China is an outstanding poet in modern and contemporary times, a famous writer and editor, a loyal patriot, a close friend of China Producers' Party, a member of China Democratic League, a member of the Second and Third National People's Congress, a member of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth CPPCC National Committee, a seventh and eighth standing committee member, the first and second directors, the third directors and consultants, and the fourth consultant of the Chinese Writers Association. Comrade Cang Kejia, honorary member and president of the 6th and 7th Chinese Poetry Society, honorary president of China Mao Zedong Poetry Research Society and honorary president of China Writing Society, died in Beijing at 20: 35 on February 5th, 2004 at the age of 99.
Comrade Cang Kejia, pen name Shao Quanlin, He Jia, 19651October 8, was born in Zhucheng, Shandong. Influenced by his grandfather and father since childhood, he laid a good foundation for classical poetry. /kloc-in the summer of 0/923, he was admitted to the First Normal School of Shandong Province. During this period, I read a lot of new literary works and began to write new poems. 1925 first published his works in the national publication yusi with few signatures. 1927 was admitted to Wuhan branch of the Central Military and Political School to participate in the Northern Expedition. 1929, Qingdao Republic of China Daily published a new poem "Night Silence in the Forest" for the first time, signed by Ke Jia. 1930 to 1934 during my study at national Qingdao university (later changed to national Shandong university), I was warmly taught and carefully helped by Mr Wen Yiduo and Mr Wang Tongzhao. His poems, such as Refugees and Old Horses, describe the miserable life of farmers in old China with concise verses. The long poem Black Hands of Evil exposes the evil and hypocrisy of imperialism. These poems are the representative works of his early poems and have become the classics in the history of modern poetry in China. 1933 published the first book of poetry, Brand, which was well received by predecessors such as Wen Yiduo and Mao Dun. The following year, the collection of poems "Black Hands of Evil" came out and became famous in the poetry circle. 1934 to 1937, taught in Linqing Middle School, Shandong Province, published a collection of poems "Canal" and a long poem "My Portrait", and created a collection of essays "Random thoughts". 1936 Joined the Writers and Artists Association of China.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Comrade Cang Kejia closely linked his destiny with that of the nation and took an active part in anti-Japanese patriotic activities. From 65438 to 0938, he joined the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles and was elected as the director of Xiangyang and Yichang Branches. 1summer solstice of 1938 194 1 at the beginning of the year, he served as an instructor, secretary of the headquarters, member of the cultural work Committee, head of the wartime cultural work group and member of the 30 th Army in the Propaganda Department of the Anti-Japanese Youth League in the Fifth Theater. He was full of strong patriotic enthusiasm and risked the enemy bombing. He went to the front line of Taierzhuang for an interview and wrote a long reportage "The Story of Blood on the North Line of Jinpu". He led the wartime cultural work group of the Fifth Theater to carry out anti-Japanese literature propaganda and creation activities in rural areas of Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Dabie Mountains. Regardless of personal safety, he organized "literary and art workers to join the army"; He risked his life to go to the front line of Sui-Zao to engage in the cultural propaganda work of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and once participated in the Sui-Zao campaign. During this period, Comrade Cang Kejia created and published a collection of poems and essays, such as Joining the Army and Singing on the Huaihe River, Walking with Jujube, which enthusiastically eulogized the great patriotism and heroic deeds of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. 194 1 autumn, he served as a member of the Senate of 3 1 and vice president and acting president of Sany Publishing House, preparing to publish the progressive publication "Dida Wen Cong", which was banned by the authorities after it was founded. 1July, 942, he resigned angrily and walked from Yexian County, Henan Province to Chongqing in the heat. 1943 was elected as an alternate director at the fifth annual meeting of the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles in April. In the summer of the same year, he served as the Commissioner of the Relief Committee, responsible for editing the magazine "Education for Children with Difficulties" until the autumn of 1945. During this period, he created and published a long poem "Old Trees and Flowers", a memoir "My Poetic Life" and a collection of poems "Song of the Earth" and "Selected Poems in Ten Years".
During the War of Liberation, Comrade Cang Kejia participated in many progressive activities, such as "truce and peace". In Chongqing, he was invited to attend a symposium of cultural figures held by Comrade Mao Zedong in his Zhang Zhizhong apartment. In Shanghai, he edited literary supplements of the Voice of Overseas Chinese, such as Xinghe, Learning Poetry, Writing Poetry and Wenxun, and United a large number of progressive writers. Angry at the dark corruption of politics, he wrote a large number of political lyric poems and political satire poems, and published poems such as Baby, Zero Life and Winter, which had a wide influence. 1948 65438+In February, he was forced to dive into Hong Kong because of the serious white terror in Shanghai.
1949 In March, under the arrangement of the Central Party Organization, Comrade Cang Kejia came to Beiping. In May, he published a group poem "What he saw, heard and thought" in People's Daily, expressing his joy after he arrived in the liberated areas. Later, he served as a researcher in the Literature Creation Research Office of the College of Literature and Art of North China University, an editor of the General Administration of Publishing and People's Publishing House, an editor of Xinhua Monthly and a literary column editor of Xinhua Monthly. 1July, 949, attended the first congress of all-China writers and artists, and was elected as a member of all-China writers association. 1951June joined the China Democratic League and served as a member of the NLD Central Culture and Education Committee.
1956, Comrade Cang Kejia was transferred to the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association. From 1957 to 1965, he was the editor-in-chief of Poetry magazine. After his contact, Mao Zedong's 18 poems were published for the first time in the inaugural issue of Poetry Journal, which had a great influence throughout the country. During this period, he devoted himself to the organization and leadership of prospering and developing socialist literature, played an important role in the publication and development of Poetry Magazine, and made remarkable achievements in prospering poetry creation and strengthening the construction of poetry team. At the same time, full of infinite love for the motherland, the party and the people, I am tireless and diligent in creation. As a passionate and prolific poet, he was active in China poetry circles in 1950s and 1960s, and ushered in another peak of his creation. He has published poetry anthology "Selected Poems of Cang Kejia", "Triumph" and long poem "Li Dazhao". Among them, some people-in memory of Lu Xun's feelings, Chairman Mao's smile on the Yellow River and other well-known works have been selected into middle school Chinese textbooks many times. 1957 Co-authored Interpretation of Chairman Mao's Poetry with Zhou, which played an important role in the spread and popularization of poetry.
Comrade Cang Kejia was persecuted in the "Cultural Revolution", forced to stop his literary creation and social activities, and was sent to the "May 7th Cadre School" in Xianning, Hubei. 1972 back to Beijing. 1June, 976, Poetry Magazine was reissued, with Comrade Cang Kejia as consultant and editorial board member.
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, Comrade Cang Kejia, who was over 70 years old, was full of literary thoughts and ushered in the spring of creation. He sang a heartfelt hymn to the new period of socialism, and published poems such as Recalling Xiangyang, Falling in the Red Dust and Cang Kejia's Old Style Poems. Prose collections such as Huai Ren Ji and Poetry and Life; Random Thoughts on Learning Poetry, On Poetry by Ke Jia, Appreciation of Classical Poetry by Cang Kejia, etc. The Complete Works of Cang Kejia, a 12 volume that condensed his life's sweat and hard work, was also published in June 5438+February 2002.
Cang Kejia's works have won many awards and have been translated into many languages, which have a wide influence at home and abroad. 1April, 1988, won the honorary award of the first literary periodical editor of Chinese Writers Association; 1In August, 990, Appreciation of Mao Zedong Poetry, edited by him, won the Golden Key Award of the National Book and the first prize of the Fifth China Book Award. 199 1 10 received special government allowance from the State Council. June 5438 +2000 10, won the first "Xiamen-New Cup". China Poet Award "Lifetime Achievement Award; In June165438+1October of the same year, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the First Dragon Culture Gold Award of the International Yanhuang Culture Research Association. From June 5, 2002 to 10, he was awarded an honorary doctor of literature by the World Congress of Poets and the World Art and Culture Society. In 65438+February of the same year, he was awarded the gold medal of "China Contemporary Poetry Soul" by the 7th International Poets' Pen Club. From June 5438 to February 2003, The Complete Works of Cang Kejia was nominated for the 6th National Book Award.
Comrade Cang Kejia loves the Party, the people and socialism, and earnestly studies Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents. In his creative career of more than 70 years, no matter during the revolutionary war years or during the period of socialist revolution, construction and reform and opening up, he cared about the future of the country, the destiny of the nation and the development of literature with great enthusiasm, enthusiastically eulogized the cause of revolution, construction, reform and opening up and socialist modernization led by the Party, and actively advocated writers to go deep into life with short poems, old poems, essays, critical letters and novels. He adheres to the direction of "choose one from two" and the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", unites and cares for middle-aged and old-aged poets and enthusiastically cultivates young poets. He witnessed the whole history of China's new poetry from birth to development, and made outstanding and indelible contributions to the development of China's new poetry.
Comrade Cang Kejia's life is a life of unremitting pursuit of light, a life of consciously expressing the times and serving the people wholeheartedly, and a life of diligent writing, painstaking efforts and constant climbing of artistic peaks. He is keen in thinking, clear in love and hate, kind and upright, optimistic and open-minded, decent in style, simple in style, approachable, open-minded and cheerful, frugal in life and strict with himself. He devoted his whole life's energy and painstaking efforts to the literary cause of the party and the people selflessly.
With the death of Comrade Cang Kejia, China lost a master of literature, a pearl of contemporary poetry and a respected and beloved teacher. We will always learn from him and miss him.
Cang Kejia's famous poem Some People is a good poem that everyone will never forget. This song was written on 1949 1 1 month 1 day to commemorate the thirteenth anniversary of Lu Xun's death. Where does the feeling come from? At that time, New China had just been established for one month. On the one hand, the people "riding on the people's heads" have been overthrown by the people; On the other hand, all kinds of people who entered new China from old China were inevitably branded with the class and ideology of the old society. There are many Lu Xun-style "some people", but there are also many negative "some people". The poet faced the reality and recalled the social conditions of Lu Xun before and after his death, and wrote this poem emotionally. This poem not only reflects the truth of life, but also shows the poet's ideological tendency. Therefore, it is a lyric poem with the unity of authenticity and tendency.
The first section of the poem points out that there are two diametrically opposed people in today's world: one is "life is like death" and the other is "living even after death". People who are "still alive despite death" naturally refer to Lu Xun who was commemorated at that time and are a tribute to Lu Xun who is "immortal"; But as a typical image, it does not refer to Lu Xun alone, but also implies many people with the same quality as Lu Xun. As for "life is worse than death" as a negative person, it certainly refers to the bad guys. This four-line poem, in two sentences, is the general hat of the whole poem and dominates the whole article. Although it is easy to understand, it has a large capacity, strong generality and thought-provoking.
The next three paragraphs (the second, third and fourth paragraphs of the poem) compare people who are worse than death with those who die without regret from three aspects: image, thought and feeling. From the image point of view, people who "ride on the people's heads" are arrogant and call themselves "great", but they are actually insignificant; And people who "serve the people like cattle and horses" are great, although they bend down and are inconspicuous. These four lines originated from Lu Xun's self-deprecating poem "Look at a thousand fingers coldly, bow your head and be a willing ox". The poet developed Lu Xun's thoughts and poems, and the opposition of images became more prominent and distinct. Ideologically speaking, people who are "life is worse than death" always want to be "immortal" and "carve their names on stones" and set up a monument for themselves. And those who "live after death" are willing to be nameless weeds. They hate the "ground" where weeds are used as decorations. They always wait for the underground volcano to erupt and burn all the weeds and trees on the "ground" until they are "not rotten" and everyone dies together. This paragraph is based on Lu Xun's "Wild Grass Inscription". "I love wild grass, but I hate the ground decorated with wild grass. The fire ran underground and rushed; Once lava is ejected, it will burn all weeds, even trees, so it is not rotting. Lu Xun was in a period of "hesitation" when he wrote Weeds and the inscription of Weeds. He once frankly admitted that he didn't find the road to revolution at that time, but he hated the reactionaries for not riding on the people's heads, thus showing the spirit of complete sacrifice. Finally, from the perspective of sentiment, those who are "life is worse than death" and "others can't live if he lives" are very mean and ugly. And those who "live even if they die" and "he lives to live better for most people" are noble and beautiful.
The second, third and fourth verses of this poem were conceived immediately after the first verse. Poets don't praise Lu Xun for the sake of praising him, but they also praise people with the same qualities as Lu Xun and condemn those who claim to be "greater" than the people and want to build a monument for themselves and not let others live. This contrast can show the breadth and depth of poetic thought better than simply eulogizing Lu Xun.
In the last three sections (the fifth, sixth and seventh sections), the poet grasped the relationship between the two people mentioned in the first section and pointed out their different fates, different influences and different endings, that is, their different futures. These three sections are the logical development of the second, third and fourth sections. The fifth section still focuses on the opposite image. Those who "ride on the people's heads" and claim to be "great" will eventually be overthrown by the people and fall from a height, which will not only be insignificant, but also disappear from the earth; As for those who "work for the people", they are always remembered by the people with the glorious image of "bowing their heads and being a willing ox". The sixth section is to write two different subjective ideas and get two different objective effects: those who want to erect a monument for themselves, their names rot earlier than the bodies; Those who "prefer to be weeds" are "wildfires won't devour them, they will grow taller again in the spring breeze". Weeds are old, and they are always remembered by the people every year. Lu Xun is like this, and so are people with the same quality as Lu Xun. The last section is about different feelings and different retribution. Good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil. It's not like you don't report it. Not yet. Those who "can't live if he lives" will never come to a good end. As long as the time comes, everyone can see their fate. As for those who "live a better life for most people", the people will hold him high. Lu Xun is the representative of this kind of people.
The theme of poetry has always been regarded as a praise or praise for Lu Xun's lofty qualities, which is of course good. However, through careful analysis and in-depth understanding, it is not enough to praise Lu Xun. Many analysts say that the theme of the poem is only to praise Lu Xun, which may be due to the neglect of the subtitle "Feeling of Remembering Lu Xun", the ending of the poem "1949165438+1October 65438 in Beijing" and the ending of the poem "Some people". The author wrote this poem not as an impromptu work of Lu Xun on 10/9 that year, but after attending the commemoration of the thirteenth anniversary of Lu Xun's death. If it is specially written for Lu Xun, the above theme is of course beyond reproach. However, the author clearly said that it was "in memory of Lu Xun", and each section did not point out Lu Xun, but began with "some people", which was naturally not just an eulogy for Lu Xun. Therefore, this poem is actually to commemorate Lu Xun, praise the truth, goodness and beauty, and lash the false, evil and ugly. Only by understanding the theme in this way can we summarize the content of the whole poem and tap its breadth and depth. This is the concrete embodiment of the poet's aesthetic ideal in poetry creation. Whether the poet himself realizes it or not. The negative image he created reveals this. It also shows that the poet always only hinted at Lu Xun in the comparison between the two people, but did not point out Lu Xun. If we just say that this poem praises Lu Xun, it will greatly reduce the capacity of this poem-its breadth and depth.
The artistic conception of this poem seems ordinary, but it is also strange. Since the poet works with emotion, he starts from aesthetic feeling. However, what is true, what is good, what is beautiful, what is false and what is ugly. Poets do not label or shout slogans, but only write their true feelings in popular, friendly and vivid language from their deep feelings about the world. Generally speaking, the analysis of this poem says that the poet used the artistic skills of contrast or contrast, which is of course correct. Indeed, every section of this poem uses contrast, which is more true, beautiful, good, false, ugly and bad. But the poet's contrast is not limited to a poem, but runs through the whole, and the poet arranges the contrast by "putting facts". The so-called "spread" is the traditional saying "blessing". The author of Some People uses contrast only to "spread good and evil". The poet arranged three contrasts: the first contrast, the general's hat in the first verse, is the contrast of two completely different people, which dominates the whole poem. The second contrast is mainly the struggle process between image and image. The third kind of contrast is mainly the contrast of the ending and different results of the two images under the encouragement of the historical situation and the trend of the times. It is these three contrasts that make the poet elaborate and become a neat and complicated lyric poem.