In the long-term writing practice, people have gradually formed some specific norms in the writing of certain stylistic articles-that is, the basic types of structures. This "type" was originally created by someone, but because it conforms to the law of human thinking, it has been used all the time, and it has gradually improved its stereotypes in people's repeated use. Therefore, the emergence of this "type" is not accidental, it is formed on the basis of human thinking laws. We use these "types" to write, which is not only labor-saving, but also convenient for organizing materials to express opinions, and conforms to the law of human thinking and is convenient for people to read. This is a method with twice the result with half the effort. Of course, "type" is not a rigid set, and it is impossible to put it in without considering the content. Writing should use "type" and pay attention to diverse and flexible use; Second, we should pay attention to when ready-made "types" are harmful to content expression, we should resolutely throw them away.
Edit this paragraph | Back to the top of the accounting paper The structure of an accounting paper belongs to an argumentative paper, and its basic structure generally includes three parts: title, argument and conclusion.
1. paper: refers to the proposition that the authenticity of the paper needs to be proved.
2. Argument: that is, discuss and prove. It mainly refers to the discussion process of citing arguments to prove the authenticity of the topic, and it is a form of reasoning used when deducing the topic from arguments.
3. Conclusion: The conclusion is the final judgment of the article. Its main function is to (1) summarize the full text and point out the theme. (2) Looking to the future and enhancing confidence. (3) express feelings and enhance appeal.
(B) the composition of accounting papers
A complete paper should include the following contents:
1. Title Name (Title)
The title of an accounting paper should use the most appropriate and concise words to reflect the logical combination of the most important specific contents in the paper, and avoid using uncommon abbreviations and omitting words, characters, codes, symbols and formulas as much as possible. The title of a paper generally does not exceed 30 words.
2. Author's name and unit
The signature of the paper includes: those who participated in the selection of research topics and the formulation of research plans, those who directly participated in and contributed all or most of the research work, and those who participated in the writing of the paper. If the paper is jointly completed by two or more people, the ranking shall be arranged according to the contribution of each person or according to the agreement.
3. Abstract of the paper
It is a brief statement of the contents of the paper, prompting the main viewpoints, viewpoints and arguments of the paper or briefly introducing the main contents of the paper. Words should be concise and accurate. Generally, 200~400 words are appropriate for Chinese abstracts of papers, and the important academic papers should not exceed 1500 words.
4. Keywords (or subject words)
Keywords refer to words or terms used to express the theme information of the full text of the paper, and are used for data query. Generally, 3 ~ 8 words are selected as keywords for each paper.
5. Overview
Outline refers to the main points of the content of accounting papers.
6. Introduction (or introduction, preface, introduction, introduction, introduction and introduction)
Introduction is the beginning of the paper. A complicated and lengthy paper, called "introduction" and "preface", requires a clear explanation of the motivation, content, significance and purpose of writing this article. It is mainly used to briefly explain the content, purpose, method and significance of the research problem, clarify the main points (article arguments) of the full text, draw lessons from the research situation, knowledge layout and theoretical basis of predecessors in the accounting field, and put forward the author's own research ideas and methods, which are expected to be the inheritance and development of accounting theory and practice, and have practical significance. If it is an investigation report, it can also explain the background and the investigation method. This part of the content has the function of "outlining", which is intended to summarize and lead the full text, but the words should be "few but precise". In the text, there is no need to write the word "order". Usually you write 1 paragraph, and some write 2, 3 or even 4 paragraphs. After writing, when you turn to this theory, it is best to leave 1 line in the middle.
7. Text
The text is the core and main part of an accounting paper, and its function is to start a topic, analyze and demonstrate. The content of the text is to deeply analyze the problems raised in the introduction of the article, analyze and demonstrate by combining theoretical research with practical operation, and reveal the intricate internal relations and laws of objective things in the accounting field. The content of the text reflects the logical thinking and language expression ability of the article, which determines the understandability of the paper and the persuasiveness of the argument. The writing of words must be realistic, objective and true, well-prepared, clear in thinking logic, distinct in levels and easy to understand.
There are three levels of structure when writing:
1. Linear reasoning mode. Starting from the central argument of the article, it is discussed in depth at different levels, and the logical deduction from one point to another shows a linear logical depth.
2. the way of juxtaposition. Put several subordinate arguments subordinate to the basic topic side by side and discuss them separately.
3. The method of combining linear reasoning with parallel theory. That is to say, the straight line theory contains the parallel theory, and there are straight line inferences under the parallel theory, forming a complex three-dimensional structure.
The body of an accounting paper usually adopts the structural hierarchy of the third way (that is, the combination of straight-line reasoning and parallel reasoning).
8. Concluding remarks
The end of the article should stop at the end, take care of the beginning, and reflect the integrity of the full text. The seamless connection of the full text and the echo from beginning to end can not only give people a sense of structural integrity, but also get the effect of summarizing the full text, highlighting the center and deepening the impression of readers. There are three kinds of endings: summative ending, explanatory ending and summative ending.
The words "conclusion" and "conclusion" don't have to be written in the text, it depends on the genre and content of the paper. The beginning of the reference should be an independent part, and there should be a blank line between it and the previous paragraph; If the above branches stop in classical Chinese, there is no need to leave blank lines, which is equivalent to stopping after using words, and the full text has no end.
9. thank you
The words of thanks can be placed as footnotes at the bottom of the first page of the article or at the end of the article. Words of thanks should be sincere, concise and appropriate.
10. Reference
References (materials) are attached to the back of the paper, and more should be listed on an additional page, at least four lines from the end of the paper. There are two ways to cite documents in accounting papers: direct citation and indirect citation. Quotes are needed to directly quote the original text; Indirect speech is only a careless report, also called intentional speech, without quotation marks. For the content of the quoted article, be faithful to the original text, and don't take it out of context for my use; Can't be inconsistent and far-fetched; When writing a paper, the author should show his views and positions on the quotation, that is, for or against it.
1. The role of citing references
(1) respects the original author, avoiding the suspicion of robbing others of beauty, and also shows that the author's academic attitude is rigorous.
(2) If there is an error in the quotation, it is easy to check it in time.
(3) Make the instructor clearly understand the depth and breadth of the author's research on the problem.
(4) It reflects the scope and level of the materials that the author read for writing the thesis.
(5) It is helpful for readers who study the same or similar topics to understand the situation or get inspiration from the reference materials.
(6) It is convenient for the review and evaluation of graduation thesis defense.
2. List the specific requirements of reference materials (materials)
(1) are arranged in the order of articles and materials referenced or cited in graduation thesis.
(2) The listed references should generally be official publications (including books, newspapers, magazines, etc.). ).
(3) indicate the serial number, the name of the author (editor, translator), the title or title of the newspaper article, the publishing unit (or the name of the newspaper or magazine), the publishing time (magazine number, newspaper number), etc. Edit this paragraph | Return to the top of the page The carrier type and identification of electronic documents With the acceleration of China's informatization process, the adoption of electronic documents has gradually increased, and the standardization of their marking methods has also been put on the agenda. According to the relevant provisions of the "China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Specification" issued by the General Administration of Press and Publication, we now put forward the following requirements for contributions:
The reference marks of electronic files such as 1. database, computer program and electronic bulletin have the following two letters:
Electronic literature types
database
computer program
Electronic bulletin
Type recognition of electronic documents
decibel
cerebral palsy
EB
Second, the carrier type and identification of electronic documents
For electronic documents with non-paper carriers, when citing them as references, the carrier type should be indicated in the reference type.
The specification uses two letters to indicate the types of electronic document carriers: magnetic tape) MT, magnetic disk) DK, CD-ROM) CD, online) OL, and the following formats indicate the types of references including the types of document carriers:
[File Type Identification/Carrier Type Identification]
Such as: [db/ol]-online database online.
A database on tape.
[m/CD]- CD monograph
[CP/DK]- Disk software (computer program on disk)
Online serial
[EB/ol]- The electronic pull-up board is online.
For example: [1] Wang Mingliang. On the progress of China academic journal standard database system engineering [DB/OL]. Literature website,1998-08-16/1998-10-04.
Traditional literature with paper as the carrier does not need to indicate the carrier type when it is cited as a reference.
Writing requirements
Page requirements: Graduation thesis must be A4(2 10×297), with more than 70g white paper and all printed on one side; The margins of graduation thesis are set according to the following standards: the top margin is 30mm, the bottom margin is 25mm, the left and right margins are 25mm, the binding line 10mm, the header 16mm and the footer 15 mm.
Header: The header should be set from the abstract page to the last page of the paper. Header content: graduation thesis of Chinese language and literature major of Zhejiang Radio and TV University, centered, No.5 Song font size, underlined under the header.
Footer: Starting from the main part of the paper (introduction or introduction), pages are compiled continuously with Arabic numerals, and the method of page numbering is: page number ×××× page number × page number ×× page number ×× page number ×× page number.
The front part is written separately from the Chinese title page.
Font and spacing: the graduation thesis font is small four, the word spacing is set to standard word spacing, and the line spacing is set to a fixed value of 20 points.