Homework This research department is a scientific metrology management technology originated from World War II (194 1- 1945). The first operational research group, which was the first to work in the field of operational research, was composed of Dr. P. M. S. Blackett, an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1940, including eleven experts with their own specialties, and made outstanding contributions to the British army's operational achievements.
1942, the U.S. military set up similar homework research groups one after another, and their achievements were also brilliant, which made the world have a profound understanding and understanding of homework research. After the end of World War II, everything was ready. The British and American business circles applied the technology of activity-based research to the reconstruction of all walks of life, actively trained personnel of activity-based research, and widely applied it to planning, production, inventory, market, finance, manpower and other aspects, so as to optimize the allocation of limited resources, improve efficiency, reduce costs and reduce risks.
In the 1950' s, many advanced countries had taught homework research courses in universities, and by the 1960' s, its development was more perfect. Many universities have set up departments or research institutes for this purpose and awarded degrees, such as Harvard, Michigan, Stanford, Berkeley, Wisconsin and Purdue. Many science and business subjects list homework research as a compulsory, compulsory or elective course. At present, most large modern enterprises employ operational researchers to make decisions and analyze various businesses.
Mathematical programming, linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, target programming, dynamic programming, stochastic programming, etc. , graph theory and network, waiting theory (stochastic service system theory, called queuing theory in Chinese mainland), inventory model, game theory, decision theory, maintenance and update theory, search theory, reliability and quality management, etc.
Erlang, the pioneer of waiting theory, put forward some famous waiting theory formulas when he studied telephone communication system in Copenhagen Telephone Company in 2007.
The EOQ formula of inventory model was put forward in the early 1920s.
In business, levinson used the principle of homework research to analyze commercial advertisements and customer psychology in 1930s.
Linear programming is the result published by G.B. Danzig in 1947. The problem solved is put forward in the military planning of the US Air Force, and a simplex method for solving linear programming problems is proposed. As early as 1939, the Soviet scholar season. B. KAHTOPOBHN proposed a model similar to linear programming when solving the problems of industrial production organization and planning, and wrote the solution method of "multiplier solution". Because it was not paid attention to by the superior leaders at that time, until 1960, Kantorovich published the book Economic Calculation of Optimal Resource Utilization again, which won unanimous attention at home and abroad. For this reason, Kantorovich won the Nobel Prize. It is worth mentioning that Dancziger thinks that the linear programming model is influenced by Leonti's input-output model (1932). Von Neumann helped to establish the theory of linear programming. Game theory and economic behavior (1944) co-authored by von Newman and O. Morgenstein is the foundation work of game theory, which has vaguely pointed out the close relationship between game theory and dual theory of linear programming. After linear programming was put forward, it quickly attracted the attention of economists. For example, T. C. Koopmans, an American economist engaged in transportation model research during World War II, quickly saw the significance of linear programming in economic application and called on young economists to pay attention to linear programming. Among them, Arrow, Samuelson, Simon, Dofman and Hurve all won the highest honor and achievement of the Nobel Prize and played an important role in some fields of homework research.