It should be noted that the reference format of each magazine will be different, so there is no absolute uniform standard, and everything is subject to the requirements of the magazine.
Notes on the format of references: Although there is no absolute uniform standard for references, there are basic standards.
Basic format of references:
Principal responsible person. Title: Other title information [document type identification/document carrier identification]. Other responsible persons. Version project. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: refer to page number.
First, how to cite references is reasonable.
(1) reference type
There are many types of references, mainly monographs [M], papers [C], newspaper articles [N], journal articles [J], dissertations [D], reports [R], standards [S], patents [P], papers separated from papers [A] and so on, among which journal articles are the most common.
(2) the number of cited references
The number of references for general academic articles should be 20-40, and the number of references for summary articles is generally more than that for research articles. In addition to the summary, more than 40 references in other articles show that compared with your research results, the discussion and preface may involve too much content and need to be deleted.
(3) citation format in the text of references
The citation format of the references in this paper varies according to the requirements of the school, which is nothing more than numbers and names.
Numeric numbering is relatively simple, just number the documents one by one according to the order from front to back. In case references need to be added or deleted in the middle, the following figures will change. If we enter references manually, it will be very troublesome. At this time, you need to use endnote software or other software cited in relevant references for help.
Another text reference is the reference of a person's name. Generally speaking, a document belongs to an author, just name the author directly; If there are two authors, the two authors are connected by and; If there are three or more authors, enter the name of the first author, followed by et al. Because et al. means "equality" in Latin, it needs to be italicized and abbreviated, so a dot needs to be added after it.
Sometimes we will mention the author's name in the text, at this time, the reference position is often after the name. As reported by Li et al [Li et al, 20 10].
(4) The contents of the references are consistent with the quotations.
The content quoted must come from the content of the cited reference. We can roughly judge whether the quotation is correct by the title of the reference. It is definitely wrong for a donkey's lips not to quote a horse's mouth, so it must be revised when encountering such a reference.
(5) Try to quote original documents.
In order to save trouble, many students take a document to quote the sentences inside, and at the same time quote other references cited in this article. This is the second quotation. The harm of second citation is that in the process of citation, someone will definitely misinterpret the meaning of the original text, and make mistakes again and again, which is similar to the truth of spreading mistakes from one source to another.
So how to avoid this situation? We can refer to the original documents cited twice to see how the original documents are described and whether the quoted sentences conform to the contents of the original documents. Only by ensuring that there are no errors can we avoid quoting errors.
(6) Try to choose newer documents.
This is not absolute, if the paper we wrote was really studied in the early years and then re-studied after a period of interruption. At this time, it is inevitable to quote the literature of earlier years. Moreover, some documents are really classic, and the opinions put forward so far are reasonable, so it is understandable to quote these documents at this time. But these two situations are few after all, and most of the research is based on the latest research. Therefore, there must be several relatively new references to cite references to show the significance and importance of our research, especially the description in the introduction.
(7) the level of reference
The grade of references determines the grade of articles we write to some extent. Most of our quotations are articles with about 2-5 points, so our articles can be issued with about 2-5 points. Of course, reviewers will not pay attention to this issue, because no one will verify the influencing factors of the documents you cited.
Second, how to choose references correctly
(1) Avoid choosing references irrelevant to the topic of the paper.
The selection of references must closely focus on the theme and serve the expression and demonstration of the theme. If you can effectively explain, highlight and contrast the theme, choosing references is a basic principle, otherwise it will be abandoned. Some papers often make the mistake of giving up one's love when using references, and write some references unrelated to the theme into the article, which is out of touch with the theme and affects the expression of the theme.
Even some papers only use the latest references that have nothing to do with the theme of the paper in order to reflect the novelty of the references, which not only fails to reflect the novelty of the references, but also has complicated and redundant contents.
(2) The selected references are not typical enough.
The so-called typical references refer to those that are most characteristic and representative, can effectively reveal the essence of things and can focus on the theme of the paper. It is not necessary to select materials around the theme, and in fact it is impossible to write all the references related to the theme. Typical references must be carefully selected.
For very classic references, we should consider whether they are too old, too old and too famous, and simply outline them. Even typical references, too old or well-known references can demonstrate our theme, but they make the content of the article not novel enough.
(3) The selected references are not true enough
The reference materials used in the paper are convincing only in real situations. The so-called truth means that the reference really exists objectively and can reflect the original appearance of objective things. Only when the references used in the paper are true can the argument stand up and be convincing. However, some papers are inaccurate in selecting materials, failing to identify the authenticity, and are not accurate in historical figures, events, time, place, figures, quotations, etc. References are not carefully checked, resulting in errors.
When quoting references, be careful not to make mistakes in every detail of the references, and be absolutely accurate in the abstract of figures. We should not let the original accurate and true references become false references or untrue references because of our negligence.