(A) reading prose, to clear the characteristics of prose.
In terms of content, prose can write people, notes, landscapes and things, but it is always a part of the author's deeply understood life experience. What seems ordinary, after the author digs from the depths, has a novel meaning. It is necessary to sort out what materials to choose and what the central idea is. When reading prose, you should know the following characteristics of prose in form:
1, often based on personal lyricism, lyricism, narration and discussion are integrated into one furnace;
2. Always use a pen to start with the details, see the big picture from the small, and show the author's feelings through the description of the details;
3. It is often suggested from the side that readers' imagination should be brought into play to stimulate their association;
4, often free to write, flexible structure, but scattered shape.
(B) reading prose, to understand the classification of prose.
Prose has great differences in content, structure and language due to different categories.
1, lyric prose Lyric prose mainly expresses the feelings of real life and the author's feelings, or expresses the feelings with objects or scenery, and often directly expresses one's feelings and feelings, such as Praise of Poplar.
2. Narrative prose. Narrative prose is mainly a narrator, and its characteristics are: narrative, incomplete but concentrated plot; Writing people, the image is not full but vivid, and the feelings in narrative prose penetrate between the lines of the article, such as "The Back".
(3), reading prose, to learn to grasp the clues, literacy.
Grab the clue. Prose clue is the red line of article structure. Grasping the clue also grasps the author's train of thought. Seeing what is the combination of form and spirit is to grasp the clues of prose. Clues in prose can be based on the needs of the center of the article, with things as the line and things as the line; You can take people as the line and love as the line; You can also take time as the line and place as the line. There are several ways to find clues:
1, understand the genre classification and expression of the article (whether to describe people with things or express feelings through things).
2. Pay attention to the title of the article (some titles directly reveal clues, and some titles contain clues)
3. Pay attention to the repeated words and sentences in the text.
4. Pay special attention to the lyricism in the article, because the emotion in prose is usually an important clue to the organization of the article.
Have culture. Yan Wen refers to words or sentences that can point out the content, emotion and layout of an article, and is the finishing touch of the article. If you can read prose, you have the key to getting started. The text is usually at the beginning or end of the article, some are titles and some are embedded in the article. For example, the latter is to grasp the latter proposition and organize the materials. The back appeared four times in the text, and each time the situation was different. Expressing the affectionate thoughts and feelings of father and son is in the same strain, and the back is both a clue and a literary eye. For example, in Praise for Poplar, the author emphasized several times that Poplar is extraordinary, and I want to praise Poplar. This symbolic lyric sentence is exactly where the text is. If you grasp it, you will grasp the author's emotional pulse and grasp the key to reading.
(4) When reading prose, you should be able to use your imagination and understand the artistic conception.
The artistic conception of prose is the artistic realm formed by the fusion of the life picture described in the article and the thoughts and feelings expressed in it. When reading prose, we should understand the meaning and taste of the language as thoroughly as possible, be close to the author's interest, and be immersive.
(5), reading prose, to accurately try to figure out the text, taste the language.
The language of prose is more rigorous and concise than other styles. To taste language, we should not only try to figure out the literal meaning, but also understand the author's life experience and emotion, especially analyze how the author can make the language produce special aesthetic effects through positive rhetoric and emotional expression. For example, in Spring, the author uses accurate and vivid words to express the characteristics of spring scenery. For example, when writing spring grass, write the characteristics of spring grass with light green and soft. In the passage of writing spring flowers, the noise of bees writes out dense flowers and thick floral fragrance, which renders the atmosphere of flowers competing for spring and presents a picture full of spring breath in front of readers; A large number of wonderful figurative sentences and anthropomorphic sentences are used to express the characteristics of scenery and express inner feelings. Metaphorical sentences, such as writing spring flowers, use fire, clouds and snow to compare the colors of peach blossoms, apricot blossoms and pear blossoms, which reminds people of blazing fire, gorgeous clouds and noble snow and gives people a good feeling. Writing about wild flowers on the ground, like eyes and stars, makes people seem to see the moving scene of wild flowers everywhere in the spring breeze and sunshine. The three figurative sentences at the end are novel and profound. Brand-new appearance, colorful charm and youthful vitality are the characteristics of spring that the author grasps and sincerely praises. Anthropomorphic sentences, such as: writing about the return of spring to the earth, saying that the footsteps of spring are approaching, personifying spring, making readers seem to see her coming towards us step by step, setting a lively and lively lyric melody for the full text, and setting off a poetic atmosphere; Writing spring flowers, you won't let me, I won't let you, all of them are full of flowers, vividly writing the modality of flowers competing for spring.
Second, the main points and skills of short reading
(1). Grasp the content and summarize the theme of the article.
Prose has a wide range of materials, free writing and rich thoughts and feelings, so accurately grasping the theme of the article is also one of the test sites of prose. The ways to grasp the theme of prose are:
1. Find the central sentences, hints and keywords that suggest the theme of the article and summarize the theme of the article.
2. To sum up from the selected materials, the materials serve the center of the article. We can see what kind of views, attitudes and feelings are expressed by the materials selected in the article, and find out the theme that the author wants to express.
Examination form: directly summarize the theme of the full text or a paragraph or the author's thoughts and feelings.
Key point: (1) Use the original words as much as possible. (2) When the original words are not available, we should pay attention to the accuracy and hierarchy of language expression, so as to be concise and not to miss the answer points.
(B) clear the context of the article, grasp the order
In order to express his thoughts and feelings, the author will carefully organize and select materials; In terms of expression, we strive for perfection, paying special attention to the order, level and proper limit of words used in expression. The order in prose generally includes: material selection order, paragraph order, sentence order and word order. For example, clues are the criteria for the author to choose materials, which we call clues figuratively. It is the context in which the author chooses the material or describes the narrative. For example, "Back" takes the father's back as a clue; "Mr. Fujino" is based on my contact with Mr. Fujino and my patriotic thoughts and feelings.
Form of examination questions: directly ask what the clue of the article is or talk about the basis of the author's selection of materials.
Key points: Find clues and answer questions flexibly. The key is to be able to judge accurate clues.
(3) Taste the language
In prose reading, this is a major test site, but also the focus and difficulty of examination. Can contain many small items, the analysis is as follows:
1, meaning: the original text gives a word pinyin, so you can write the word according to the context and pinyin and explain the meaning of the word in combination with the context. Fill in the words by usual accumulation, and explain the words by the context in which they are located. Thinking of answering questions: ① consider the theme of the article or paragraph and answer the meaning of the word in combination with the theme; ② Infer according to the content and meaning of sentences before and after words. Note: If you know the original meaning of the word, you must not ignore the meaning of the word in the context.
2. The clever use of words
Examination form: evaluate the function of the added words (clever use) or whether the added words can be deleted.
Thinking of answering questions: ① Explain the meaning of words (in context). ② Expression. The expressive function of words should be answered in combination with the context or theme. The function of words in expressing the author's thoughts, feelings or themes can sometimes be considered in describing the artistic conception of scenery or the character. ③ Reflect the accuracy or vividness of words.
3. The deep meaning of philosophical statement
Such problems are often combined with developmental problems. Sometimes, we simply test the meaning of philosophical sentences. The key to such an examination is to grasp the central word and understand the deep meaning and pun meaning of the word.
4. Understand the function of sentences. Structurally, it should be analyzed from the following aspects: guiding the full text, connecting the preceding with the following, coordinating before and after, paving the way for the following, promoting the development of the plot, indicating the theme and summarizing the above. Content and theme: point out the main idea and deepen the theme.
5. The role of expression
An article or a paragraph is usually based on an expression. In order to express the needs of the theme, several expressions are often used comprehensively, and sometimes the functions of other expressions are investigated (or disguised), and sometimes rhetoric is incorporated here.
Description of the function of (1)
The description in prose mainly includes scenery description and character description. Scenery description mainly examines the role of artistic conception description. When answering questions, the focus is on the role of scenery description in expressing the thoughts and feelings of the author or character. It is necessary to strictly distinguish the difference between novel scenery description and prose scenery description (novel scenery description is to render the atmosphere or explain the season to set off the characters; Prose scenery description directly expresses the author's thoughts, feelings or themes); The description of characters is mainly about appearance, manners, movements and psychology, and the relevant details deserve attention. Character description mainly highlights the character's ideological character.
(2) the role of discussion
The discussion in prose is often aimed at revealing the theme of the article or combining with lyricism to express the author's thoughts and feelings. Generally, this test center does not have a separate topic.
(3) the role of lyricism
Pay attention to the author's ideological and emotional tendencies. Generally, the questions are not given separately, but often combined with the test sites of word expression.
6. Expression skills
Generally speaking, the method of writing must be the method of writing a paragraph or an article. Common expression skills are:
(1) Write about the beauty of scenery-expressing feelings through scenery, loving scenery, melting scenery and feeling scenery.
(2) chanting things-supporting things and expressing one's heart.
Sometimes it is also used for foil, contrast, profile description, symbol, pawn, implication, dynamic and static combination (dynamic and static combination, dynamic and static combination), and virtual and real combination (writing virtual realism, containing virtual realism and combining virtual and real).
7. Developmental test questions
Talking about feelings is a hot topic in the developmental test questions of prose reading, which can be divided into: (1) description object; (2) Emotion towards characters; (3) Taste expressive language; (4) Put forward your own opinions and questions about some contents or forms of the article. This test center is flexible and changeable. -the key to grasp is ① to accurately understand the meaning of the original text and the author's thoughts and feelings. (2) Have your own clear views or attitudes, and don't be ambiguous. When answering questions, the language should be fluent. There should be no ill sentences, and the language should be hierarchical. You can quote poems or famous sayings to answer this question.
Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice, rather than deliberately pursuing the systematicness and integrity of Chinese knowledge. Chinese is a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be more directly exposed to Chinese materials and master the rules of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese exercises. To this end, in the usual Chinese teaching, in addition to the teaching guidance of prose knowledge points and reading methods, it is more important to strengthen practice guidance, read more, practice more and consolidate more, and learn from in-class to out-of-class, so that students can master the reading methods of prose, understand the rules and methods of answering questions.