First, the influence of the Opium War on China:

1. Politically, China lost more sovereignty and territory, and China lost 1 more than 10,000 square kilometers of land. The Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty also created conditions for tsarist Russia to occupy more territory in western China. The degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China has further deepened; The rulers of the Qing Dynasty took refuge in foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the people of China.

2. Economically, the foreign invasion forces expanded to the coastal provinces of China and extended to the inland of China, which facilitated the great powers to dump goods and plunder cheap raw materials and labor, and made China suffer the aggressive impact of capitalist economy.

3. Legalization of opium trade, Chinese workers going abroad and allowing foreigners to go to the mainland to preach have aggravated social contradictions in China.

4. The foreign minister in Beijing strengthened his influence and control over the Qing government.

5. During the Second Opium War, the British and French allied forces occupied the capital and set fire to Yuanmingyuan, which dealt a heavy blow to China's culture and psychology. The landlord class was divided, and some Manchu rulers learned from their mistakes and decided to "learn from foreigners and master their skills to control foreigners", thus starting the "Westernization Movement" and welcoming the revival of Tongzhi.

6. The loss of large areas of territory. The Kowloon Peninsula ceded to Britain is only a tiny place, while the territory ceded to Russia is 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers, laying the territory of the Republic of China.

7. After the war, the Qing government was able to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and barely maintain its rule. As soon as the Beijing Treaty was signed, ministers such as Britain, France and Russia immediately said that as long as the Qing government "fulfilled the treaty" seriously, it could get "any assistance".

186 1, 1 year, the Qing government established the Office of the Prime Minister. 1862, 1 In June, the Qing government established the policy of "using teachers to help suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Incident" and invited foreign troops to help it suppress civil strife. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement was suppressed, it maintained the rule of the Qing government.

During the Second Opium War, the Qing government once again gave in to foreign invaders, which caused extremely serious consequences, and China fell deeper into the semi-colonial road. However, the struggle of the broad masses of China people against foreign aggression has never stopped. Wherever the British and French allied forces went, they fought to defend the motherland, showing the heroic spirit of the people of China fighting the enemy to the end.

Second, the first opium war:

The First Opium War Britain usually called the First British-Chinese War or "Trade War", which was a war launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of China's modern history.

After the closed door, the Qing dynasty gradually fell behind the world trend, but it still maintained a trade surplus position in foreign trade. In order to reverse the trade deficit with China, Britain began to smuggle drugs and opium to China for huge profits.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/838, Daoguang Emperor sent Lin Zexu, governor of Huguang, as an imperial envoy to Guangdong to ban opium. After Lin Zexu came to power, he seized more than 20,000 boxes of opium and destroyed them all at Humen Haikou. In order to open the door to the China market, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China. The British Parliament also passed the war appropriation bill for China.

In June, 1840, 47 British ships and 4,000 troops, led by Yi Law and Yi Law, the commercial supervisor of China, arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocked Haikou and started the Opium War. Although this war is only a part of the Opium War, it is sometimes called the Opium War. The war has been going on intermittently, during which a series of battles and military actions are irrelevant.

At the beginning of the war, China soldiers and civilians rose up and dealt a heavy blow to the British invaders. However, the decadent feudal system could not resist the British invasion, and the war ended in China's failure and reparations. China's first unequal treaty, treaty of nanking, was signed. China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty. The Opium War made China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, it also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.

Third, the second opium war:

The Second Opium War was a war of aggression against China jointly launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States. In order to further open the China market and expand the interests of aggression in China, Britain and France used the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in China as an excuse to jointly attack the Qing government under the pretext of Yarrow Incident and Ma Fu Incident.

Because Britain and France launched wars under the pretext of Yarrow Incident and Father Ma Incident respectively, they were called "Yarrow War" by the British. Also known as "the Battle of the Anglo-French Allied Forces" or "the Second Sino-British War". At the same time, because this war can be regarded as the continuation of the first opium war, it is also called the "second opium war".

1860 war, British and French troops invaded Beijing, and the Qing emperor fled to Chengde. British and French troops invaded Yuanmingyuan, plundered jewels and burned them. After Russia sent troops to participate in the war, it claimed that "mediation was successful" and coerced the Qing government to cede more than 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of territory, becoming the biggest winner.

The Second Opium War forced the Qing government to successively sign the Tianjin Treaty, the Beijing Treaty, the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty and other peace treaties, and the invasion of foreign powers deepened. As a result, China lost 1.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest. After the war, the Qing government was able to concentrate on suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and maintaining its rule.

What was the impact of the Opium War?

1. Negative effects: launching a series of unjust wars of aggression against China has seriously damaged China's sovereignty, which is manifested in the destruction of China's territorial integrity and the inability of China to achieve complete national reunification for a long time; The loss of customs administrative power makes China in a position of being at the mercy of others in foreign trade. Foreign envoys in Beijing and troops stationed in China kept the central government under the surveillance of foreign powers' diplomacy and bayonets.

At the same time, the great powers gradually controlled China's internal affairs and diplomacy through the aristocratic ministers who compromised in China, such as Qishan, Senators and Bu. Suppressing the rebellion of China people, such as the peasant uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion, and fostering and buying and other Manchu nobles as agents, led to the destruction of national sovereignty, and China gradually became a semi-colony of the great powers.

2. Positive influence: The invasion of imperialist powers shook the foundation of the feudal society that lasted for thousands of years in the Central Plains and promoted its gradual disintegration. Where there is oppression, there is resistance. Under the eyes of the great powers, a large number of people with lofty ideals appeared in China, trying to overthrow the feudal foundation and implement a constitutional monarchy. Although it was not successful, it played a great role in the development of China society.

The powers used warships and artillery to open the door of China and plundered it. At the same time, they broke the ignorant closed-door state of the Qing dynasty and opened a new chapter in opening to the outside world. The establishment of the Prime Minister's Office marks the beginning of China's diplomatic modernization.

An example of aggression against China

1, the first opium war

The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history. China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, it began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country.

2. The Second Opium War

The Second Opium War forced the Qing government to successively sign the Tianjin Treaty, the Beijing Treaty, the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty and other peace treaties, and the invasion of foreign powers deepened. As a result, China lost 1.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest. The degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China has further deepened; The rulers of the Qing Dynasty took refuge in foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the people of China.

The Significance and Influence of the Opium War

The opium war, that is, the first opium war. Britain usually calls it the First Sino-British War or "Trade War", which was a war of aggression launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of the modern history of China. The following is the influence and significance of the Opium War I compiled. Let's have a look!

The influence of the Opium War

The failure of the Opium War and the signing of a series of unequal treaties fundamentally changed the social nature of China. Foreign capitalism ceded Hong Kong Island from China, paid compensation of 2 1 10,000 silver dollars, opened five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai for trade, and a series of privileges such as negotiated tariff rights, consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment, which seriously damaged China's independent sovereignty. After the treaty of nanking was signed, the United States and France came one after another, taking the opportunity to claim privileges and forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties. The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history. Since then, China has suffered more and more, and the people of China are facing more complicated and tortuous struggles.

The significance of the opium war

The film "War" also has certain positive significance and function to the social development of China. The Opium War forcibly opened the door to corruption, backwardness and isolation in China. After thousands of years of feudal autocracy in China, the general public was confined to limited land and lived a self-sufficient and closed life. Especially in the late Qing dynasty, this kind of closure, backwardness and corruption became more prominent.

Although the western powers used opium, artillery and other uncivilized means to open the closed door of China, the closed door of China was finally opened, which promoted the historical process of China to some extent.

After the Opium War, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai, Ningbo and Fuzhou were successively opened as commercial ports due to the signing of five trading ports stipulated in treaty of nanking. A large number of businessmen appeared in China. Although these businessmen are still attached to foreigners, they are, after all, early business-conscious businessmen in China, which promoted the development of business in China.

The Opium War opened the door to China and brought some foreign civilizations and technologies, especially some foreign progressive and open democratic ideas and free ideas. China people began to gradually understand the western world.

The Influence of Opium War on China

_

First, the lost territory and sovereignty have increased. After the Second Opium War, Britain further occupied parts of Kowloon Division, while Russia occupied more than 6,543,800 square kilometers of land in China, further losing the territorial integrity of China. As for the stipulation that the foreign minister was stationed in Beijing, it prepared conditions for foreign invaders to directly control the Qing government. _

Second, the deepening and expansion of foreign aggression. After the Second Opium War, China opened the trading port of 1 1 including Tianjin, which made foreign aggression spread from the southeast coast to the whole coast, from the mainland to the islands, and from the coast to the inland. There are also special regulations for foreigners and foreign ships, which make aggression more fearless. _

Third, the degree of semi-colonization of China has further deepened.

After the Second Opium War, the Qing government was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with foreign invaders, which had a far-reaching impact on China.

Borrowing a sentence from the previous history books, it can be understood that this is an objective progress brought about by the British invasion on an unfair basis. Many backward countries began to strengthen themselves after being invaded, such as Japan.

The first opium war:

1. China lost its independent status. The British occupation of Hong Kong Island destroyed China's territorial sovereignty; The Qing government negotiated tariffs with foreign invaders, and China's tariff autonomy would be destroyed; The invaders gained consular jurisdiction, and China's judicial sovereignty was destroyed; American warships can enter and leave China's coastal ports to "inspect trade", and China's territorial waters have been damaged. When a country can't have territorial rights, customs sovereignty, judicial sovereignty and territorial sovereignty completely independently, the subject integrity of the country will be destroyed. This was the first injury to China caused by the Opium War-China lost its independent status and embarked on the road of semi-colonialism.

2. The feudal economy in China gradually disintegrated. What harm did the Opium War bring to China's social economy? Please see how the people in Jingxian County, Anhui Province described the situation in the textbook. Why after the Opium War, the cotton textile industry in some areas along the southeast coast of China appeared the situation of "no yarn to spin" and "half of the cloth market was cut off"? Low-priced cotton textiles from Britain entered the southeast coastal area of China, which impacted the traditional handmade cotton textile industry in this area. Five trading ports, the number of trading ports increased; The agreed tariffs and extremely low tariffs on British goods facilitated the western capitalist countries to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, destroyed the domestic handmade cotton textile industry in China and replaced the position of China's handmade cotton textile in the China market. The mode of production combining family agriculture and handicraft industry, which is cultivated by men and woven by women, is the basis of self-sufficient feudal economy. When cheap foreign yarns produced by machines began to flood into China, many rural women in the southeast coastal areas had to stop hand-weaving. People who used to weave their own fabrics to solve their own problems also went to the market to buy foreign fabrics. What do these phenomena mean? Treaty of nanking did not solve the opium problem. In fact, the defeated Qing government turned a blind eye to opium smuggling. As a result, after the five-port trade, opium smuggling became more rampant, silver continued to flow out and the price of silver continued to rise. The burden on the working people has greatly increased again. Economically, whether the capitalist countries transfer commodities to China through "legitimate" trade or opium smuggling is rampant, the continuous outflow of silver reflects the intensification of economic aggression by capitalist countries against China after the Opium War. The invasion of western capitalist forces and the gradual disintegration of China's feudal economy have neither brought economic prosperity to China nor made China embark on the road of capitalist development; But the feudal society in China began to transform into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the change of social nature triggered a series of changes. This is the third injury to China caused by the Opium War.

3. Changes in social nature, social contradictions and revolutionary nature. China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society began with the Opium War and gradually changed. The original principal contradiction in China society, that is, the contradiction between feudalism and the people, has not disappeared with the invasion of foreign capitalist forces, but has become more acute; After the Opium War, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation in China society intensified. Among these two contradictions, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation is the most important. In the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the existence of two principal contradictions determines that the people of China must begin to shoulder the dual revolutionary task, on the one hand, against foreign invaders, on the other hand, against their own feudal rulers. The history of China has entered the period of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution. The Opium War became a turning point in China's history and the beginning of China's modern history.

From 1842 to 1844, the Sino-British treaty of nanking, the Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and the Sino-French Huangpu Treaty signed by the Qing government and foreign invaders began to change China's independent national status and self-sufficient feudal economy. After experiencing primitive society, slave society and feudal society, China did not enter the capitalist society normally, but gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. 1840 The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history. Since then, the people of China have started a democratic revolution against foreign invaders and their own feudal rule.

The Second Opium War:

1, politically, it made China lose more sovereignty and territory, and the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China was greatly deepened; The rulers of the Qing Dynasty took refuge in foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the people of China.

2. Economically, foreign invasion forces spread to the coastal provinces and extended inland, which facilitated them to dump goods and plunder cheap raw materials and labor, and made China suffer an aggressive impact from the capitalist economy. 3. Legalization of opium trade, Chinese workers going abroad and allowing foreigners to go to the mainland to preach have aggravated social contradictions in China.

4. The foreign minister in Beijing strengthened his influence and control over the Qing government.

5. The British and French allied forces occupied Beijing and burned Yuanmingyuan, which greatly stimulated the Manchu dynasty and began to learn lessons and launch the "Westernization Movement".

6. As soon as the Beijing Treaty was signed, ministers such as Britain, France and Russia immediately said that as long as the Qing government "fulfilled the treaty" seriously, it could get "any assistance". 186 1, 1 year, the Qing government established the Office of the Prime Minister. 1862 65438+ 10, the Qing government established the policy of "using teachers to help suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Incident" and invited foreign troops to help suppress it.

What influence did the Opium War have on China?

The influence of the Opium War on China society;

I. Changes in the social nature of China

Before the Opium War, China was an independent country politically, and the Qing government exercised complete sovereignty. Economically, it is a self-sufficient country with a dominant feudal economy. After the Opium War, fundamental changes have taken place in China society.

1, China's territorial integrity and independence and sovereignty began to be seriously damaged. The British occupation of Hong Kong Island destroyed the territorial integrity of China. Foreign warships can sail to the coastal ports of China, which damages China's territorial sovereignty; Consular jurisdiction damages China's judicial sovereignty; The agreed tariffs undermine China's tariff sovereignty and trade sovereignty. Thus, after the Opium War, China began to become a semi-independent country with incomplete territory and sovereignty.

2. China's self-sufficient feudal economy began to collapse. After the Opium War, western capitalist countries used the privilege of aggression to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, and gradually involved the China market in the world capitalist market. After the war, British cotton textiles exported to China soared, and foreign cheap cotton and cotton yarn flooded the southeast coastal market of China, which made the family handmade cotton textile industry in the southeast coastal area of China go bankrupt gradually. Handmade cotton textile industry is the most important handicraft industry in China feudal society, and the combination of small farmers and family handmade cotton textile industry is the main form of feudal natural economy; The bankruptcy of household handmade cotton textile industry caused the separation of agriculture and textile, which was the main symbol of the disintegration of feudal natural economy for thousands of years. After the war, the export of tea and silk in China increased greatly, which stimulated the development and commercialization of domestic tea and silk production. China's tea and silk export trade is almost completely manipulated by foreign businessmen, which makes China's tea and silk production subordinate to the needs of the world market and become a raw material supplier of foreign capitalism. This is another important sign that China's feudal natural economy began to disintegrate.

To sum up, the integrity of China's territory and sovereignty began to be destroyed, and China's feudal natural economy began to disintegrate, marking the beginning of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Second, the changes in the main social contradictions in China.

With the change of social nature in China, the principal contradiction in China society will inevitably change. Before the war, the main contradiction in China society was the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class. There are two major social contradictions in postwar China, namely, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, and the contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people. Moreover, with the deepening of foreign capitalist aggression, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation has become the most important contradiction among various social contradictions.

Third, the change of China's revolutionary task.

With the changes of the main social contradictions in China, China's revolutionary tasks will inevitably change. Before the war, the nature of China Revolution was the anti-feudal struggle of the peasant class. Since the Opium War, the people of China have shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and domestic feudal rule. Since then, China has entered the period of the old democratic revolution. In a word, the Opium War was the starting point for China to be enslaved by foreign capitalism, which transformed China from a feudal society into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and marked the beginning of modern China history.

Hope to adopt ~