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Alternative medical system acupuncture? Anthropology studies medicine? Ayurveda? Chiropractic? Herbology? Homeopathy? Physical therapy? Neurotherapy? Osteoporosis? Traditional medicine (Chinese? Tibetan)
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The whole medical system? Physical and mental intervention? Biology-based therapy? Control therapy? Energy therapy
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Alternative medicine? Alternative medical vocabulary? List of alternative medical personnel
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Traditional Chinese Medicine/Dry Goods Shop in Tsim Sha Tsui (also known as TCM, Simplified Chinese: Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chinese medicine: Chinese medicine; Pinyin: zhō ngyī) includes a series of traditional medical practices that originated in China. In most parts of the western world, it is regarded as a supplementary or alternative medical system, while in most parts of Asia, it is still a form of primary health care.
Chinese medicine practice includes herbal medicine, acupuncture, diet therapy, massage and shiatsu massage. Usually, Qigong and Taiji are also closely related to TCM.
The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is extremely complicated, which originated from the careful observation of nature, universe and human body thousands of years ago. The main theories include yin and yang, five elements, human meridian system, viscera theory, six elements and four layers.
Content [hide]
1 history
1. 1 Ancient (Classic) History of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1.2 Timeline
2 theory
2. 1 Basic theory and model of human body
2.2 Modern Chinese medicine theory
3 diagnosis
3. 1 technology
Four treatment methods
5 branches
6 scientific view
6. 1 efficacy
6.2 safety
6.2. 1
anaphylactic reaction
Toxins and pollutants
6.2.4 Lack of standardization
Fuzzy naming
7 Relationship with Western Medicine
8 animal products
9 Objection
10 modernization
1 1 See also.
12 Footnote
13 reference
14 further reading
15 external link
15. 1 online database
[Edit] History
[Editor] History of Ancient (Classic) Chinese Medicine
Symbol of Yin and Yang Many philosophies of traditional medicine in China are based on the same philosophical basis as Taoist and Buddhist philosophies, and reflect the traditional belief of China that individual life and activities are closely related to environments of various scales. [1] People also noticed that early Chinese medicine originated from Taoist masters, who had extraordinary feelings about the body and its operation through long meditation. This may be why Chinese medicine has also inherited many principles inherent in Taoism.
During the golden age of his reign, from 2698 BC to 2596 BC, as a result of the dialogue with his minister Qi Bo (Qi Bo), with the support of China tradition, Huangdi compiled his "Su Wen or Nei Dian: Basic Problems", also known as Huangdi Neijing. The title of this book is often misinterpreted as Huangdi Neijing. Modern scholars believe that the existing text of this name was written by an anonymous scholar, not earlier than the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago.
In the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), Zhang Zhongjing (Zhang Zhongjing/Zhang Zhongjing) of Hippocrates in China, who was the mayor of Changsha at the end of the 2nd century AD, wrote a paper on frostbite, including the earliest known Neijing. Another outstanding doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty was Hua Tuo (about 140- about 208 AD), who anesthetized patients with the formula of wine and hemp powder during the operation. Hua's physical therapy, surgical therapy and herbal therapy are also used to treat headache, dizziness, worms in the body, fever, cough, throat obstruction, and even to diagnose that a woman has a stillbirth that needs to be removed. Huangfu Mi (AD 2 15-282), a practitioner and advocate of acupuncture in Jin Dynasty, also quoted the words of the Yellow Emperor in his A-B Sutra /A-B Sutra. In 265 ad. In the Tang Dynasty, Bing Wang claimed to have found an original copy of "Su Wen in Neijing", and he expanded and edited it a lot. In a.d. 1 1 century, an imperial committee re-examined this work.
In the Middle Ages, Chinese medicine made remarkable progress. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) (reigned from 649 to 683) commissioned scholars to compile a Compendium of Materia Medica in 657, which recorded 833 kinds of medicinal substances from stones, minerals, metals, plants, herbs, animals, vegetables, fruits and cereal crops. [2] Scholar-bureaucrat Su Song (1020-101) not only systematically classified herbs and minerals according to their medicinal uses, but also was interested in zoology. [3][4][5][6] For example, Su made a systematic description of animal species and their living environment, such as Eriocheir sinensis found in Huaihe River flowing through Anhui, waterways near Beijing and reservoirs and swamps in Hebei. [7]
Contact with western culture and medicine has not replaced Chinese medicine. Although there may be traditional factors in the continuous practice, two reasons are the most obvious in the spread of traditional Chinese medicine to the west in recent decades. First of all, many people think that Chinese medicine therapy is very effective. Sometimes, when western medicine therapy fails or cannot provide treatment, especially for routine diseases such as influenza and allergies, or when western medicine cannot relieve the suffering of patients with chronic diseases, Chinese medicine therapy can play a role in treating the symptoms rather than the root cause. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to be effective in treating chronic functional diseases (such as migraine and osteoarthritis) and has been traditionally used to treat a variety of functional diseases. Second, traditional Chinese medicine provides an alternative method, which is costly and unaffordable for many people or has no insurance. There are also many people who turn to traditional Chinese medicine to avoid the side effects of drugs.
At least some sinologists regard Chinese medicine in the past few centuries as a part of cultural evolution, from witches blaming evil spirits for diseases to "primitive science" communication systems; [8] Any mention of supernatural power is usually the result of poor translation or understanding of romanticism, which can not be found in Taoist-inspired acupuncture classics such as Huangdi Neijing. The development of this system, in its history, is suspected and widely analyzed. Its practice and development have ups and downs in the centuries and cultures it has gone through [9], but this system still survives today. Indeed, the emphasis on pragmatism from the beginning, not necessarily the understanding of the mechanism of action, hindered its modern acceptance in the West. Although in the early18th century, "acupuncture and wormwood were taken for granted in the upper class of Europe".
The term "TCM" describes the modern Chinese medicine practice brought about by the large-scale reform after People's Republic of China (PRC) 1950. The term "classical Chinese medicine" (CCM) usually refers to the medical practice that relied on the theories and methods before the demise of the Qing Dynasty (19 1 1). Supporters of CCM believe that it is less influenced by western and political agendas than traditional Chinese medicine.
[Edit] Timeline
Medicinal liquor soaked with Lycium barbarum, iguana and ginseng is sold in a traditional medicine market in Xi 'an. The history of TCM can be summarized by a series of important doctors and books.
Unknown, Huángd nèij and ng (Huangdi Neijing) -sù wè n (plain question/plain question) and Língshū (spiritual pivot/spiritual pivot). The earliest classics of traditional Chinese medicine have been passed down to this day.
Warring States Period (5th century BC to 22nd BC1year): Silk script recording meridians, moxibustion meridian of eleven veins of foot arthralgia, moxibustion meridian of eleven veins of yin and yang. The latter is a part of a batch of documents discovered in Mawangdui in AD1970s.
From the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) to the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280 AD):
Hu àTuo (Hua Tuo/Hua Tuo)' s Zhen Jing of Moxibustion Bell in Pillow'.
The treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases is divided into two parts: treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases, which focuses on the condition of "cold" in February, and synopsis of the golden chamber by zhā ng zh ò ngj ǐ ng (Zhang Zhongjing/Zhang Zhongjing).
Jin Dynasty (265-420): The Classic of Acupuncture System by Hu Anfu Mi (Huangfu Mi/Huangfu Mi).
Tang dynasty (618–907)
S ū n s and mi m?o (Sun Simiao/Sun Simiao)' s Bei Ji Qian Jin Fang Yao (emergency formula of $1,000 worth of gold) and Qianjin Fang Yi (formula supplement of $1,000 worth of gold).
Wang Tao's Outside Yao Mi.
Song dynasty (960–1279):
Illustrated Manual of Acupuncture Practice (Communication) (and others). Acupoints used with bronze statues) Wang (Wang).
Yuan Dynasty (127 1 to 1368):shísějěng fāHu (Four Great Ten Taoist Exhibitions) Hu áShu (Hua Shou/Hua Shou).
Ming dynasty (1368 to 1644): the golden age of acupuncture. Many famous doctors and books. Just a few examples:
Complete works of acupuncture and moxibustion by Xu Feng.
"Zhēnjiǔ Acupuncture Collection" by Gao Wu.
Yang Zhenning's Outline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion! U (Yang Jizhou/Yang Jizhou), completed in 160 1.
BěNC? Oga ngm? (Compendium of Materia Medica) by L ǐ Shí zhē n (Li Shizhen/Li Shizhen) is the most complete and comprehensive pre-modern herbal book (completed at 1578).
Wen Yi Lun (febrile diseases/febrile diseases) is written by Wu Youxing (1642).
Qing dynasty (1644- 19 12):
Wu Quan (Janice/Janice) was commissioned to compile The Golden Mirror of Zong Yi.
Li Xuechuan (Li Xuechuan/Li Xuechuan)' s True Moxibustion and Abundance (the Source of Acupuncture)'.
On Warmth, by Ye (Ye/Ye).
1798 Wu Jutong Wu Jutong's Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases. [ 1 1]
Theory
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The dried plant and animal parts are used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are dried Ganoderma lucidum, snake, tortoise plastron, Siraitia grosvenorii and various ginseng in the image. The basic principles of traditional Chinese medicine are not necessarily unified, but are based on several schools. Accepted Chinese medicine can prove to be influenced by Taoism, Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism. [ 12]
Since 1200 BC, scholars of various schools in China have been paying attention to the observable natural laws in the universe and their influence on the actual characteristics of human position in the universe. In the Book of Changes and other China literary and philosophical classics, China writers described the general principles and their application in health and treatment.
Poquet, a doctor of western medicine, put China's medical theory in this background:
Like many other sciences in China, TCM defines data on the basis of induction and comprehensive cognitive model. Inductance corresponds to the logical connection between two effective positions that exist in different positions in space at the same time. (On the contrary, causality is the logical connection between two effective positions given at the same place and different time in space. In other words, the effects based on spatially separated but temporally simultaneous positions are mutually inductive, so they are called inductive effects. In the western science before the development of electrodynamics and nuclear physics (electrodynamics and nuclear physics are basically based on induction), the inductive relationship is limited to the secondary use in primitive science such as astrology. As a result of two thousand years' knowledge tradition, westerners now insist on the habit of establishing causal connection first, while inductive connection, if any, is only an afterthought. This habit is still considered as the biggest obstacle to fully appreciate China's science, especially Chinese medicine. In view of such different cognitive bases, many obvious similarities between China's traditional science and European science that attract the attention of positivists have been proved to be false. [ 13]
[Editor] Basic theories and models of the body
Chart of old Chinese medicine for acupuncture and moxibustion of meridians
Interaction of Five Elements-Balanced Period and Unbalanced Period
The following words need to be coordinated with the words in the Chinese medicine model of the human body.
Traditional Chinese medicine is largely based on the philosophical concept that the human body is a small universe with a set of complete and complex interrelated systems, which usually work in a balanced way to maintain the healthy function of the human body. The balance of yin and yang is considered to be related to qi (breathing, vitality or spiritual energy), blood, essence (kidney essence, including semen), other body fluids, five elements, emotions and soul or spirit (spirit). Traditional Chinese medicine has a unique body model, especially related to the meridian system. Different from the western anatomical model that divides the body into different parts, China model pays more attention to function. Therefore, the spleen of TCM is not a specific piece of meat, but an aspect of the function related to transformation and transportation in the body, as well as the spiritual function of thinking and research.
There are significant geographical and philosophical differences between practitioners and schools, which in turn will lead to differences in practice and theory.
Theories used by Chinese medicine to describe the human body include:
Meridian, also known as "meridian"
five elements
air
Triple focus is also called triple focus, triple focus or triple focus.
yin and yang
Zangfu theory
The theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements can be applied to various systems other than human body, while the theory of viscera, meridian and triple energizer are more specific.
There are also independent models suitable for specific pathological effects, such as the four-stage theory of the development of febrile diseases, the six-level theory of the infiltration of cold diseases and the eight-principle system of disease classification.
[Editor] Modern Chinese Medicine Theory
This section needs more details, quotes, better links, or all three. Also: How common is the view that there is some connection between TCM and fractal? Someone must have come up with this idea. Who is it?
The third philosophy: fractal (similarity) view [14]
Qi is a mixed unified flow of "information-energy-matter" [15], gas set, gas element and sub-gas set.
Mathematical physics yin or yang
TCM fractal set [16]
Fractal yin-yang set: Df= 1.
Fractal five-element set: Df= 1.4650, yin-yang five-element set Df=2.0959. [ 17]
Fractal viscera-state theory: [18] Heart system, liver system, spleen system, lung system and kidney system.
Fractal meridians (meridians (Chinese medicine) Luo Jing), meridians and reticular network, no blood vessels. The meridians of traditional Chinese medicine are fractal, complex, pluralistic, rough, unobstructed and tubeless anatomical structures. [ 19]
[Edit] Diagnosis