In ancient times, in order to select and manage the national talent team, the imperial examination system was implemented, and the champion was the talent selected by the imperial examination system.
After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, in order to adapt to social development and changes, expand the interests of the feudal ruling class and further strengthen centralized management, the imperial examination system decentralized the power of selecting officials to the central government, and replaced the nine-product system previously controlled by nobles with the imperial examination system, so that any participant had the opportunity to become an official, which also eliminated the ruling rules of aristocratic monopoly society.
The imperial examination system was first implemented in Yang Di for three years, and Jinshi was opened. They use the examination method to select Jinshi, mainly to test the theoretical knowledge of current affairs and politics, which is equivalent to writing an analysis paper on current affairs and politics, and selecting excellent articles from it to select talents.
The word Jinshi first appeared in The Book of Rites? The original meaning of the word "Wang Zhi" is that it can be accepted by the Lord. At that time, the main task of selecting Jinshi was to test the time policy. This is a political paper about the political life of the country at that time, which is called a trial strategy.
Although it was a pioneering period, there was no system, but this method of selecting candidates by subjects and trying to choose by strategy closely combined reading, taking exams and being an official, which opened a new page in the election history of China.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, imperial examinations were gradually standardized and institutionalized, and they were also called stereotyped candidates by the world.
The imperial examinations in Ming and Qing dynasties were divided into four levels. The lowest level is called the imperial examination, which is invigilated by officials of prefectures and counties. After passing the examination, it is a scholar. Then after obtaining the provincial exam, it is the provincial exam, and those who pass the exam become a juren. The higher level is the examination, which is presided over by the Ministry of Rites and passed by Gong. If you can pass this exam, you are eligible to take the highest level exam, that is, the palace exam.
Palace examination, also known as Shi Ting, is presided over by the emperor himself, and the emperor will examine the papers of those who have won Gong Shi in advance. At this time, the emperor had a certain tendency to choose the pros and cons, drew up the questions to be asked by the courtiers and asked for answers.
At the court scene, the emperor will ask questions with one or all of them, let everyone answer or compete one by one, choose the first, second and third place with the best answer, and hand-picked praise on the spot. The first place chosen by the emperor is the champion, the second place is the second place, and the third place is the flower exploration.
Among them, after having obtained the provincial examination, the first place was Xie Yuan, the first place was Hui Yuan, and the first place was No.1 scholar, collectively known as Sanyuan. Three yuan in a row is a much-told story in the imperial examination field. Only Huang Guan in Hongwu period and Shang Lu in orthodox period participated in the tripartite confrontation in Ming Dynasty.
Anyone who can pass palace examination can at least get a Jinshi. If anyone can get the first place in the exam, he can not only get high officials and high salaries, but also be famous all over the world. What's more, he will be married on the spot by the emperor, and the glory can be imagined. Under normal circumstances, the champion will be awarded to the Hanlin Academy for editing.
The top scholar got the equivalent of the current administrative level, or academic qualifications.
In ancient times, the imperial court usually had one subject every three years. There are about 18 people in every court draft, and there is only one scholar. Every year, there are at least 20,000 people from Kao Xiucai to Gong's family, and not less than 65,438+10,000 in three years.
A top scholar is one in a million. Generally, the top three people in the court examination are all employed in imperial academy, and they are awarded seven grades for editing, but they will not be directly arranged as county officials (the rank of county officials is seven grades), and will be released after several years.
Imperial academy here is equivalent to China Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering and Policy Research Institute, and it is the national talent pool for gathering intellectuals. Only by studying national laws and regulations, system planning, social structure, etc., will these people be reused. And learn, accumulate and precipitate certain knowledge and experience in governing the country.
If it corresponds to the administrative level, the past champion should be equivalent to the current middle-level cadres (that is, equivalent to the level of county magistrate, but unless the emperor asks questions on the spot and answers well, he will not be directly appointed as a county magistrate). If it corresponds to the current education, it is at least a master's degree, and it is a master's graduate student who graduated from a top school like Tsinghua.