First, in the first half of the 20th century, professional social work began to teach sociology, social service and other courses in Chinese universities, and some university teachers and students began to engage in social service activities. At the same time, some intellectuals with formal education in the west launched the rural construction movement in order to save the country and the people and save the country. Although these practical activities did not achieve the expected results because of the war and other reasons, they are still of great significance in the history of social work development in China.
Second, 1949 the formation stage of non-specialized social work mode in the post-planned economy period. After more than 30 years of planned economy and? Unit system? During the implementation period, the government, through its representatives, various social organizations and units, and state cadres, provided the people with living resources and help within its capacity through administrative procedures and means, thus forming an administrative non-professional social work model to solve social problems with an administrative framework.
Third, after the mid-1980s, professional social work was in the primary stage of propaganda, advocacy and establishment in China. From 65438 to 0979, the state decided to resume sociology, and social work courses as applied sociology were also resumed in some universities. With what? Separation of government from enterprise? With the implementation of the reform policy, the functions of the government and mass organizations have changed from management-oriented to service-oriented, and the requirements of civil affairs departments for knowledge and specialization of cadres have improved, social work as a professional requirement has naturally been put on the agenda. 1986, the state decided to set up social work and management majors in Peking University and other schools, so that professional social work education started and resumed in China. At the same time, civil affairs and other departments provide on-the-job training for cadres and teach social work content, forming a development pattern of combining administrative social work with professional social work in the past.
Reform and opening up, especially the establishment of the socialist market economic system and the acceleration of social structure transformation in the 1990 s, all kinds of? Adaptability? The emergence of social problems can only be solved within the existing social structure and social system framework, which provides a way to solve social problems. Folk channels? The solution enables social work to develop rapidly, and its main driving factors are: people's means of relying on relatives to solve difficulties are weakening day by day; The support of government departments has gradually increased; System reform makes social service function return to society; The development of a certain social level corresponding to the development of market economy; The recovery, development and expansion of professional social work in China have embarked on the road of standardization.
Second, the status quo of social work in China Social work is an indispensable part of modern social structure, an important social mechanism and institutional arrangement to compensate social changes, correct market failures, pursue social equity and improve human welfare, and an important social mechanism for capitalism to seek social control. Its basic function is to meet human needs by solving social problems. This means that social work has universal applicability across social system, nation-state and cultural values, which means that social work is also applicable to socialist countries, because the pursuit of a happy and beautiful life is the common need of human society and the main component of universal human nature. Since the reform and opening up, China society has entered an unprecedented period of earth-shaking structural transformation. The speed, scope, impact and influence of social transformation are unprecedented. At the same time, social problems abound, social irregularities abound, and deviant behaviors are common. Social integration, social order and social management have become the most important, which provides a golden opportunity for social work and also poses a great challenge to social workers. At the same time, the lifestyle of China people has also undergone tremendous changes. The life of urban and rural residents has moved from food and clothing to a well-off life, and the quality of life has generally improved. The content and level of basic needs have undergone structural changes. With China's entry into WTO and economic globalization, the Ministry of Globalization and Welfare has added new impetus to the development of social work in China. How to integrate China with the general principles of international social work and how to communicate and cooperate with the international social work community has become a top priority; Social work and social policy play an important role in eliminating poverty, solving social problems, meeting the basic needs of vulnerable groups, pursuing equality, promoting social development and improving the quality of life of citizens.
At this stage, social work has the following main problems in real life:
On the one hand, the professional understanding and social understanding of the concept of social work are full of ambiguity, the professional image is humble and low, and the professional education is abnormally developed. However, graduates lack a clear job market and their professional status is out of the question. Sure, okay? However, the expected prosperity did not appear, which formed a strange phenomenon that social demand was seriously divorced from the development of social work itself.
On the other hand, employees in social welfare institutions are aging, with outdated knowledge and low level of specialization, and a large number of professionally trained social workers are urgently needed. However, graduates majoring in social work who have undergone professional training are objectively difficult to enter welfare institutions and subjectively unwilling to enter welfare institutions, which leads to a serious disconnect between the social needs of welfare institutions and social work education.
Third, social work in China is still there? Government-led enterprise participation? Social work mechanism, almost all the functions and responsibilities that should be undertaken by society are undertaken by the government or not? Quasi-government? The organization is arranged, but the enterprise still takes internal interests as the main orientation within a certain scope. Do you still do so if possible? Running a club? A large number of institutions are self-contained Business society? As a result, a large number of social welfare resources are stranded in enterprises, institutions and government departments, and social welfare institutions lack lackeys, welfare resources are scarce, welfare resources are occupied by units, and welfare resources are allocated administratively.
Fourth, the contradiction between the professionalization and specialization of social work and the old system, old ideas and old working methods, and the low level of professional social work can not adapt to the challenges brought by social work; Lack of social recognition of social work, lack of professional teaching materials and teachers; Theoretical construction is lagging behind, lack of experience, huge social work system has not yet been established, and so on.
From the above aspects, we can see that professional social work in China is still facing an unchangeable dilemma. Independent occupations have not yet been formed, and there are very few real social workers. Social work education is still in an unstable development state, and it faces the challenge between internationalization and localization, as well as the difficulty of integrating theory with practice; Since the reform and opening up, the achievements of social organizations in developing social welfare and welfare undertakings have begun to attract the attention of society and academia, but the government and? The third department? There is still a long way to go to establish partnership and trust between them. The great social changes that have taken place in China and the changes in the new century provide a broad space for the development of social work, but there is no way out for the development of social work education, which is quite weak in terms of theoretical basis and practical experience. However, from another perspective, the development of social work in China is also facing three kinds of tensions, namely, how to treat the social work experience that has existed for a hundred years in the world, especially in western countries, how to treat the historical tradition of solving social problems in the planned economy period after China 1949, and how to judge the direction and process of social transformation in China and the demand for social work. Therefore, on the one hand, we must face the past of social work in international development rigorously; On the other hand, we should seriously understand the past, understand the institutional environment and problems of social work development in China at this stage, and focus on the innovative development of localized social work.
Third, the path of social work practice in China China has a unique definition of the service content and practice scope of social work, and there are also many definitions of the field and practice content of social work, mainly as follows:
First, according to the existing social work practice and the current situation of international social work, the scope includes social relief, social welfare, social security, social education, social transformation, social mediation, social service, social administration and social management;
Second, social work hours include social relief, welfare security, democratic reform and spiritual civilization, and pay attention to solving social problems through multiple channels, forms and levels;
Third, social work services include social transformation such as social welfare, social insurance, social services and changing customs;
Fourth, the fields of social work include investigation and consultation, civil affairs, social assistance, social welfare, social services, organizing mass organizations such as workers and young women, social protection and social insurance, street residents' work, reforming and saving criminals, etc.
In a word, the content of social work service in China is increasing and the field of work is expanding. Social work with China's characteristics is concentrated in urban and rural community organizations, and the scope of social work service is gradually obvious with the trend of social welfare, social policy and social service in Europe and America. The experience of social work development at home and abroad shows that social work fully meets the needs of China society, especially in the process of social structure transformation and modernization of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Social work is a master's major with the core goal of meeting people's basic needs. The main work situation is social welfare institutions, and social work and social welfare system are the relationship between specialty and discipline, means and purpose. There are many different orientations of social construction of social work concept in China society, which directly affects the development of professional social work. At present, social workers are mainly concentrated in labor, civil affairs, workers, young women and non-governmental welfare organizations, and social work services are extensive. The non-professional social work practice led by the government and its transformation and transition are the basic characteristics of the social work service system. Under the current situation of social structural transformation and social modernization, social work in China should play a more active role in prevention and development, and position itself in social stability and social development. The article comes from the secretary 1 14, and the information on this website belongs to the secretary 1 14. Hover the mouse over it and follow the prompts to see more information in Secretary 1 14. The transformation of social structure and social modernization provide a golden opportunity for the development of social work. Democratic political development, economic development, social stability and cultural diversity all urgently need social work. Under the historical background of globalization of welfare environment and rapid development of social work, what kind of model should social work in China adopt? Social work service is the guide, and social work education institutions respond positively? The new development strategy is to realize the strategic transformation and healthy development of social work mode through urban and rural community development, residents' minimum living security and poverty alleviation, serving the elderly and top-down policy promotion.