Research progress papers on nanotechnology ethics

2007

Nanotechnology brings us philosophy.

Abstract: Nanotechnology refers to the preparation, research and industrialization of ceramic materials on the nanometer scale, and the research and industrialization of nano-materials span the comprehensive technical system. The development of nanotechnology has expanded the ability of human beings to understand the micro-world, and you can explore mysterious people and the world on the micro-scale. On the other hand, we should also see the disaster caused by improper application of nanotechnology. Based on the achievements of nanotechnology, this paper summarizes the harm of philosophical dialectical thinking.

Keywords: nanotechnology philosophical thinking solutions

1 Text Nanotechnology and Its Achievements

1. 1 What is nanotechnology?

Nano is a transliteration of English, which is a physical measurement unit. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter, which is equivalent to the length of 45 atoms arranged together. In layman's terms, it is equivalent to one tenth of the thickness of a person's hair. Just like the concept of millimeter, micron and nanometer scale, it has no physical meaning. When the material reaches the nano-scale, the range is 1- 100 nm, and the properties of the material will suddenly change and have special properties. These are two different atoms and molecules, and they are also the macroscopic properties of the material composition different from specific materials, that is, the original composition of nano-materials. If it is only on the nano scale and has no special properties, it cannot be called nano-materials. In the past, people only paid attention to atoms, molecules or space, and often ignored the intermediate field, which is actually rich in nature, but the performance of this scale range was not known before. Small size effect, surface area effect and quantum size effect of nano-scale properties. Japanese scientists first realized the properties of nanometer and introduced the concept of nanometer. In the 1970s, they worked by the method of ultra-micro ion evaporation, and found their properties through research: a copper-silver conductor with electrical and thermal conductivity lost its original properties after being made into nano-scale, and it was neither conductive nor thermally conductive. The magnetic material, similar to Fe-Co alloy, is made into a size of about 20-30 nanometers, and the magnetic domain becomes a single magnetic domain, which is 1000 times higher than the original magnetic field. In the mid-1980s, this material was officially named nano-material.

1.2&NBS process ceramic mold p;

Nanotechnology Nanotechnology refers to nanotechnology ranging from 0. 1 to 100 nm.

The research field of nano-materials is the most influential and dynamic research object for future economic and social development, but it is also the most active and close to application part of nano-technology. In recent years, nanomaterials and nanostructures have made remarkable achievements. For example, the appearance of magnetic quantum disk nanorod array with storage density per square centimeter, low-cost, high-efficiency luminescent nanoribbon tunable laser array, low-cost and high-energy conversion nanostructured solar cells and thermoelectric conversion elements, and high-strength and high-toughness nanocomposites ablated by 400g rail gun shows that it is a new pillar industry and has application potential in national economy and high-tech fields. As American scientists have estimated, "this tiny invisible man may have brought a revolution to all fields of matter." The application of nano-materials and nano-structures will enter a new opportunity for how to adjust the layout of pillar industries of the national economy, design new products, form new industries and transform traditional industries with high technology. The scientific significance of nano-materials and nano-structures lies in that they open up a new level of understanding of nature and are the source of knowledge innovation. Due to the nano-scale structural unit (1 100urn) and the characteristic length of many materials, such as the predetermined wavelength of electron, superconducting coherence length, the thickness of tunneling barrier and the critical size of strong magnetism, the physical and chemical properties of nano-materials and nanostructures are different, ranging from microscopic atoms and molecules to macroscopic objects, thus enabling people to explore nature and create knowledge. The birth state of nano-materials has been attracting people's attention for many years. In 1990s, the scope of expanding the connotation of nano-materials was gradually broadened. An outstanding feature is that basic research and applied research are closely linked, the transformation speed of laboratory results exceeds people's expectations, and important progress has been made in basic research and applied research.

4 development trend of nanotechnology industry

(1) Nanotechnology in the information industry: The information industry not only plays an important role abroad, but also in China. In 2000, China's information industry created a GDP of 580 billion yuan. The application of nanotechnology in the information industry is mainly manifested in three aspects of nanotechnology in my eyes: ① papers on network communication, broadband network communication, nano-structured devices, chip technology and high-definition digital display technology. Because no matter communication, integration or display, the original devices in the United States have been working, and now they are single electron devices, tunnel electron devices and spin electron devices, which have been successfully developed in the laboratory and may enter the market in 200 1 year. (2) Optoelectronic devices, molecular electronic devices and giant magnetoelectronic devices are still relatively backward in China, but these original equipment entered the commodity market, even in 10, so the research in this field in China was advanced from 15 to 20 years. ③ The research level of key nano-network communication devices such as network communication lasers, filters, resonators, micro-capacitors and microelectrodes is not backward, only in Anhui Province. (4) Varistors, nonlinear resistors, etc. And zinc oxide nano-materials can be added.

(2) The environmental protection industry is in nanotechnology: nanotechnology is an irreplaceable technology for water pollutants of 20 nm and 200 nm in the air. In order to purify the environment, we must use nanotechnology. Now, we have successfully prepared a mobile device that can degrade formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, and the harmful gas exceeding 10ppm is reduced to 0. 1ppm air. The device has entered the practical stage of production. Composite photocatalytic nano-materials prepared by porous beads have been successfully used to degrade organic pollutants such as phenol in organic wastewater, which are difficult to be degraded by traditional techniques, and have good degradation effect. In recent years, many companies have devoted themselves to photocatalytic nano-technology treatment and other industries to improve water quality and achieved initial results. The nano-composite technology of rare earth cerium oxide, precious metal processing equipment and automobile exhaust have changed obviously. Recently, a preliminary study on pollution control of freshwater algae has been successfully carried out in the laboratory.

(3) Energy and environmental protection nanotechnology: Rational utilization of traditional energy and development of new energy are our current and future important tasks. In the rational utilization of traditional energy sources, detergents and accelerators are mainly used to make coal burn and burn out of the cycle, thus reducing sulfur emissions and eliminating the need for auxiliary devices. In addition, using nanotechnology to improve gasoline and diesel fuel additives is actually a small molecular substance with combustible liquid clusters, which is burned and purified. The development of new energy at home and abroad has made rapid progress, becoming non-combustible gas and combustible gas. R&D is now a major international energy conversion material, which has been done. It includes converting solar energy into electrical energy, converting thermal energy into electrical energy and converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

(4) Nano-biomedicine: This is one of the most promising fields after China's entry into WTO. At present, the international pharmaceutical industry is facing a new decision, that is, to develop the pharmaceutical industry on the nanometer scale. The essential substance of nano-biomedicine is extracted from animals and plants, and then combined on the nano-scale to maximize the curative effect. Is this the right idea? China traditional Chinese medicine. After extraction, there are essentially several skeletons, such as sugar and starch, which can be absorbed by the human body to release drugs efficiently and pertinently. Using nanotechnology can improve traditional medicine.

(5) Nanotechnology and new materials: Although nanotechnology and new materials are not final products, they are very important. According to American estimates, by the 265438+1930s, 40% of steel and metal materials in automobiles will be replaced by light and high-strength materials, which can save more than 40% of gas and reduce 40% of carbon dioxide emissions. In this way, you can earn10 billion dollars a year and create social benefits. In addition, various functional materials, such as glass, are transparent but heavy, which makes it lighter. Therefore, this material not only has mechanical properties, but also has other functions, such as light color, light storage, reflection of various ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, light absorption, light storage and so on.

(6) The transformation of traditional industries by nanotechnology: For China, it is divided into nanotechnology at present, and the best opportunity for the combination of nanotechnology and traditional industries lies in various technical fields. The first is the household appliances, light industry and electronics industries. Hefei Meiling Group began to develop nano refrigerators from 1996. The door seal of the foldable PVC magnetic refrigerator is not moldy, and the fruit inside is made of nano-materials. With the development of light industry, electronic products and household appliances can drive industries such as coatings, materials and electronic components, followed by textiles. With the development trend of man-made fiber and textile industry, China's entry into WTO can occupy a favorable position, and now it is necessary to make full use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Last year's TV promotion of thermal insulation clothing, the application of nanotechnology, has some special functions, such as anti-static and flame retardant. Nano-conductive materials can be assembled at a pressure of 1 10000 volts, which can be a human shield. In this regard, the textile industry applying nanotechnology is promising. Third, the power industry. The 200,000-volt and 1 1 10,000-volt transformer transmission porcelain wheels with nanotechnology, 1 1 10,000-volt electric shock performance can increase the porcelain glaze, which is frost-free, and other comprehensive properties are excellent. Fourthly, the involvement of paints and coatings in building materials industry, including various ceramic glazes, inks and nanotechnology, can improve the performance of products.

The development of nanotechnology and the continuous development of materials have greatly changed our lives, but the safety of nano-materials has attracted people's attention.

Reflective nanotechnology

From the "nano toothpaste" nano skin cream, we can know that there are more than 300 kinds of products using nanotechnology in the global market. Nanotechnology began to enter people's life. At the same time, people have been worried about the potential safety problems of nano-materials.

As early as three years ago, several people reported the confusion of "nano", an emerging technology with great potential. At the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society in 2003, three research groups published a special report on the toxicity of nanomaterials. The research team of NASA found that carbon nanotubes can enter alveoli to form granuloma, which is a typical tuberculosis. A research team from DuPont also found similar results. Researchers at the University of new york at Rochester exposed mice containing PTFE particles with a diameter of 20nm to air for 15 minutes and died within the next 4 hours, while the other group was unharmed, and the air contained particles with a diameter of 120nm. The research team also found that in another experiment, nanoparticles can enter the olfactory bulb of rats and migrate to the brain.

At present, the focus of nanotechnology is safety: the potential risk of negative impact of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. Although the toxicity of nanomaterials is still unclear, experts agree that it is necessary to conduct special research on the potential risks and adverse effects of nanotechnology.

Terminology of nanotechnology —— Eric dressler of Massachusetts Institute of Technology published a book entitled "Created by the Inventor of Engine" as early as 1986, which introduced in detail the current situation, future development potential and danger of atomic nanotechnology of various substances. It not only aroused his interest in nanotechnology, but also made many people worry about the future nanotechnology. "The risks of nanotechnology far outweigh its benefits." This statement has been common in the scientific community throughout the 1990s. At the end of 2000, Discovery magazine named 20 major dangers 2 1 century, and the impact of nanotechnology and planets on the earth, global epidemic, is one of them. Therefore, in the eyes of scientists, nanotechnology is dangerous. Where is it? It started talking about Schiller. In his book, dressler imagines that things are called "the fittest" and can be taken and put by atomic nano-machines. Molecular-sized artificial nano-machines can make things like human bodies, protein and enzymes, such as televisions and computers-including themselves. So scientists are beginning to worry that if you can listen to these people's orders, that's a good thing, but if the control program is wrong or used maliciously, do you want a computer worm to copy itself indefinitely, thus covering and destroying the whole earth?