Paper Keywords: scientific methods of physics teaching

Abstract: Scientific method education is of great significance in middle school physics teaching. Scientific methods can be infiltrated by physical experiment teaching and realized by physical experiment methods and training.

The Physics Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High School clearly points out that the physics curriculum in senior high school aims to further improve students' scientific literacy, cultivate students from three aspects: knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values, and lay the foundation for students' lifelong development and coping with the challenges of future development.

In physics experiment teaching, we should take the education of scientific methods as an important goal of classroom teaching and attach importance to the cultivation of students' scientific methods. For students, mastering scientific methods is more important than simply imparting knowledge. Infiltrating scientific research methods into experimental teaching is an important way of scientific method education, and many scientific research methods are embodied in experimental teaching. The following is my experience of infiltrating scientific method education in the process of physics experiment teaching in senior high school. Please correct me.

First, the educational significance of permeating scientific methods in high school physics experiment teaching

1. Scientific method education has more long-term significance than knowledge teaching.

2. Scientific method education can make physics teaching reach a higher level.

3. Scientific method education makes the combination of knowledge imparting and ability training operable.

4. Scientific method education has the function of moral education, which helps students to establish a dialectical materialist world outlook.

Second, the scientific methods commonly used in high school physics experiment teaching

The focus of observation and experiment method is observation and experiment method and experimental data processing; The methods of analysis and synthesis focus on qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and causal analysis; Comparative classification methods focus on seeking common ground in differences and seeking differences in similarities; Induction and deduction focus on simple enumeration, induction and deduction; Mathematical methods mainly use ratio to define physical quantities and laws, and often use images to describe physical phenomena and laws; Idealized methods mainly include ideal experiments and ideal models. In addition, there are analogy, equivalence and illogical thinking methods. These methods play different roles in the process of scientific understanding. They complement each other and become the content system of scientific method education in physics.

Third, the way to infiltrate scientific methods in physics experiment teaching in senior high school.

1. Cultivating scientific research methods of integrating theory with practice in experimental teaching

Physics often follows the way of practice, theory and re-practice to study and solve problems: observing experimental conjecture hypothesis.

The theories of experimental verification and practical verification are constantly rising. For example, when studying free fall, let students guess the experimental results first, and then observe the experimental phenomena: a heavy object and an open piece of paper fall from the same height at the same time, which one falls first; Then make the paper ball into a ball, let it fall with the weight at the same time, and then observe which one falls first. The experimental phenomenon causes students to think: Why do papers with the same weight have different phenomena? Comparing the difference between the two experiments, we can know that this is the reason of air resistance. At this time, it is natural to put forward assumptions and conjectures. If an object falls freely only by gravity, is it possible that the falling speed has nothing to do with the gravity of the object? Then the hypothesis is verified by Newton tube experiment, and the law of free falling body motion is established.

2. Cultivate scientific observation methods in experimental teaching.

Observation plays an important role in the development of physics. For example, Newton's law begins with the observation of celestial motion, and observing cosmic rays is an important method to study high-energy particles. Students learn to make observation methods more scientific and cultivate good observation habits. Therefore, training students to learn the habit of observation and be diligent in observation will be of great help to learning physics. Usually, teachers should pay attention to teaching students the experimental ideas and methods of studying physical problems. In addition, experimental teaching is often used? Amplification substitution method? And then what? Comparative method? And other scientific methods to cultivate students' scientific thinking, methods, rigorous scientific attitude and realistic spirit.

3. Scientific research methods of osmotic control variables in experimental teaching.

The controlled variable method refers to the independent study of the influence of one of the factors when there are multiple factors acting at the same time and affecting a physical quantity. At this time, other factors remain unchanged temporarily, so as to eliminate the interference of other factors, better study the relationship between this factor and the research volume, and finally get the law through comprehensive analysis. Such as Newton's second law, ohm's law, resistance law and so on. The controlled variable method is used to design experiments for research. The teaching of scientific methods can not only arouse students' interest, but also help students find out the scientific methods to learn physics, so that students can learn from them. Study? Become? Can you learn? To improve students' learning ability and realize the goal of quality education.

4. Infiltrate idealized scientific research methods into experimental teaching.

The idealized method is to deduce and judge physical laws and laws under ideal conditions on the basis of existing practice and logical laws. Ideal mode? ; Focus on the main factors, properties or conditions, often ignoring other secondary properties and conditions. The idealized method can simplify the problem and reflect the essence of the phenomenon more deeply. Galileo's inclined plane experiment is a famous idealized experiment in the history of physics. For another example, spring vibrator and simple pendulum are idealized models;

In short, what is the key to understanding the scientific method? Subtle? And then what? Infiltration? Let students learn how to study and solve problems through physical experiments, transfer scientific methods to other fields, and promote students' lifelong development and benefit. Therefore, it is an important subject of quality education to constantly explore the contents and methods of scientific method education.

References:

[1] sheets. Physical methodology. Xi 'an: Shaanxi People's Education Publishing House, 1995.

[2] Zhang. Physical science method education. Qingdao: Qingdao Ocean University Press.

[3] Song Shu Jie. Concept and teaching practice of new physics curriculum in senior high school. Beijing Commercial Press, 2003.

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