Xiao Hong's free style is reflected in her poetic writing of social and life tragedies. Tragedy attached itself to her. As she told her friends, she was defeated all her life. The decline of society and personal frustration troubled her and urged her to wake up; The sufferings and deaths of countless people are constantly shocking.
She, ask her to write. Therefore, her works, large and small, have always been full of "original passion". Xiao Hong's passion is undoubtedly related to her keen feelings, among which the pain is the most prominent. It is the constant pain that brings her a kind of suffering to her emotions and emotions, so she is in color and proportion.
Abnormal changes in speed and shape. In her free narration, she implanted these subjective things into the created world, thus deepening her tragic theme.
Describing the decline and fall of the world, the theme itself is endowed with a certain sense of modernism. In her writing, Xiao Hong boldly broke the traditional realistic method and adopted a series of modernist techniques, mainly in dealing with introversion, fragmentation and fragmentation. Xiaohong is self-taught. She
Without any inspiration from western modernist writers, a basic principle is to let stories return to life and space return to time. Originally, there was no closed structure in life, and there was no causal chain of story development. Many characters in the life scene, the so-called sentient beings, did not.
There is always a protagonist and a second angle. Life is open, diverse, disorderly, ordinary and fragmented. Xiao Hong's Life and Death Field and Biography of Hulan River do not systematize and dramatize life like realistic novels, but are anti-complete, with great randomness. Chapter 10 Life and death field
Only three lines; Each chapter of Hulan River Biography is equivalent to an independent room with no corridor connection. The story has no center, no protagonist and even no plot. No one is the master, and the power of the master lies in the logic of fate itself.
Xiao Hong pays more attention to scene slicing and detail description than plot arrangement. Pay attention to the presentation of the spiritual world of the characters, not the depiction of the characters. She is especially good at expressing the loneliness of characters and the existence of human atomization. In Xiao Hong's characterization, there are elements of existentialism philosophy. Especially in
Recent novels explore the essence of human existence and show the depth of the soul. Then I thought of Walden Lake, a famous collection of essays by American writer henry david thoreau.
The following is a paper I read, but it's not from Britain or America.
You can have a look if you don't mind.
Poetry drifts with suffering.
-On the Melancholy Beauty of Akhmatova and Xiao Hong's Works
Akhmatova and Xiao Hong are two female writers with great creative personality in the history of Chinese and Russian literature in the 20th century. Their life is full of hardships. They use their extremely bumpy mental journey to experience and describe life. Their works present the same aesthetic characteristics, with deep melancholy beauty, and their poems are full of suffering.
Melancholy beauty belongs to the aesthetic category of tragic beauty, which is a kind of sad beauty that permeates people's hearts. The aesthetic feeling produced by melancholy beauty is pain mixed with pleasure, that is, bringing the subject into a sad state of mind, experiencing pain and sadness in suffering, and producing pleasure after suffering.
Shelley thinks that "pouring out the saddest thoughts is our sweetest song." ① Throughout the life and creation of Akhmatova and Xiao Hong, the overall tragic implication runs through their works: the tragic consciousness of life expresses such a sad and painful fact, as O 'Neill said: "We are a tragedy ourselves, and we are one.
The most shocking tragedy that has been written and unwritten. "2" Anna? Akhmatova-the name is a sigh-sank into the bottomless abyss. "-Zvetayeva This is a lament for the fate of the poetess. Akhmatova comes from a noble family.
Ting, I study in Huangcun Middle School. Her childhood life was unfortunate: she lost her father's love when she was young, and her parents divorced, which left a deep scar on her tender heart. Two younger sisters died early because of lung disease, and she painfully experienced the ruthlessness and cruelty of death, thus giving her this paper by 5 1lunwen.com, paper net.
Organizing and providing the whole childhood life has cast a shadow. Loneliness and loneliness came to her heart prematurely, and she became more melancholy. Akhmatova's childhood memories are not good;
My childhood was not happy.
No teddy bears, no curly hair, no freckles,
No kind aunts, no scary uncles,
There is not even a small stone in the river as a companion.
I grew up in beautiful silence,
The cool silence of the young century.
I don't like human voices,
All I can understand is the sound of the wind.
Akhmatova himself was sick and often got tuberculosis.
Because she was often threatened with death, many of her early poems described that era.
Disease and anxiety, poetry also often involves death.
Lenovo shows a melancholy and sad mood.
People often say that childhood is a paradise for life. But as a child, Xiao Hong, like Akhmatova, suffered too much pain and suffering! She was born in a landlord family. Her father was "dehumanized by greed" and her stepmother lacked kindness. She grew up in a "suspicious and indifferent family"
Yes, I am struggling alone in the evil environment of humiliation and injury! In this heartless family, only her grandfather brought her care and care. She "learned from her grandfather that besides indifference and hatred, there is warmth and love in life." So she "has a permanent affection for this kind of" warmth "and" love ".
Desire and pursuit. Xiao Hong's childhood was lonely, forming a melancholy, sensitive and stubborn character. The memory of childhood is unforgettable. Later, Xiao Hong recalled her lonely childhood with a sad mood in her long autobiographical novel Biography of Hulan River, and Ordinary Years was written by her.
This situation is very infectious. Among them, the description of the river lantern on July 15 is profound:
But when this river lantern flows from the distance of the upper class, people are elated.
Happy people, etc. I have flowed through myself, and there is nothing yet, but in the end.
Later, when the river lamp flowed far downstream, it made the watchman of the river lamp
People, there is no reason to be empty inside.
"Where is the river lantern going?"
Most people, seeing this, will get up and leave.
Go home by the river.
So not only the river was missed, but also the coast was missed.
At this time, look at the filth in the distance, look, look, and the light will come.
Destroyed one, look, destroyed another, and there are two pieces left.
Destroyed, so it really seems to be taken away by ghosts one by one.
After the third night, there was no one by the river, and there was a river.
There is not a light. The paper vividly depicts a scene saturated with melancholy. There is no attractive storyline, ups and downs of dramatic conflicts, or even fixed characters in this scene of ghosts crossing over with river lanterns in Orchid Club, but it conveys a desolation through the flow of that scene.
The atmosphere reveals a feeling of melancholy. We feel the loneliness left in Xiao Hong's childhood memory, the sadness of life buried in her young mind, and her tragic judgment on life. This subtle and hazy emotion, as beautiful as a dream, is an unusual intersection of sadness and joy, money
Zhong Shu called it "there is sweetness in bitterness", "there is joy in joy, and there is sadness in joy", which formed a pleasant sadness and brought us melancholy aesthetic pleasure.
Ge Haowen wrote in Xiao Hong Review: "I think autobiographical literature is the most attractive thing for women's literature", which is not unreasonable. The characteristics of female characters make female writers tend to be better at writing about themselves. Malamei emphasized: "People's mind and personality urgently need self-explanation, which requires integrity."
Grounding is reflected in the current literature. (4) In other words, poetry or literature is the self-interpretation of mind and personality. The early life experience of the creative subject plays an important innate role in the development of his personality psychology and the formation of his work style. For those precocious, precocious, sensitive and introspective people like Ahmatova and Xiao Hong.
For people, young experience is very important, especially for writers with more characteristics.
Some people say: "marital status is the perfect image of heaven and hell we can get in this life." ⑤ Some people also said, "This adult paper is compiled and provided by www.51lunwen.com. Nothing hurts each other more than the relationship between husband and wife. " 6. Akhmatova has a unique love.
Love poems entered the poetry world. But in her poems, she usually doesn't write about happy love, but about the pain, sadness, torture and disappointment that love brings. Although she longed for friendship so painfully and looked forward to love so eagerly, love brought her pain and sorrow. The telephone number of Akhmatova is 19 10.
In the same year, Nicholas, the leading poet of "Acme School"? When gumilyov got married, her husband's unfaithfulness to love deeply hurt her heart. It's unfortunate that I got married twice after my divorce from gumilyov. The persistent pursuit of pure love not only brought her great pain, but also enriched her art.
Perception, she writes with her own pen.
Out of deep sorrow:
My husband beat me black and blue,
Use a whip with a double folding pattern.
(19 1 1 year)
A woman who is loved always has so many demands!
Abandoned women want nothing.
How happy I am, under the transparent ice
The waves held their breath.
Knowing this sad story,
Let them laugh mischievously.
Because I didn't get love and peace,
Please grant me a painful honor.
( 19 13)
To me, my husband is the executioner,
Home is a prison.
In the cold winter,
Birds hit transparent glass,
There is blood on the white wings.
(192 1 year)
Most of Akhmatova's early works are such poems, lamenting the misfortune of personal life, describing a sad and lonely image of a woman, revealing the emotional world and inner secrets of women, and expressing a kind of abnormal self's feelings about "love". She thought of the end of life from the dead leaves in late autumn, from the edge of the cliff
Seeing the end of love by dying candlelight, people interpret Akhmatova's early simple poems as the epitome of a woman's life-from instant happiness to lover's indifference, separation, abandonment and loneliness. Akhmatova endured loneliness, loneliness and love.
Betrayal in love, she condensed her pain and sadness into a melancholy poem. Old revolution? Karen Tai thinks that Akhmatova's poems are "books describing women's hearts", and she points out that Akhmatova's poems really "reveal the pain that men bring to women".
Melancholy beauty is the emotional embodiment of the tragic subject and the subjective reflection of tragic beauty. For most of history, women were confined and claustrophobic. This claustrophobia situation means the mental death of women without words. Narration is to resist the mental death in this claustrophobia by means of mental activities. correct
For Akhmatova, love is an important measure to measure the value of life and a way to understand the truth and thoughts of life. Love makes the heroine an extremely sensitive person and gives her the ability to distinguish lies from truth. Through the expression of individual's unique inner feelings in poetry, it reveals the universal mind that people have.
Physical characteristics. Akhmatova's poems give people beautiful enjoyment and edification in a sad way, which makes it easier for people to know the truth of life, purify their hearts in compassion, generate lofty strength and form melancholy beauty. People always have to love, and the meaning and value of life have always been maintained by it.
However, in real life, sincere love is so hard to find and so unattainable. Lu Xun said: "China values his parents and values boys over girls." Parents' rights to the next generation and husbands' rights to their wives "have never been considered sacred and inviolable". In the era when the patriarchal culture in old China was fully infiltrated and ruled, women
Sex is generally suppressed and is in a position of subordination and humiliation. 1930, in order to escape the feudal marriage, Xiao Hong bid farewell to her grandfather's homeland and embarked on a stormy wandering life. It can be said that Xiao Hong has always loved the truest and most beautiful love and has eternal yearning and pursuit. However, no matter how Xiao Hong feels about love.
She is fascinated, but there is only sadness and unfortunate love in her life. As Xiao Hong herself said, "My greatest sorrow and pain is being a woman." According to Freud's dynamic psychology, creation is like daydreaming, which is an alternative compensation for life defects. It broke through the firmness of civilized manners and customs in an imaginative way.
Ice releases the original desire of the id and soothes the writer's mental trauma. In her last work, March in a Small Town, Xiao Hong wrote her own personal experience of women's suffering, her own tragic life and unique spiritual experience into this work, which reflected her unique thinking on women's fate. Parade in a small town
Like Biography of Hulan River, it chooses a child's perspective to describe the tragedy of a girl who died of depression because she was dissatisfied with the feudal arranged marriage. The protagonist, Aunt Cui, is a woman who is not very beautiful, but has a variety of customs and a very rich heart. She is kind, pure, gentle and reserved, intelligent and competitive, and her heart is quiet.
My cousin who loves me yearns for the freedom of love, but because she is the daughter of a married widow, she is discriminated against and forced to get engaged to an ugly and small man. She buried her persistent love deeply in her heart: "The secret of her love is like this, as if she were showing it to her."
Don't keep talking, as if no one in this world is worth listening to. "Not only can she not combine with her beloved youth, but she can't reveal her inner secrets. She became thinner and sicker, and finally she died of a faithful love. Until her death, considerate family still didn't.
Know why she is moping all day, why she is getting thinner and thinner, and why she can't afford to get sick. "What's the matter? Didn't you get what you got married? I have asked everything. " But I didn't ask her how she felt, her wishes, her sadness. What is even more heartbreaking and lamenting is that Aunt Cui will never die and will never regret it until she dies.
My beloved cousin will mention her in the future. Although she often shed tears, she "doesn't know why Aunt Cui died, and everyone is puzzled." It can be seen how indifferent it is to human emotions and rights! Psychologists believe that self-abuse is a rebound in which life energy cannot be released. It points to life itself and is a kind of self-abuse.
The cruel self-mutilation behavior pattern defined by China traditional culture for women has gradually internalized into women's psychological structure through long-term education and accumulated into a part of women's deep cultural structure. Although Aunt Cui in the works is constantly self-restrained and bitter, and loves her cousin, she is unable to break through the barriers of feudal marriage tradition.
I didn't send a message of love to my cousin until I died. I tortured myself mentally and finally died with resentment.
Aunt Cui in "March in a Small Town" is integrated into Xiao Hong's own life experience. Childhood trauma is difficult to heal, and later suffered setbacks and suffered from love. Loneliness and melancholy from childhood soaked Xiao Hong's heart, making emotional experience backlog and condensed into a heavy psychological knot. She prefers living at home.
In the spiritual world I experienced in my heart, I repeatedly chewed the difficulty of survival and the pain of love. The end of March in a small town is a sad song in my heart and a poem full of sadness;
Why don't spring come earlier, come to our city for a few more days, and then slowly go to another city and stay in another city for a few more days.
But that's impossible. The fate of spring is so short. Young girls, in twos and threes, got into the carriage and went to choose materials, because they were going to change into spring clothes. They are eager to make scissors and clothes, trying to pretend that they are as good as they think. They were busy day and night, and soon their spring clothes were changed.
, but there is no carriage carrying Aunt Cui.
This seems to be a poetic, brisk and sad ballad. Xiao Hong's description of March in early spring contains deep melancholy, heavy sadness and rebellious struggle, revealing a touch of sadness. Especially the last sentence of the work: "I just didn't see the carriage carrying Aunt Cui", which left a deep mourning and injury.
Pain makes people feel a kind of sadness that permeates people's hearts, a feeling of clinging to hope in endless pain, a passion to vent anger and call for better humanity, and gives people a special feeling-pleasure in pain, which is the aesthetic feeling of melancholy beauty.
Literature, as an art, has aesthetic characteristics. The beauty in literature is not happiness in reality, on the contrary, it always appears from the regret of life. Baudelaire once pointed out: "I can hardly imagine any kind of' beauty' without' misfortune'." Attending1921year, Akhmatova's predecessor.
Gumilyov was shot for being wrongly declared an "enemy of the people". Although Akhmatova and Gu Milev divorced long ago, she was still regarded as Gu Milev, the widow of an executed Bolshevik enemy, who was slandered and slandered. And her later husband, art historian Pu.
Ning was also put in prison. Puning spent 17 years in prison and exile and died in prison on 1953. Lev, Akhmatova's only son? Gumilyov was arrested and imprisoned three times in 1935, 1938 and 1949 because his father was a "counter-revolutionary", and he was not freed until 1956. As a woman,
Who is more unfortunate than Akhmatova? The poetess visited her son in prison many times in 1930s. According to her own misfortune,
Experience composed a requiem-touching and tearful.
Lyric poems. In this group of poems, the poet wrote:
They took you away at dawn,
I followed you like a funeral,
The children hid in the dark room and cried.
Tears welled up in front of the shrine. __
This is a woman with a broken body.
This is a lonely woman,
The husband went to the grave, the son went to prison,
Please pray for me for a while!
Hegel believes that the real meaning of tragedy cannot be understood from the superficial meaning of the word "tragedy". For example, someone dies and someone is executed, which is sad, but not necessarily a tragedy. Only when a person encounters an innocent disaster or injustice can it be called a tragedy. An de Akhmatova
Song of the Soul laments a mother's extreme pain when her son was innocently arrested and imprisoned, and expresses her anxiety about the fate of the Russian motherland and millions of people. Akhmatova is not only writing about her son, but also writing about all the mothers who are deeply hurt and crying-
East and West, Past and Present, Russia and China. The poet explores the true meaning of tragedy from the profound social content contained in personal tragedy. The poet went to visit her son, and someone told her, "You are the 300th P who sent something to the prisoner." However, everyone knows that "300" is
Imaginary numbers have many meanings. Many outstanding party member and innocent people were arrested and killed indiscriminately, which is a great tragedy of the whole nation. In his poems, the poet indignantly pointed out: "Faced with this tragic situation, P Mountain had to bend over and P River had to stop flowing." Listening to Akhmatova's requiem, how can we?
If you are not afraid of those cruel killings, how can you not feel pity for those murdered souls? Requiem is an unparalleled epic of the Soviet Union, which sings a sad song for the fate of mankind. Due to the tragic emotion and psychology of the lyric hero, Requiem is full of richness.
Tragic emotional atmosphere and depressed and sad mood. It not only entrusts the poet with his own painful soul, but also entrusts the souls of many lonely mothers. The melancholy beauty in this elegy is expressed in the form of the destruction of beauty, arousing people's pursuit of beauty in a sad way, thus causing people to fall into
Melancholy, sadness and grief lead to the sublimation of rational knowledge through the great shock of emotion: can the history of Soviet countries be in another way, or is everything that has happened inevitable and there is no choice? How to sum up historical experience and lessons to pave the way for the future? This is also a requiem.
The melancholy beauty contained in this poem leaves us with today's thinking.
From the aesthetic point of view, tragedy, as a philosophical poem, seriously discusses the status of human beings in the world, puts forward the deepest problems in life, and shows the thinking and exploration of human survival situation, human value and the meaning of life. Xiao Hong came from the vast rural areas in northern China in the 20th century.
In the 1930 s, it was saturated with real and historical sufferings. With a keen eye, Xiao Hong revealed the living conditions and primary colors of ordinary people in China at that time: "In the countryside, people and animals are busy with life and death together", "In the countryside, they will never know and experience the soul, only things.
Quality to enrich them. "A muddleheaded, horrible life scene. In an almost absurd form, the works reveal the dullness, boredom and numbness of ordinary China people's life process. As Hu Feng wrote in Life and Death Field? As "Reading Postscript" analyzes, farmers "live like mosquitoes and breed indiscriminately.
Die in a mess, with their own blood and sweat, their own lives, enriched the earth, planted food, raised livestock, and crawled diligently under the power of natural tyrants and two-legged tyrants. "The works describe the life of farmers as death and a life worse than death for death.
Life truly shows the tragic fate of farmers, which makes readers feel strongly shocked involuntarily. In The Field of Life and Death, the deep sufferings of rural women are vividly reproduced. Xiao Hong put her lonely and painful soul and unhappy life feelings into her pen.
Female image below: Aunt Wu's sister gave birth to a child. In order not to "press firewood (wealth)", she removed the mat and rolled up firewood, climbing naked on the dusty heatable adobe sleeping platform. A man, like a madman, was cold and rude, holding up a large basin of cold water and throwing it at his mother, but she "still sat there with her stomach full of cold water." she
Hardly dare to move ""Don't let her hum at all, miserable woman, if there is a hole around her, she will jump in! If there is poison around, she will swallow it! "The most beautiful woman in the fishing village", gentle and affectionate Yue Ying, was tortured by her husband's indifference and despotism, twisting her white hips.
Colored maggots. Her teeth turned green and her legs stretched out in front of her like two white bamboo poles, and she died miserably. Jin Zhi and Ye Cheng had a sweet tryst. At that time, "there was a woman in a man's heart", but when a man married a woman, he "no longer cared about her" and was just born?
Long-lost Jin Zhi was furious and fell to the ground alive, then threw it into a messy grave. Three days later, young Jinzhi went there to see the children, but he saw nothing. "Nothing was pulled by the dog." . Ten years later, Jin Zhi became a widow, went to Harbin to make a living and returned home humiliated.
. Wang Po, kind and stubborn, was miraculously resurrected when his son was killed by the government and took poison in grief and despair. Ten years later, the village organized secret anti-Japanese activities. She hid guns, stood guard and distributed leaflets to the anti-Japanese volunteers. She knew the national justice and silently endured her daughter's sacrifice.
The sadness of animals. The tragic life experiences of five aunts, Yue Ying, Jin Zhi and Wang Po, are shocking and make people cry. Xiao Hong vividly shows the life state of women who are born strong and struggle when they die in real society. Behind the pages of text condensed by Xiao Hong's nausea and bleeding.
Later, she expressed grief and indignation at her unfortunate life experience, showed deep concern for the fate of slave women, poured sincere sympathy on their tragic fate, and also showed strong condolences. She depicts these female images with strong melancholy colors, and puts their kindness,
Simplicity, beauty, gentleness, diligence and resistance float on deep melancholy and sadness, forming melancholy beauty.
When analyzing the melancholy and sentimental emotions in Byron's poems, belinsky once wrote: "Any great poet is great because his pain and happiness have infiltrated into the soil of society and history. If you want to guess the mystery of Byron's infinite great poet's melancholy poems, you must first guess.
The secrets of his time. "Lu this passage also applies to and xiao hong. The Russian nation has gone through hardships, the natural conditions are cold, the tsarist autocracy and serfdom are barbaric, decadent and reactionary, and the nation has no freedom at all. /kloc-the whole Russian literature at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century was due to darkness.
The times are shrouded in a thick layer of melancholy. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's dark society has also cast a heavy melancholy atmosphere on this vast land of China. The melancholy in Akhmatova and Xiao Hong's creation comes from the melancholy of that era, from their family environment, from their bumpy experiences, from their unfortunate love, from their wandering and from her.
The melancholy beauty contained in their poems drifted in the lonely life journey of Akhmatova and Xiao Hong, and also drifted in the land of China and Russia.