The results of basic research are mostly measured in the form of scientific papers, and the quality of the papers can be seen by the number of citations. Most papers in the world are used almost zero times, and only a few good papers have been cited hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Therefore, people design indicators to measure the quality of basic research. One is the natural index, which is mainly reflected in the paper. Accurately speaking, it measures the papers published in 68 first-class journals. The second is called research frontier, and this research object is also a paper, but if several papers are often cited together, it forms a research frontier. The third type is a highly cited researcher, which is different from the first two in reading papers. This is to look at people, that is, those leaders in various fields. We mainly introduce the natural index.
There is an internationally renowned top academic journal Nature, which was founded on 1869. It is a leading international science weekly and the core periodical of natural science research brand. 20 14, which sets up an index called natural index. Natural index is a database that counts the number of papers published by universities and research institutions (countries) in the most influential research-oriented academic journals in the world, relying on 68 top journals in the world. It covers physics, chemistry, geology, biology and astronomy. It's just a natural science in the ordinary sense, so there is no math.
There are three ways to calculate the natural index. The first one is called the article index (AC), and one of them appears in this list of authors. If this paper is yours, I'll give you a point. The second type is called fractional counting (FC). If an article has n authors, it is divided into n equal parts, and each author is considered to have one-third contribution. The third method is called weighted scoring method (WFC). Among the 68 first-class periodicals, there are many astronomical periodicals, about five times as many as other fields. So it needs to be revised again, reducing the weight of astronomical papers by 5 times and multiplying it by 0.2 to become a weighted score.
Weighted Score Counting (WFC) is the most important index in natural science research, and its basic idea is reasonable, which can better reflect the contribution rate of international high-level academic achievements in various countries, so it is regarded as an important criterion to judge a country's scientific and technological level. According to the 20 16 Weighted Score Measurement (WFC), China is the second largest contributor to high-quality scientific research papers in the world, second only to the United States, followed by Germany, Britain, Japan and France, so China's scientific and technological level is very high in the world.