1. Difficulties in waterscape construction in landscape engineering (1) How to choose pipeline materials for waterscape engineering In previous landscape construction, the pipeline materials we used were mostly hot-dip galvanized steel pipes. After this kind of steel pipe is used for a period of time, its surface is easily corroded by rain, dust and some acidic substances in the air, which will reduce the ornamental value of water landscape, and the service life of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is generally short. If better materials such as copper tube or stainless steel tube are used, the price is more expensive, so in order to reduce the cost and solve the above problems, people put forward to use UPVC tube. This kind of pipe can prevent the landscape surface from being corroded, but its weather resistance and heat resistance are poor. If the sun shines directly, the pipe will age quickly. In the hydrological landscape design, we can use UPAC pipe in the place where there is no light at the bottom of the pool, and use copper pipe or stainless steel pipe in the part exposed to the sun. This greatly reduces the cost. (2) Selection of pump form At present, many waterscape projects will use submersible pumps to improve water conservancy during construction. Submersible pump does not need pump room, which can reduce the construction cost and construction area to a certain extent. However, the reliability of submersible pump is much lower than that of centrifugal pump, and one submersible pump often damages other situations. The possible consequences are: A, the crystal may have local defects, which will affect its overall ornamental effect. B, if the insulation equipment of the water pump is damaged, it may make the water conductive, causing the danger of electric shock. Although submersible pump has the above disadvantages, if centrifugal pump is used, it will increase the length of pipeline, build pump house, increase the cost of garden construction and destroy the integrity of garden landscape. (3) Selection of lighting and electrical construction Underwater lighting lamps are one of the key designs in fountain waterscape design, and are commonly used equipment in fountain waterscape design. At present, the most widely used underwater lighting in China's landscape is the plastic bracket underwater lighting such as Philips underwater lighting, which has many problems. Its structural strength is poor. If the water in the fountain fluctuates strongly or is influenced by other external forces, it is easy to be damaged. In addition, this kind of lamp has poor sealing performance, which will accelerate its aging under the irradiation of sunlight. If the lamp is damaged or the seal fails during use, it will leak electricity and make the water charged. Therefore, this problem has become the biggest hidden danger of waterscape safety. In order to solve this problem, underwater LED lamps are widely used now, which have rich colors and long service life. (4) Water level control Water level control is an extremely important part of water level control in waterscape. At present, in common garden design, cedar-shaped sprinklers or fountain sprinklers are used, which are very sensitive to the change of water level. If the water level rises and falls slightly, it will seriously affect the change of fountain height and outlet form. Therefore, reliable automatic water supply devices and overflow pipes must be used. At present, landscape experts have developed a better method, using an independent water level balance pool or hydraulic water level control valve, and connecting waterscape pools with very long diameter connecting pipes. If it is placed outdoors, it should be disguised as a water level balancing device, such as a big tree root or a fake rock mountain. In the northern region, the problem of anti-freezing in winter should also be considered. The water level balance well should be equipped with overflow pipes, because the balance well generally has a top cover, which can also shield the noise of overflow and water replenishment. 2. Problems needing attention in waterscape construction in landscape engineering (1) Construction of pool edge in landscape engineering 1. Paving: Before digging holes, tamp the surrounding ground. If the paving area is wider than the pool edge by a certain distance, the ground should be paved with a layer of small gravel; When laying on the edge of the pool, the overlapping part should be arranged to the area of about 15cm, and then the slate should be laid in the soil layer and laid with cement slurry. If the size of the slate is uneven, a large slate should be laid on the frequently trampled part to reduce the risk of tilting into the water. When enclosing the prefabricated pool with slate, it is necessary to ensure that the weight of the stone mainly falls around rather than on the pool to prevent the material from warping or even breaking due to the overweight edge of the pool. The joint between the wall and the edge plate should prevent the plate from being directly laid on the edge of the concrete pool, which will bring long-term hidden dangers. Because the water in the surrounding soil freezes and expands in different degrees, it will bring great pressure to the joint between the wall and the edge plate in cold season, so there should be a gap at the edge. 2, build by laying bricks or stones. Radial row of bricks should first build a circle of radial bricks by the pool, but ensure the horizontal plane of the edge and the firmness of enough supporting brick weight; For the pool with lining, if the water in the pool is to be prevented from overflowing the brick wall, the lining should be folded, leaving 8 ~ 10 cm and then surrounding the brick with mortar; If you want to let the pool water overflow the brick wall, you should increase the reserved gasket, put the brick on the gasket and press it under the brick, and finally cut off the redundant gasket. 3. Stone placement. The stones in the pool are rarely on the same plane as the water. Generally speaking, water is surrounded by stones, which are scattered at different heights above and below the water surface. For heavy stones, a solid foundation is needed to reduce the risk of pool wall collapse. At the same time, in order to protect the lining pool from damage, the stone can only be put in place after adding polyester layer or similar cushion between the linings. If the loose rock is fixed in place with concrete, a pad can be placed behind the stone, and the soil hole can be filled with concrete or soil from behind the pad as much as possible, and the surface can be covered with gravel or pebbles. In order to accelerate the natural vicissitudes of the placed stones, milk or yogurt should be coated with a coating mixed with moss and lichen. (2) The streams in the landscape should be built on the ground, and the outline of the streams should be outlined with lime, yellow sand or ropes, and the piles should be driven at fixed points on the outline, and the elevation should be marked with plastic water pipes or level meters. The excavation of the stream is preferably U-shaped, and the width and depth should be enough to place rocks and planted plants. When the segmented stream falls into the next section, the depth should be ensured to be 7- 10 cm. (3) Mark the position of the canal in the canal construction with wooden sticks and lines in the garden landscape, check whether the lines are straight and observe the overall effect from multiple angles. Knock in a pair of wooden sticks every 1.8 meters, place a wooden stick across the canal on the wooden stick, and check the level between the wooden sticks with a level meter. After the canal is dug to the design depth, it should be dug to a depth of 23 cm. Considering the selected backing material, lay 65,440. Backfill a certain amount of concrete, first pick out the stones and sharp objects at the bottom, then spread a layer of 5 cm thick gardening sand to keep the bottom flat, place a flexible pond at the bottom for padding and concrete blocks, and apply a certain amount of mortar between blocks to build bricks, tiles or stone walls. Mortar should be mixed with waterproof material. (IV) Fountain waterscape construction in garden landscape When fountain waterscape construction is carried out in areas with large temperature difference, after pouring concrete, the periphery of the nozzle should be completely leveled with plugging agent, and at the same time, a closed water test should be carried out to prevent water leakage. The bottom materials of waterscape walls and finishes should be filled with beneficial cement, and the joints should be filled with caulking agent to prevent spitting. Pay attention to the shape and steps of the pool. Adjust the height of falling water, first try to test the water, so that the falling water falls smoothly and the flow rate is relatively uniform, especially in pools with different side lengths. If there are construction conditions, the nozzle at the bottom of the pool can be overhead, which is convenient for maintenance, precipitation of impurities and cleaning. Three. Conclusion In the construction of waterscape project, human factors and natural environment factors should be considered comprehensively. In order to fully present the perfect effect of waterscape and add vitality and color to the landscape engineering, the construction unit should constantly innovate and overcome the problems encountered in the construction process, so that the effect of waterscape engineering can be perfectly and richly displayed in the landscape construction.
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