1. History of Modern and Contemporary Literature
(1), exam changes in recent years and countermeasures.
In recent years, the real topic of modern and contemporary literature history of Nanjing Normal University has been changing, from question type to question type. First of all, the literary history of 20 13 was changed from a big synthesis to a small synthesis, that is, only the modern and contemporary literary history was examined. The bibliography mainly includes Zhu Donglin's modern and contemporary literature (Volume I), Qian Liqun's Thirty Years and Hong Zicheng's modern and contemporary literature. 20 15 years, there have been great changes. This reference book replaces the Zhu Donglin version of The History of Literature with Ding Fan's The History of New Literature, and adds 60 fill-in-the-blank questions. These fill-in-the-blank questions are carefully examined, even involving a lot of knowledge from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and almost all of them come from new reference books. By 20 16, the question types changed again, that is, the fill-in-the-blank questions were cancelled, and the questions were more flexible and novel. Many questions were considered as "non-key" by everyone.
Therefore, during my personal preparation for the exam, on the one hand, I prepared various questions, paying special attention to the purpose of filling in the blanks in the history of new literature. When sorting out, it is best to collect the real questions of 20 15, and study the ideas and key examination contents of the questioner against the real questions; On the other hand, due to the increasingly novel and flexible perspective of the topic in the past two years, the content it examines has not changed, and it is still the basic content of the textbook. Therefore, as long as you master the basic knowledge and pay attention to the answering skills, it is not difficult to get high marks.
(2) Review methods
On the one hand, the so-called "literary history" emphasizes its literariness, which we can simply consider as the knowledge point of modern and contemporary literature, on the other hand, it emphasizes "history", which requires us to integrate and sort out the knowledge. For example, we should string the beads with a thread. In fact, these two aspects are inseparable. At the beginning of reviewing knowledge points, we should establish a sense of "history". Below I will talk about my review experience in detail.
First of all, we must firmly grasp the content of the textbook and thoroughly understand it. Secondly, to find a suitable method of reciting, no matter which method you choose, you should recite it on the basis of understanding, try to integrate the language in the textbook into your own language or understand its general meaning before reciting it, and refuse the mechanical method of reciting; In addition, before the end of the day, be sure to spend ten minutes reviewing what you have learned today or recently. I used the "reciting method" when preparing for the exam, that is, I reviewed what I reviewed yesterday the next day. Personally, I think this recitation may be slower than others in the early stage, but it will be repeated several times after review, so that we can better understand and master it. At the same time, we must establish a clear frame structure. After reviewing the knowledge points as a whole (in chronological order), we can try to review them in sections, that is, to integrate knowledge into literary trends, novels, poems, essays, plays and writers' works for review. When reviewing, we should pay attention to comparing the inheritance and differences of the same genre in different periods, as well as the similarities and differences of the same genre or the same writer in different periods. In order to facilitate memory, we can focus on memory and understanding. In addition, we should always pay attention to cultivating our own "comparative" thinking during the whole review process. For example, it is very important that we can compare and remember the writing methods of Lu Xun and Mao Dun. If you study the real questions carefully, Nanjing Normal University especially likes this perspective. For example, the recurring real question "Comparing the similarities and differences between traditional realistic novels and new realistic novels" is a typical representative, and there are many other topics; Finally, we must pay attention to the real questions, especially to carefully study the real questions in the past two years. At that time, I marked all the real questions in the textbook, and I found that the focus of the exam was basically fixed, but the angle of doing the questions changed. This shows that we must thoroughly understand the content of the real question before we can improvise.
(3) answering skills
I took the first test this year 143, and the second test of literary history 139 (the highest score), so some experiences should still have certain reference significance.
First of all, don't worry about answering questions when you see them. First, generally arrange the time for answering each question, so as to be "top-heavy". Remember that your grades will not turn around because of one topic, which is the superposition of each topic, so you should learn to answer questions quantitatively. Then before answering every question, sort out the knowledge points in your mind or simply list them on the draft paper, and remember to write whatever comes to mind, because the history of literature examines not only your knowledge reserve, but also your literary thinking, especially the logical thinking necessary for scholars, so you should indicate 1, 2, 3 ... to answer questions according to a certain structure; In addition, we must follow the idea of "theory+examples". Theoretically, we should first summarize the central meaning with concise words, and then enrich the "point" into "face". For example, we should try to choose writers we are familiar with. If there are really no familiar examples, don't give up. We should choose some writers who are close to your theory, and then explain your theory a little with examples. Also, for real questions, there are likely to be questions that you will not or are not familiar with. Don't panic at this time, integrate similar knowledge points. For example, if you are not familiar with the characteristics of Yu Dafu's works, you can think about which period and which genre Yu Dafu appeared, and then integrate the characteristics of autobiographical novels and the characteristics of the May Fourth Movement works, and then bring Yu Dafu's representative works closer to the theory; Finally, if you want to get high marks, you must write without hesitation. Personally, I suggest to fill in the 12 answer sheet as much as possible. Of course, you really have nothing to say and you can't joke about it. You must ensure that what you answer is relevant to the topic.
2. Literary criticism
Investigation and analysis of (1) literary criticism
As a specialized course, literary criticism must be carefully prepared.
First of all, judging from the real problems in the past year, Nanjing Normal University is more inclined to criticize poetry. In recent years, it has reviewed contemporary poetry, especially the works of the third generation of poets. Of course, this does not mean that you only need to prepare poetry comments and ignore other genres of comments. In order to cope with this professional course calmly, I suggest that you prepare all kinds of genres, except drama. In addition, regarding the criterions of criticism, only the specific requirements are written in the real questions, and nothing else is mentioned, which will confuse us. At this time, we need to read some excellent papers. Read more and understand more, and you will have a clear definition of "good" and "bad" papers. In addition, you need to ask the teachers for help. It would be better if we can find seniors and seniors with high scores in literary criticism.
(2) Reference books and materials
There is only one set of works by Mr. Gao Yongnian in the designated textbook for literary criticism in Nanjing Normal University, which can't meet our needs. During the preparation period, besides the real questions, I borrowed Sun's Guide to Modern Poetry in China from the library. This book is a collection of excellent poetry criticism articles by Sun and other Peking University students, and there are many excellent articles and paragraphs worth learning from. In addition, I admire the method of searching related papers directly according to personal needs. If you find it troublesome to find HowNet in the computer room, you can download a learning software called Yidou. This software is very convenient, you can find almost anything you want, avoiding the trouble of flipping through the periodicals for hours but not finding the articles you really need. With these resources, you need to not only read a lot of articles, but also make clear its title, structure, starting point, language and so on. If you analyze one or two articles every day, you will certainly gain something.
(3) Precautions
For literary criticism, self-justification is good, but for ordinary candidates, on the premise of self-justification, it needs some "decoration" First of all, although the topic is only a few short words, it is the facade of your article, and sometimes your topic may determine your score. So you should work hard on the topic and accumulate some good topics. The theme should be divided into a main title and a sub-title. The main title should summarize the theme as deeply and implicitly as possible, and the subtitle should further explain the main title as concisely as possible. In addition, in terms of structure, if you have the ability, it is best to adopt a title structure from three or four angles, pay attention to the logical connection before and after, and try to be novel in the choice of entry points; Finally, it must be noted that unless the topic has very strict requirements on the number of words, such as 1500 words, in other cases, it is best to keep the number of words between 2300 and 3000. The following is a brief summary of my literary criticism this year:
Extraordinary soul style
-Comment on the artistic charm of Lu Xun's Snow.
First, the elements of life (evaluation of its symbolism, using "snow" to imply the state of life)
Second, "clouds hold the moon" (comparative method of evaluating articles)
Third, unique language.
Fourth, the extraordinary soul scenery (sum up the above three points, sublimate the theme)