Major listed companies in the industry: Contemporary Ampere Technology Co., Ltd. (300750); BYD (002594); Guo Xuan Hi-Tech (002074); Funeng Technology (688567); 100 million weft lithium energy (300014); Peng Hui Energy (300438); Xinwangda (300207), etc.
The core data of this paper: R&D expenses of listed companies in lithium battery sector; Number of papers published on lithium batteries
Description of the full-text statistical caliber: 1) Statistics on the number of papers published are based on "lithium"
"Battery" is the key word, and "China" and "paper" are selected for screening. 2) The statistical time is as of August 2022 17. 3) If there is any special statistical caliber, an explanation will be made at the bottom of the chart.
General situation of lithium battery technology
1, technical principles and types
Technical principle of (1) lithium battery
Lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery, which mainly depends on the movement of lithium ion between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In the process of charging and discharging, Li+ is embedded and deintercalated between the two electrodes: when the battery is charged, Li+ is deintercalated from the positive electrode and embedded into the negative electrode through electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; The opposite is true when discharging.
(2) Classification of lithium batteries
According to different classification methods such as electrolyte materials, battery shapes, packaging materials, cathode materials and application fields, lithium batteries can be divided into the following categories:
2. Technical panorama: subdivide into four technical fields.
From the composition of lithium battery, lithium battery technology mainly includes four main technical fields: cathode material, electrolyte and separator. Among them, the cathode materials mainly include lithium ferrous phosphate, ternary cathode, lithium manganate and so on. Anode materials mainly include carbon-based materials and non-carbon-based materials; Electrolytes mainly include liquid electrolyte, solid-liquid composite electrolyte and solid electrolyte; Diaphragm mainly includes dry diaphragm and wet diaphragm.
Development of lithium battery technology: the evolution of anode and cathode materials promotes the development of technology
From the appearance of the first lithium battery in the 1970s to more than 50 years now, lithium-ion batteries have been developing continuously, and the negative electrode materials have developed from lithium metal to carbon material, and then tried to return to lithium metal. Cathode materials are also constantly enriched, and lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium ferrous phosphate and ternary materials are introduced one after another.
Technical policy background of lithium battery: policy support and technical level improvement
In recent years, China has put forward a series of policies related to the development of lithium-ion battery technology, which has accelerated the development of lithium-ion battery industry chain, standardized the safety, technical system and recycling system of lithium batteries, and steadily improved the technical level of lithium batteries.
Development status of lithium battery technology
1. Present situation of scientific research investment in lithium battery technology
(1) National Key R&D Plan Project
According to the published national R&D key projects, from 20 18 to 202 1, China has 18 national R&D key projects related to lithium battery technology. The national key R&D projects are funded by the central government, and the financial capital of a project is more than 200 million yuan.
(2) R&D expenses of A-share listed companies
After years of development, the lithium battery industry has been relatively mature, but the overall R&D investment level of the industry is not too high. From the A-share market, from 20 17 to 202 1, the total R&D expenses of listed companies in China's lithium battery sector increased year by year. In the first quarter of 2022, the total R&D expenses of listed companies in the lithium battery sector were about 4.675 billion yuan.
2. Research and innovation achievements of lithium battery technology
(1) Number of published papers
Judging from the number of papers published on lithium batteries, the number of papers published on lithium batteries in China has been increasing year by year since 20 10, which shows that the research enthusiasm of lithium batteries continues to rise. As of August 2022, 69,366 papers on lithium batteries have been published in China.
Note: The statistical time is as of August 2022.
(2) Hot spots of technological innovation
Through the innovative word cloud, we can understand the most popular technical keywords in the field of lithium battery technology and analyze the latest key research and development topics in this technical field. The most common keywords in the recent 5,000 patents in this technical field were extracted by Wisdom Bud, among which the keywords such as cathode material, anode material, electrolyte and current collector involved a large number of patents, indicating that the recent research and development and innovation in the field of lithium batteries focused on anode and cathode materials, electrolyte and other fields.
(3) patent focus field
From the patent focus field of lithium battery, the patent focus field of lithium battery is obvious at present, mainly focusing on lithium battery, lithium ion battery, positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte and so on.
Comparative analysis of main lithium battery technologies
By analyzing the technical characteristics of lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium battery, it can be seen that lithium iron phosphate battery has obvious advantages in safety, economy, raw material richness and cycle life, while ternary lithium battery has obvious advantages in energy density, low temperature performance and charging efficiency. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate battery technology is more suitable for short-distance cars (low-end models), electric bicycles, energy storage and other scenarios; Ternary lithium battery technology is more suitable for long-distance buses (high-end models), consumer electronics, medical and other scenarios.
The Pain Point and Breakthrough of Lithium Battery Technology Development
1, the pain point of lithium battery technology development
(1) High energy density anode and cathode materials lack of industrial application.
Although the rapid development of lithium-ion battery technology and market has obviously improved the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the lack of feasible future cathode materials to continue to improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries has brought great challenges to the sustainable development of lithium-ion battery industry.
(2) The safety of lithium-ion batteries needs to be solved urgently.
On the other hand, the safety of lithium-ion battery is also one of the pain points in the development of lithium-ion battery technology. The root of the safety problem of lithium-ion battery is mainly the thermal runaway of the battery. The main reason is that there are strong explosion conditions in lithium-ion batteries, and flammable substances such as combustible organic lipid compounds with low melting point and graphite anode materials will become corresponding "fuels". Improper thermal management during charging and discharging and operation will become the fuse of safety accidents of lithium batteries, which will eventually lead to explosion accidents.
2. Breakthrough in the development of lithium battery technology
Innovative structural design of (1) lithium battery
The innovation of battery cell integration mode is an important structural innovation of lithium battery, such as CTP(Cell To
Pack) is to skip the standardized module link and directly integrate the battery cells on the battery pack to improve the energy density.
(2) Solid state battery technology
At present, lithium-ion batteries are facing the problem of poor safety. Solid-state batteries can break through the limitations of lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, energy density and temperature range.
Development direction and trend of lithium battery technology: short-term improvement of battery energy density and long-term diversification of technical routes.
In the short term, improving the energy density of lithium batteries is mainly achieved by iteratively upgrading the existing material system and innovating the battery structure. Among them, the iterative upgrading of lithium battery material system includes the iterative upgrading of anode and cathode materials, electrolyte and separator; The innovation of battery structure includes the structural improvement and simplification of battery core, module and packaging mode.
In the long run, due to the low upper limit of energy density of lithium iron phosphate battery, the technical route of lithium battery will develop in a diversified direction in order to meet the different needs in different application scenarios. In addition to lithium ferrite batteries and ternary lithium batteries, the development trend of new lithium battery's technical routes such as solid-state batteries, lithium manganese phosphate batteries and lithium-rich manganese-based batteries is improving.
Forward-looking Carbon Neutralization Strategy Research Institute focuses on the policies, technologies and products in the field of carbon neutrality, aiming at the forefront of international science and technology, serving the country's major strategic needs, carrying out organized and planned scientific research around "carbon neutrality", promoting the transformation and popularization of carbon neutrality technological achievements, finding technological breakthroughs for enterprise innovation, and providing strategic path management consulting and technical consulting for carbon dioxide emission peaks and carbon neutrality for governments at all levels. Dean Dr. Xu Wenqiang graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. For more than 20 years, we have been deeply involved in basic research, product development and industrialization in the fields of low-carbon clean energy and green materials. He has 55 patents and 33 papers, and has put more than 30 products on the market, creating a commercial value of 5 billion yuan, focusing on clean energy research such as hydrogen energy, solar energy and energy storage.
The above data refer to Prospective Industry Research Institute's Technical Trend Prospective and Investment Value Strategic Consulting Report of Lithium Battery Industry.