welcome role in the group.
The second is to create a relaxed and pleasant learning environment. In teaching, let students study in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, and adopt heuristic and happy teaching methods to make students learn well, learn well and learn easily. At the same time, pay attention to guide and help students gradually overcome learning difficulties, enhance their interest, confidence and courage in learning, and cultivate their spirit of cooperation and discussion.
The third is to create a colorful, active and healthy living environment. Carry out a variety of cultural and sports activities, entertaining and entertaining. Make use of theme team activities to organize students to watch their favorite movies, tell stories, talk about ideals and the future, and select some social roles to perform simulation performances, so that students can further understand the society and their role psychology, combine lofty ideals with down-to-earth learning, and help students gradually overcome their shortcomings and improve their personality.
2. Pay attention to differences and teach with love.
Mental health education is different from general ideological and moral education, which requires teachers to pay more attention to the individual differences of students and implement education in a targeted manner. In our educational practice, it is found that the mental health of most primary school students is not a big problem, which is mainly caused by rare and long-term reasons. As a teacher, especially the head teacher, from the first day of school, we should carefully and comprehensively understand the relevant situation of each student, initially determine the key education targets through daily observation, and then make education plans, programs and measures after further understanding, so as to educate and guide them step by step.
Conclusion: In a word, mental health education, as a part of school education and the whole education system, is a brand-new discipline based on psychology, a technical embodiment of psychological theory, a category of applied psychology, and a unique theory and technology that directly serves people's mental health. At present, there is no full-time mental health education teacher in rural primary schools. The main thing is that the head teacher cooperates with parents and teachers of various subjects, pays attention to students' psychological state everywhere, helps them in time when problems are found, warms them with love, inspires, guides and improves students' self-control in self-regulation, and enhances their self-confidence, thus helping them to grow and develop psychologically healthily.
the second
Mental health education for primary school students is becoming more and more important. To carry out mental health education for primary school students, we must follow the principle of "facing all, tolerance, confidentiality and continuity". Primary school students' mental health education is mainly carried out through school, family and students' self-education.
Keywords: principles and methods of mental health education
In today's society, people's material living standards are improving year by year, and children are the darling of every family, so in terms of material life, it can be said that children will not be wronged, but mental health exists in all aspects. I am a mental health teacher in a primary school. When dealing with children, I found that they have all kinds of problems. Some children are selfish and cold, and they only have themselves in their hearts; Some children feel inferior and have no self-confidence; Some are introverted and autistic; Some behavior habits are quite bad; Some have poor frustration ability; There are also some children who are withdrawn and have no friends. A large number of children always want others to do what they want and never think about what they should do. There are many such problems. I'm really worried about these children's problems. The future pillar of the motherland, how to experience these ups and downs in a young mind and on the road to growth? They grow up unhealthy and unhappy! So, I am also reflecting on myself. As a primary school health education teacher, I have an unshirkable responsibility for these problems of children. I should pay more attention to them, help them solve all kinds of problems encountered on the road to growth, and give them comprehensive counseling on their psychological problems, so that every child can successfully spend the happy journey of growth! Especially in the mental health education of primary school students, we should work harder and pay more attention to it. To this end, the health education for primary school students is analyzed as follows:
First, primary school students' mental health education must follow the principles
To carry out mental health education for primary school students, we must follow the principle of "facing all, tolerance, confidentiality and continuity".
1. Mental health education should be open to all students. Facing all students is the purpose of implementing quality education, and mental health education should also face all students. Mental health education is first and foremost the need of human development. Mental health education for all students does not assume that primary school students have a large number of psychological problems, but that all students should develop psychologically. Individual students do have psychological problems, which can be corrected through national mental health education. In my daily work, I always pay attention to every child, often chat with my classmates and participate in game activities together to better understand their inner and ideological needs; Give 4-5 health talks every semester to educate and guide the children in the whole school so that they can standardize their words and deeds in all aspects. I also regularly change the publicity column, educate children through all aspects of knowledge, and use classes to give different psychological education and guidance to children at different stages. The children also regard me as a close friend, and they are willing to communicate with me and ask for help when they encounter problems. Of course, I also try my best to help them and make the flowers of the motherland bloom!
2. Mental health education needs tolerance. Treat every student with tolerance, and treat everything of this student with tolerance. Lack of tolerance for students, heart-to-heart communication and cooperation between teachers and students, mental health education is difficult to carry out. It is believed that all students can get a good education. If there is a problem, it is just a matter of not finding the right method and opportunity. For example, my own children are very nervous after every exam, worried that their scores are not ideal, afraid that the teacher will criticize us, or feel humiliated. I didn't care at first, but later I found that her psychological burden was getting heavier and heavier, so I advised her that the exam was just a quiz. When her grades are not ideal, she is always tolerant and doesn't yell. She analyzed the reasons and summed up the mistakes with her. I also encourage her from time to time, saying that ability is more important than grades, as long as there is progress, and I go to outdoor sports with her to relax. Over time, she didn't have these concerns, but her performance in the exam was very ideal. I think being tolerant of children will definitely promote mental health.
3. Mental health education must follow the principle of confidentiality. Pupils are psychologically fragile, and psychological counseling teachers should have a sense of confidentiality in order to gain children's trust and protect their hearts. The school held a sports meeting this semester, and most of the children went to the playground to hold a sports meeting. As a result, there was a child left in the classroom, which was also the child of one of my relatives. For this reason, the class teacher sent the child to me. It turned out that he stayed in the classroom and quietly rummaged through his classmates' schoolbags to steal things. I was so angry that I wanted to beat him up and scold him. At that time, there were many children in the office. Everyone saw this classmate with drooping head and asked him what was wrong. I quickly said nothing, and I didn't educate the children until all the other students left. I gave him many examples. Finally, I agreed with him that I would keep his secret as long as he didn't do it again. The child thanked me for keeping his secret in front of his classmates and promised that it would not happen again. In the later days, the child did not make the same mistake.
4. Mental health education must follow the principle of continuity. As children grow up, their living conditions are also changing. How to deal with the inevitable troubles, failures, setbacks and blows in the process of growth? Mental health education should accompany the long process of children's growth. I think in the future work, we should pay more attention to children's psychological problems, constantly learn psychological knowledge, be close to children's study life, and enthusiastically help them solve all kinds of puzzles on their growth path, so that every child can be positive and happy in mental health!
Second, the primary school students' mental health education must go through the way
Primary school students' mental health education is mainly carried out through school, family and students' self-education;
First, the ways and means of mental health education in schools
1, group counseling. Group counseling uses special lectures and special activities to provide students with comprehensive help, shape the good atmosphere and good behavior of class groups, and stimulate the spirit of group progress.
2. Psychological counseling room. Psychological counseling room takes students as individuals or groups, and also accepts students' active counseling. The work of psychological consultation room needs specialization, and teachers should undergo on-the-job training. Psychological counseling room should have full-time teachers in charge and special work plans, with fixed opening hours and fixed places. In addition to meeting the requirements of psychological counseling, the environment layout of primary school students' psychological counseling room should also increase children's characteristics, so that primary school students will like it as soon as they enter the door, as if they were happy when they entered the club.
3. Case education. Case education for primary school students is a supplement and in-depth to the above two kinds of psychological counseling. The object of the case should be typical, which can be students with excellent intelligence, students with critical intelligence, model students and students with many problems. As a case object, students can let me know or not, mainly according to the needs of research. Case education generally needs long-term follow-up research. A student contacts many teachers at school, so it is best to carry out case education in a cooperative way, with the person in charge as the main body and several teachers observing and studying the same object. Case education must be recorded in detail, such as observation notes and conversation record. The record must be true, and you can also write the feelings of the recorder. Students' case materials should be properly kept. In principle, students' case studies are not open during their school days.
4. Testing and calibration. Use questionnaires, test papers and other means to fully understand the current situation of student groups, and then find out the problems with universal significance. The test scale should be specially designed by psychologists, and it is generally not recommended to design a psychological questionnaire by yourself. The test data are for reference only, so don't believe all the data, because students are living people and it is impossible to express them with data. Through testing the problems found in the investigation, group counseling, psychological counseling club activities, case education, etc. Respectively, carry out necessary prevention and correction, and promote the all-round development of primary school students.
5. Mental health education class. In the pilot class of mental health education, we try to carry out class mental health education and offer mental health education courses. After gaining experience in the pilot class, mental health education classes will be set up in the whole school. Teachers carry out mental health education activities according to the different characteristics of each class.
Second, the ways and methods of family mental health education for primary school students
1. It is not enough for primary school students' mental health education to rely solely on school experiments. In a more important sense, primary school students' mental health education mainly depends on family education, because family is the source and attribution of students, and primary school students' mental health ultimately comes down to this. Therefore, schools and parents should attach great importance to primary school students' mental health education, and schools should persistently put forward various suggestions to parents to guide them to carry out family mental health education for primary school students.
2. A naive mind needs more care. First of all, parents should know that children's hearts need more care, and it is every parent's obligation to care about their mental health from an early age. Listen to the voices of the children. Parents are often used to talking by themselves and making their children obey. In school, a teacher faces dozens of students, mainly because the teacher says that primary school students have relatively few opportunities to speak, and even less opportunities to say psychological words. Family should be the place where children can talk psychologically, and parents should pay attention to leaving the opportunity to talk to their children. Encourage children to talk more. Parents should not neglect the exchange of ideas with their children because of their busy work.
Tolerance and restraint are both important. Parents should treat their children equally and give them the necessary constraints while tolerating them. Too much tolerance leads to doting, too much strictness leads to little love. The school advocates encouraging and praising students more. Parents should understand this truth. Children's happy character will not be developed in reprimand. Parents' timely praise can help children develop a good character more than other material rewards. There is no contradiction between praising children and restraining their bad behavior. The foundation of children's happy life begins with encouragement and praise.
4, close to nature, contact with social life. Students' social practice and outing organized by the school are collective activities and cannot replace students' personal social activities. Family education should encourage children to contact nature and society. After school, let the children stretch their bodies and minds in the open space. On the rest day, let the children bask in the sun on the grass under the blue sky, covered in mud and close to nature. Encouraging children to participate in social welfare activities, cultivating children's behavior and love for serving others, experiencing different school roles, family roles and social roles, and experiencing colorful life are helpful to cultivate children's perfect personality.
Thirdly, the ways and methods of primary school students' self-mental health education.
1, learn to relax. To let pupils know that nervousness is a normal psychological reaction, they can relax by imagination, distraction, breathing adjustment, sports activities, listening to music, singing, reading and sleeping.
Step 2 talk to people. To let primary school students know that they have problems and learn to ask for help, they can talk to teachers and psychological counselors at school; You can talk to your elders, relatives and friends at home; There can also be endless words in the society, such as psychological consultation telephone and so on. You can talk to people at any time and learn to talk to people all your life.
3. Learn to keep a diary or a weekly diary. Pupils should learn to talk to themselves with pens and describe their inner tracks with words, which is of great help to the healthy growth of psychology. Teachers and parents should respect children's privacy and get their permission to publish their diaries. Pupils don't have to worry too much about their inner secrets being known by others. They should learn to be honest with others and themselves.
In a word, the ideal goal of mental health education for primary school students is to lay a happy and happy life foundation. Of course, mental health education for primary school students is not only the responsibility of individuals, but also the responsibility of the whole society, which also lays a solid foundation for building a harmonious society and creating a safe social environment. I think as long as the family, school and society participate together, pay attention to the life and mental health of primary school students and attach importance to their inner world, they will certainly cultivate their healthy psychology.
Article
Keywords: mental health education/problems/methods
With the continuous development of social economy, the progress of science and technology, social unhealthy tendencies and corruption are increasingly rampant, coupled with the increasing number of only children, loved by families, loved by society and other reasons, resulting in more and more psychological problems of students. Among them, students with psychological abnormalities or even mental illness have accounted for a large proportion. This mental health problem has aroused widespread concern, and mental health education has been carried out in depth. Therefore, mental health education should be started at an early age, so that they can initially form a healthy psychology and truly become a new generation with ideals, morality, culture and discipline.
Contemporary primary school students are a cross-century generation and are in an important period of physical and mental development. However, influenced by social unhealthy trends and corruption, their mental problems are increasing day by day, and students with mental illness also account for a large proportion. Several shocking things happened around me.
Hu, a fourth-grade student, didn't finish his homework once. The teacher asked him why, but he didn't hear clearly. The teacher said to him seriously, "If you don't hear clearly, you can ask the teacher or classmates. This is not a good reason. " But he was unconvinced and thought he had been wronged by the teacher, so he was very angry and had a conflict with the teacher. The teacher had to invite parents to educate together. When his parents came to school to ask why, he not only didn't talk, but also said angrily to his mother, "If I die, you won't talk about me." Hu's mother was also very angry and said, "Hu, you can die if you want." What I never expected was that my mother's angry words really made my son climb the window sill on the fourth floor. The teacher hurriedly dragged Hu back, which avoided a tragedy.
There is also a child 12 years old, Zhang. He is a child of a single-parent family. Since his parents divorced, he has been living with his father, but his father is busy with his work and seldom cares about him, which also makes him gradually develop some bad habits, such as not studying hard and fighting with others. Sometimes even two or three times a day, and it is particularly vicious. Once, he got into a fight with someone else. After the teacher asked why, he knew it was because a classmate played a little joke on him and thought he was bullying him, so he got into a fight. At that time, many students said that he was particularly fond of swearing and fighting with others. And the teacher also learned from the side that his father was secretly telling him that if someone bullied him, he would be killed.
In addition, if we observe carefully, we will find that there are many students suffering from mental illness around us: some of them are weak, withdrawn and lack initiative; Some are weak-willed, have no self-control and are timid; Others are taciturn, have no confidence in doing things, are psychologically lacking, suspect that classmates look down on him, and others are joking together. He suspects that he is mocking him and talking about him. Wait, such a thing can't help worrying us. Therefore, it is imperative that we strengthen mental health education from an early age, starting from the enlightenment education stage.
Suhomlinski said: "The most complete social education is school-family education." Family education and school education are the two most important factors that affect children's growth. Integrating family education and school education to form a joint force of education is the need of children's healthy development and the main aspect of students' mental health education. Family is the basic cell of society. As the saying goes, "family is the first lesson in life" and "parents are the first and best teachers for children". After a child is born, the first thing that comes into contact with and is influenced by it is the family environment. In the process of children's development, the family environment has a great influence, and the psychological quality of each of us is more or less branded with the imprint of the family. A harmonious, warm, affectionate, trustworthy, energetic and positive family may create a healthy psychology for children. On the contrary, it is very likely to leave irreparable trauma to the child's young mind. Therefore, cultivating children's healthy psychology also puts strict demands on parents. First of all, parents are required to have a healthy psychology, and only in this way can they infect their children; Secondly, parents are required to be strict with words and deeds, and they must never lose faith in their children; In addition, parents are required to have correct educational methods, not too obedient and conniving, not too strict or even authoritarian, and to have a democratic style. If not handled properly, it is easy for children to form willful, selfish, arrogant, impatient and depressed psychology, resulting in excessive psychological pressure and even rebellious psychology.
Generally speaking, the influence of family is subtle, while school education is conscious and planned. Therefore, school education should be comprehensive.
First, the school's internal psychological environment construction
1, construction of campus main environment. First-class education should have first-class subjective environment construction, which is the primary task of school psychological construction. The main environment of the school should appear with a brand-new look and embody the style of "novelty, neatness, brightness and beauty" as much as possible. It is necessary to build all kinds of buildings in a green environment, so that the school can become a garden-style classroom. Ponds, famous flowers and grasses, bamboo trees and green lawns can also become an environment for students to cultivate themselves.
2. Campus culture construction. Schools should carry out art, culture, sports, science and technology, learning celebrities and other activities. , so as to improve students' interest, activate students' body and mind, and achieve the purpose of cultivating sentiment, beautifying life, harmonizing the relationship between teachers and students and improving students' psychological environment.
3. Construction of school spirit, class spirit, teaching spirit and study style. Students' comprehensive qualities such as physiology, psychology, intelligence and ability can be well developed in the psychological environment of good school spirit and school capacity. Good school spirit and appearance can also create a good psychological environment for the school to carry out mental health education in an all-round way.
4. Schools should also strive to create a good family psychological environment. Schools can cooperate with neighborhood committees and other community grassroots organizations to regularly train parents on mental health knowledge and teach parents the common sense of children's physical and mental development. Let parents realize that cultivating students' good psychological quality is inseparable from a harmonious, civilized, bright and happy family environment. Students can live in a warm and happy family from an early age and get the right love from their parents and elders. They are bound to feel the warmth, security and happiness of their families, full of joy and confidence. Good emotions occupy a major position in their psychological state since childhood, thus ensuring the healthy development of each student's body and mind.
Second, teachers are the key to mental health education for primary school students.
Developing mental health education is not only a matter for one or two professional teachers, but also requires the attention and participation of all teachers. Teachers are not only imparting knowledge to students, but also role models for students to learn. Their words and deeds have a great influence on students. I think for the sake of students' mental health, teachers should do the following:
Teachers should respect students. "Does the student respect the teacher" is the primary condition for the class teacher to evaluate a student's moral character. Has the class teacher asked himself "Do I respect the student?" Respecting students includes respecting students' personality, respecting students' labor, respecting students' achievements and respecting students' privacy. ...
Teachers should not be selfish. This "selfishness" means that the class teacher should be fair and just to the students and not be emotional. Students with good grades are favored by teachers, but our teachers can't be partial to a student or even make unfair decisions just because of his good grades.
3. Teachers should be honest. The word "sincerity" is not only applicable to the commodity society, but also what teachers should do. Some teachers will inadvertently exaggerate or reduce the situation when reporting the situation of students to their parents; Promise students something and then deny it; Sometimes in front of students, I will talk to my colleagues without scruple ... These trivial things will make students think that teachers can lie, so why can't we?
Therefore, primary school students' mental health education should be carried out in depth. Different education methods are carried out according to different ages.
The education methods in the lower grades are mainly various games. There is a "self-introduction" game when entering school. Although the content is simple, it can help children learn to introduce themselves and understand others, which is conducive to the improvement of language communication ability. There is also the "Me in the Mirror" game, in which students learn self-observation, self-description and self-evaluation by looking in the mirror; The game of "civilized language" enables students to learn daily civilized language through performance, which virtually regulates children's daily behavior; "Praise" game, through mutual praise among students, makes students understand that they should see the advantages and specialties of others, know how to praise others, and know how to respect others, thus exercising their emotional communication and social adaptability. Various games can help students develop good psychological quality, moral cultivation, learning methods and habits, improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong, and set an example for learning.
Mental health education in senior grades embodies the diversity of methods. In addition to the above-mentioned necessary games and activities, reading materials, psychological questions and answers, heart-to-heart communication and other contents have been added. For example, in order to let students master the methods of adjusting and relieving anxiety, teachers can introduce some good methods according to students' answers, such as "consciousness adjustment method" and "attention transfer method". You can also organize better students in this field to introduce their experiences. Other methods can make up for the deficiency of primary game activities on the basis of establishing a certain understanding ability.
In short, the primary school stage is the initial stage of human growth and development, and it has also attracted the attention of the society. School education has gradually become the main battlefield of students' mental health education. In order to make students have a healthy mentality, teachers of all subjects in the school should fully apply the principles and methods of mental health education to teaching in combination with the characteristics of the subject, organically combine the two, ensure the healthy growth of teenagers, make students' personality develop harmoniously, and make them truly become a new generation with ideals, morality, education and discipline.