The manuscript of Yuan Longping's paper was published, with the file *** 134 pages, and the starting and ending dates from 1965 to198/year, including * * manuscript, breeding plan, report, instruction outline, etc. 14 articles with more than 90,000 words. Yuan Longping walked in rice fields all his life.
The manuscript of Yuan Longping's paper is published, which is a precious material collected by 1 in Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center-the first manuscript of the paper on hybrid rice written by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice".
△ manuscript of Yuan Longping's paper "Rice Male Sterility"
The manuscript is placed in a seemingly ordinary brown kraft paper folder, and the manuscript of Yuan Longping's early comprehensive materials is handwritten at the title of the portfolio.
△ Yuan Longping's early comprehensive material manuscript
The file * * * is 134 pages, with the starting and ending dates from 1965 to 198 1 year, including the manuscript of the paper "Rice Male Sterility", breeding plan, report outline, etc. 14, with more than 90,000 words. Pages of yellowed paper record the sweat and sincerity of the winners of "* * * and National Medal".
△ Yuan Longping manuscript directory
During the three years from 1959 to 196 1, China encountered serious economic difficulties, and its grain production was greatly reduced. As the first batch of college students trained in New China, Yuan Longping is determined to solve the food problem with his major.
Yuan Longping: It's been three hard years, and it's really sad to have no food! Especially in a country with a large population and so little arable land per capita, food security is particularly important. China people should take their own work into their own hands, not rely on others.
One day in July, 196 1, as usual, Yuan Longping was walking in a paddy field when a rice plant that stood out from the crowd caught his attention. The spikes are large and neat, and the grains are full. Yuan Longping is very happy. It is estimated that the yield of this variety is no problem, so the next year he tried to sow with expectation.
Yuan Longping: In the second year, 1000 plants were planted, which was well managed. I go to the field to observe every day, hoping that the variety show will become Jackie Chan. As a result, when heading, it was disappointing, tall and tall, short and short, early and early, late and late, and no one was as good as its father.
Although the subsequent experiments were unsuccessful, the outstanding rice inspired Yuan Longping: it may be a natural hybrid rice formed by the complementary advantages of two varieties. So can we cultivate hybrid rice by using heterosis through artificial methods?
△ Yuan Longping's paper "Rice Male Sterility"
Rice is a self-pollinating plant, and a small flower has both male and female flowers. It is almost impossible to cross two different rice varieties by artificial methods and emasculate thousands of flowers for pollination. Another method is to cultivate a rice with degenerated stamens as the female parent.
Therefore, Yuan Longping embarked on a long road to find rice male sterile plants.
△ Yuan Longping (third from left) is working in the field.
Zhao Bingran, a researcher at Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, is a doctoral student in Yuan Longping. He said that rice blooms at 10 in the morning and ends at noon, so Yuan Longping needs to check one by one in the hottest period of the day.
Zhao Bingran: There is a difference between male sterility and fertile anthers, but you can't see it when you stand on the ridge of the field. You must go there. You have to look at the ones that have just bloomed and the ones that are blooming. And choose sunny weather, because it will bloom better. Summer or autumn in Hunan is the hottest period under the scorching sun or during lunch. In that case, day after day.
Yuan Longping hunched his back in the paddy field, checking tens of thousands of ears of rice. Finally, in 19 64 and 1965, he found six male sterile plants in the rice fields of the internship farm of Anjiang Agricultural School and the nearby production team.
△ Legend of Yuan Longping's paper "Rice Male Sterility"
The process of plant discovery and breeding plan ... is recorded word for word.
1On February 28th, 966, the manuscript-based paper "Male Sterility in Rice" was published in Science Bulletin, which became the opening work of Yuan Longping's thought of "hybrid rice".
△ Copy of Yuan Longping's paper "Rice Male Sterility"
Zhao Bingran said that after the publication of this paper, it was noticed by the comrades of the Ninth Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission (now the Ministry of Science and Technology) and recommended to Zhao Quartz, director of the Ninth Bureau. Zhao Quartz thought this paper was very important and made a report to the leaders at that time. Since then, Yuan Longping's research has been strongly supported by the government.
Where there is a will, there is a way. 1 In 970, Yuan Longping discovered a male sterile wild rice with pollen abortion1in the swamp of Nanhong Farm, and named it "Wild Abortion". The research of hybrid rice has opened a breakthrough since then.
△ Yuan Longping and his colleagues devoted themselves to the study of hybrid rice.
1973, Yuan Longping officially announced the success of the three-line combination of indica hybrid rice, marking a major breakthrough in the utilization of rice heterosis in China.
"Love freedom, expertise is loose", but Yuan Longping walked in rice fields all his life. After the death of Mr. Yuan Longping, now his son Yuan has inherited his father's dream: during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, he will plant 200,000 mu of salt-tolerant rice in Xing 'an League, Inner Mongolia, helping local rice growers to double their income.
According to Zhao Bingran, according to Yuan Longping's last wish, 100 million mu of saline-alkali land can be expanded to grow rice within ten years, with an average yield of more than 300 kilograms per mu. In this way, the annual production of 30 billion kilograms of rice can feed 80 million people. Perhaps at that time, his "dream of enjoying the cool under the grain" and "dream of hybrid rice covering the whole world" really came true.
Let's take a look at this manuscript document again: the neat handwritten Chinese characters on red square paper have now become seeds scattered on the ground. Thanks to the efforts of Yuan Longping and his research team, the foundation of food security in China has been firmly established, which has played a "ballast stone" role for economic and social development, and the people of China have finally firmly put their rice bowls in their own hands.
Li Jianwu: I am Li Jianwu, director of the cultivation room of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center. I came to the research center in 2009. The paper "Rice Male Sterility" is a must-read document for our researchers engaged in hybrid rice research. Our teacher Yuan often tells us that rice specialty is an applied science. Rice can't grow in a computer, nor can it grow in a book. If you want to grow rice, you must go to the fields. That's what he told us and that's what he did. He has made great contributions to ensuring China's food security.
The manuscript of Yuan Longping's paper was published on May 22nd, 20021year 13: 07. Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice" and the winner of "* * * and National Medal" of China Academy of Engineering, died in Changsha, Hunan at the age of 9 1. After the news came out, the whole country made a sensation.
On July 3rd, 20021,researcher Wang Kejian of Rice Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences published a magazine, remembering and reviewing the life of Academician Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice in China". He believed that he devoted his life to hybrid rice research and made great contributions to global food security and poverty alleviation.
Academician Yuan Longping is a pioneer in the research and development of hybrid rice in China and the first scientist in the world who successfully utilized the advantages of hybrid rice. He is known as the "father of hybrid rice". He broke through the shackles of classical genetics and began to study hybrid rice on 1 964, and successfully bred the world's first practical and high-yield hybrid rice variety "Nanyou No.2". Since 1976, the achievements of hybrid rice have been widely used in China, which has greatly improved the yield and total output of rice. For more than 20 years, he led the team to tackle key problems of super hybrid rice, and achieved large-scale demonstration of 10.5 ton, 12 ton, 13.5 ton and 13.5 ton per hectare in 2000, 2004 and 20/4 respectively. The newly bred third-generation hybrid rice Sanyou 1 has an average yield of 9 1 1.7 kg in 2020, and the average yield of the second-generation early hybrid rice is 6 19.06 kg, with an annual output of 1530.76 kg, thus realizing the rice yield per mu.
"Developing hybrid rice to benefit people all over the world" is Yuan Longping's lifelong pursuit. In order to realize this ambition, he has long been committed to promoting hybrid rice to the world. At present, hybrid rice has been planted in India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, the United States, Brazil, Madagascar and other countries, with an annual planting area of 8 million hectares, and the average yield per hectare is about 2 tons higher than that of local excellent varieties.
Yuan Longping 198 1 won the national special prize for invention, 200 1 won the first national highest science and technology award, 20 14 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress, 20 18 won the title of "pioneer of reform" and 20/kloc-0. He also won more than 20 awards at home and abroad, including the UNESCO Science Award.