080302: Material Forming and Control Engineering
Training objectives
This major cultivates the theoretical basis of material science and engineering, material forming and processing and its control engineering, and mold.
Material forming and control engineering
Senior engineering and technical personnel and management personnel who can engage in scientific research, application development, design, production and management, design and manufacture of technologies and equipment in the fields of machinery, molds, material molding and processing. This major is divided into four training modules:
(a) welding forming and control:
Cultivate senior technical personnel who can meet the needs of society and master the basic theory of welding forming, welding of metal materials, welding inspection, welding methods and equipment, welding production management and other comprehensive knowledge.
(2) Casting forming and control
This is one of the occupations in which talents are most needed in society at present. There are mainly sand casting, pressure casting, precision casting, metal mold casting, low pressure casting, extrusion casting and other professional technologies and the development direction of professional new technologies.
(3) Pressure treatment and control
Divided into forging and stamping, it occupies a very important position in the national economy.
(4) Mold design and manufacture:
Senior technical personnel who master the basic theory of material plastic forming, mold design and manufacturing, mold computer-aided design and material plastic forming production management.
Edit this course setting.
Because material forming and control include welding, casting, pressure processing and mold design, each aspect is very different. So the courses will be different according to the focus of the school.
Main courses: advanced mathematics, college physics, basic foreign languages, Marxist philosophical principles, computer application, mechanical drawing, theoretical mechanics, material mechanics, mechanical principles, electrical and electronic technology, metallurgy, metal technology, material metallurgy and molding technology, material molding equipment and methods, material molding microcomputer application, advanced manufacturing technology, detection technology and control engineering, technical economics, CAD/CAM foundation, surface engineering, and so on. Metal material welding, welding methods and welding equipment, welding inspection, plastic forming theory, rubber and plastic material forming technology, rubber and plastic forming mold, metal stamping technology and mold design, mold manufacturing technology and other professional foundation and professional course knowledge.
The main practical teaching links include metalworking practice, mechanical hot working practice, mechanical design course design, professional practice, comprehensive design, graduation design (thesis) and so on.
Main professional experiments: including comprehensive experiments of material metallurgy and molding technology, comprehensive experiments of material molding equipment and methods, comprehensive experiments of automatic control of material molding, etc.
Edit this paragraph to cultivate characteristics.
This major involves a wide range of knowledge and a large amount of information, and pays attention to the cultivation of English ability, computer ability and practical ability, so that students have strong adaptability, innovation ability and problem-solving ability. In addition, we also pay attention to students' quality education and cultivate high-quality compound talents with innovative spirit.
Edit the employment destination of this paragraph.
This major has the right to award bachelor, master and doctor degrees in engineering, and students can choose to continue their studies. study
Related books
After graduation, I entered the fields of iron and steel enterprises, machinery manufacturing, automobile and ship manufacturing, metal and rubber and plastic materials processing, and engaged in production process control, technology development, scientific research, enterprise management, trade marketing and other aspects related to welding material molding, mold design and manufacturing. It has similar employment direction and growth route with mechanical specialty. At the same time, because the employment direction units are mostly heavy industry units, the working environment is not ideal, and the employment situation of female students is not as good as that of male students.
Main subjects: mechanical engineering, material science and engineering.
Main courses: engineering mechanics, mechanical principle and mechanical parts, electrical and electronic technology, microcomputer principle and application, thermal processing technology foundation, thermal processing technology equipment and design, detection technology and control engineering, CAD/CAM foundation.
Main practical teaching links: including military training, metalworking, electrician, electronic practice, cognitive practice, production practice, social practice, curriculum design, graduation design (thesis) and so on. Generally, major professional experiments should be arranged for more than 40 weeks: comprehensive experiments on plastic forming process, casting process, welding process, material properties and verification, and CAD computer experiments.
Training objectives: This major trains senior engineering and technical personnel who have basic knowledge and application ability of mechanical thermal processing and can engage in design, manufacturing, experimental research, operation management and sales in the field of thermal processing in the first line of industrial production.
Training requirements
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and technology of materials science and various hot working processes and the design methods of related equipment, and have the basic ability to engage in the design and production organization and management of various hot working processes and equipment.
graduate
You should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Have a solid foundation in natural science, good foundation in humanities, arts and social sciences, and be able to use their own spoken and written languages correctly; 2. Systematically master the extensive technical and theoretical basic knowledge of this major, including mechanics, mechanics, electrical and electronic technology, thermal processing technology, automation, market economy, enterprise management, etc.; 3. Have the basic skills of drawing, calculation, testing, document retrieval and basic process operation necessary for this major and strong computer and foreign language application ability; 4. Have the necessary professional knowledge in a certain professional direction in this professional field, and understand the scientific frontier and development trend; 5. Have strong self-study ability, innovative consciousness and high comprehensive quality.
subject
Main subjects: mechanical engineering, material science and engineering.
Main courses: engineering mechanics, mechanical principle and mechanical parts, electrical and electronic technology, microcomputer principle and application, thermal processing technology foundation, thermal processing technology equipment and design, detection technology and control engineering, CAD/CAM foundation, etc.
Main practical teaching links: including military training, metalworking, electrician, electronic practice, cognitive practice, production practice, social practice, curriculum design, graduation design (thesis) and so on. Generally, major professional experiments should be arranged for more than 40 weeks: comprehensive experiments such as plastic forming process, casting process, welding process, material properties and verification, CAD computer experiments, etc.
Study time: four years
Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering
Similar major: mechanical design, manufacturing and automation.
The development of history
In the development history of New China for more than 50 years, undergraduate education has been in an absolute dominant position for a long time, and a large number of applied, technical and professional talents needed for national economic and social development are mainly cultivated by undergraduate education. In the early 1950s, in the process of studying the practices of the Soviet Union in an all-round way, our country formed the undergraduate education thoughts of "matching majors" and "applying what we have learned". The school has set up specialties such as casting, forging, welding and heat treatment according to the industry field. In the specific historical period at that time, this practice played an important role in promoting the development of higher education in China and cultivating talents for national economic construction. But there are also many problems, such as: the specialty setting is too narrow, the humanistic quality education is weak, the teaching content is outdated, the teaching method is too rigid, and the training mode is single. With the rapid development of China's higher education from elite education to popular education, these problems have become increasingly prominent.
In the early 1980s, with the establishment of materials science and engineering disciplines, the major of thermal processing in some universities in China turned to the development of materials disciplines, resulting in the situation that the major of thermal processing occupied half of the material disciplines and half of the mechanical disciplines. Most of the majors of metal raw materials and heat treatment have been transferred to the material discipline, while quite a few majors such as casting, forging and welding have remained in the mechanical discipline. During the period of 1998, when the Ministry of Education adjusted the catalogue of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities, a new undergraduate major, Material Forming and Control Engineering, was established, covering some original mechanical majors and some material class. At present, there are more than 100 colleges and universities offering materials forming and control engineering in China, most of which focus on the original hot working specialty (such as casting, plastic working, welding, heat treatment, etc. ). Due to the differences in professional foundation, professional orientation and development goals of colleges and universities, the training modes and plans are also very different.
In 2002, the Sub-committee of Teaching Guidance of Material Forming and Control Engineering held a meeting in Xining, and analyzed the current situation of the specialty of Material Forming and Control Engineering in Chinese universities. There are three main training modes for this major. First, broaden the foundation and adopt professional training mode to meet the domestic talent demand. The other is based on the original hot work major, but it cancels the professional direction, strengthens the basic knowledge, expands the adaptation field, and implements the wide-caliber generalist training mode; The third category is based on the original mechanical specialty, covering the field of thermal processing, forming the training mode of mechanical engineering and its automation specialty. In addition to the above three training modes, the specialty field of undergraduate specialty of welding technology and engineering approved by the Ministry of Education should also belong to the specialty field of material forming and control engineering. In view of the above situation, the Teaching Steering Committee of Material Forming and Control Engineering has instructed Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi Jiaotong University, Hefei University of Technology and other units to take the lead in formulating the guiding professional training plan for the above four situations, and submitted it to the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Steering Committee of Mechanical Teaching in April 2003.
development trends
The specialty of material forming and control engineering is not established according to the characteristics of the industry, nor according to the characteristics of the discipline, and its development has its particularity. According to the analysis of the current situation and market demand of this major, it is estimated that the future development of this major mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Advanced manufacturing technology will be the leading technology development direction of this major in the future.
Advanced manufacturing technology is the general name of cutting-edge manufacturing technology that absorbs the latest achievements of machinery, electronics, information, materials and modern management in traditional manufacturing industry, and is applied to the whole manufacturing process to achieve high quality, high efficiency, low consumption, agility and pollution-free production. The main development trends of manufacturing technology today are: manufacturing technology is developing towards automation, integration and intelligence; Manufacturing technology develops to high precision; More and more attention will be paid to sustainable manufacturing technology that comprehensively considers social and environmental requirements and saves resources. At present, casting, forging and welding technologies are developing towards near-net forming, near-no-allowance machining, precision joining, micro-joining and micro-forming, which constitute an important part of advanced manufacturing technology.
2. Thick foundation and wide specialty will become the main mode of talent training for this major.
The major of Material Forming and Control Engineering is a mechanical discipline with typical characteristics of material discipline, and the basic knowledge of mechanical discipline and material discipline constitutes the basic knowledge system of this discipline. This characteristic determines that the talent training of material forming and control engineering specialty is bound to be broad-caliber, and the foundation of material forming and control engineering specialty based on the basic knowledge of machinery and materials discipline is bound to be solid. With the integration of old majors and the development of science and technology, the cultivation of talents in this major will inevitably move towards a mode of thick foundation and wide specialty.
3. In the future, classified culture will still occupy the main position.
At present, the major of material forming and control engineering in most colleges and universities still trains talents according to the mode of distinguishing different professional directions. On the one hand, it is difficult to completely get rid of the original professional traces when the old major of casting, forging and welding is transformed into a new major of material forming. On the other hand, the market demand for talents has not adapted to the professional changes, and talents are still recruited according to the characteristics of the industry. This situation will continue for some time, and will gradually change with the establishment and improvement of professional training functions of society and factories and enterprises.
exist problem
As far as the present situation of material forming and control engineering specialty is concerned, there are the following problems:
The theoretical preparation of professional teaching reform is insufficient.
Although the guiding ideology of China's higher education reform contains the content that "teaching reform is the core", due to the heavy task of system reform, involving many universities and being extremely effective, undergraduate teaching reform has never become a hot spot in higher education research. Therefore, most of the undergraduate teaching reforms in various schools are carried out without sufficient theoretical research, and the direction of reform is not clear enough. It is often carried out while studying, accumulating experience and exploring theories in pilot projects. Judging from the undergraduate education reform projects of various schools, the projects or research groups are basically composed of scholars from various disciplines, not only scholars from related disciplines do not participate, but even theoretical workers in higher education rarely participate. Reform without theoretical guidance may be blind and the result is unpredictable. This problem has attracted the attention of relevant departments. The Ministry of Education has established a number of research projects of teaching guiding ideology in the "New Century Higher Education Teaching Reform Project Undergraduate Education Teaching Reform Project", which is believed to have an important impact on undergraduate education reform.
The overall goal of teaching reform is unclear.
From the perspective of reform ideas and practice, a few schools have carried out reform experiments to get through the basic teaching of some disciplines and majors, and some schools have carried out general education teaching reform experiments throughout the school. Most schools focus on undergraduate teaching reform in various disciplines and specialties, and the goals they pursue are generally to broaden the foundation, adjust the curriculum structure, update knowledge, change teaching methods, improve teaching facilities and experimental practice conditions. This shows that people can't fundamentally understand the chronic diseases of current undergraduate teaching. What they are doing now is just mending the basic mode of current undergraduate teaching, but they don't see that the overall goal of undergraduate teaching reform in China University should be to rebuild the undergraduate teaching system.
The professional connotation is not clear enough.
Because the original foundations of the major of Material Forming and Control Engineering in colleges and universities are different, and the requirements for the training specifications of professionals are also different, colleges and universities have not completely got rid of the old professional framework, but only adjusted and revised it on the basis of the old major. Because this kind of adjustment and revision often lacks an accurate grasp of the professional connotation and the foresight of professional development, although there is a situation of "letting a hundred flowers blossom" on the surface, it is actually a low-level and imperfect temporary measure, which has the impression of "old wine in new bottles" compared with the original old specialty. This situation is caused by unclear professional connotation.
The objectives and specifications of professional personnel training lack hierarchy.
Judging from the training plans of materials forming and control engineering in dozens of universities, the training goal is basically to "train senior engineering and technical personnel", whether it is a research university, a teaching and research university or an ordinary university. This high consistency of training objectives can not meet the market demand for all kinds of talents, and is not conducive to the development of school characteristics. With the rapid development of science and technology today, engineering majors need to train not only senior engineering and technical personnel, but also scientific research and professional personnel. However, colleges and universities have not yet formed a clear division of labor in the types of personnel training. In terms of training specifications, the school pays more attention to the knowledge structure of talents, but lacks detailed requirements for the ability structure and quality structure, and colleges and universities also lack hierarchical positioning in training specifications.
The relationship between broadening the caliber and vocational quality education has not been solved so far.
In view of the narrow caliber of talent training specialty in China, it is undoubtedly correct to broaden the professional orientation, especially in recent years. In the specific operation, it is difficult to grasp the degree of widening the relationship between broadening the professional caliber and maintaining the professional characteristics. Generally speaking, there are great differences among different types of schools in terms of personnel training objectives, the ratio of graduate students to undergraduates, the overall level of teachers, school traditions and style of study, the possibility of students participating in scientific research at an early stage, the environment for extracurricular cultural and scientific activities, the conditions for experimental practice, students' autonomous learning ability and the actual export flow of graduates. Therefore, different types of schools should set different professional standards and should not blindly compare. At present, the main problems existing in the design of talent training scheme are "single training mode and outdated teaching content", and there are two noteworthy problems: first, the orientation of training objectives in the scheme is not clear, the word "slogan" is used, and the orientation of objectives is too high and too wide, which is not targeted; The other is the curriculum system, especially the setting of professional basic courses, professional courses and practical teaching links does not correspond to the training objectives, and it is impossible to achieve the training objectives. Broadening the professional caliber is the general trend of reform, running a specialty with characteristics is the foundation, and grasping the "degree" of setting the professional caliber is the combination of the two.
Some ideas
Undergraduate education is not purely professional education. Undergraduate education is used to enrolling students by major and cultivating them by major. The so-called broadening the scope of specialty is also making a fuss within the scope of specialty. Although undergraduate education cannot exclude professional education, it does not mean professional education. Its connotation is deeper and its extension is wider than that of professional education. Undergraduate teaching should have a wider range of fields, lay a solid and extensive foundation for students in humanities, society, science, engineering and technology, and pave the way for students' diversified and personalized development.
Undergraduate education is not vocational training. For a period of time, undergraduate teaching emphasizes that the specialty setting should be consistent with social production, the curriculum setting should consider the practical application value, the teaching content should help students to be competent for specific work, and the teaching method emphasizes the actual production field teaching. Although it is impossible to completely cut off the relationship between undergraduate education and vocational demand, it is helpful for us to correctly understand the characteristics of undergraduate education to distinguish between undergraduate education and vocational training. Undergraduate education can and should provide some preparations for students' direct employment after graduation, but this is not its main mission. Its main task is to lay a foundation for students' development, so that they can have new and greater development after graduation. Therefore, undergraduate teaching should dilute the professional orientation and attach importance to the cultivation of students' scientific thinking, scientific methods and scientific spirit. Students should not only learn to study and work, but also learn to explore and create.
Undergraduate education is not conservative education. Undergraduate education has long lacked the spirit of facing the future, is too conservative and lacks innovation. The current situation of undergraduate teaching is to lay stress on theory, pay attention to asking students to master the known and controversial questions in the exam, teach students "correct" knowledge and methods, avoid divergent theories or viewpoints, and avoid teachers from expressing personal opinions in class, so as not to mislead students. It leads to the lack of vitality and vitality in teaching, and the teaching atmosphere is depressed and dull. It is difficult to cultivate talents who can make creative contributions to human civilization. Therefore, undergraduate education must change from the education facing the past to the education facing the future, and cultivate high-quality talents with innovative ability and spirit that can meet the requirements of future social development. Undergraduate teaching should design the curriculum system, teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means according to the demand of future knowledge society for human development. On the basis of making students master the outstanding achievements of human culture and science, we should pay special attention to cultivating students' critical spirit and enterprising spirit, so that students can develop a positive outlook on life, guide students to face the reality optimistically, and enhance their confidence and courage to meet challenges and create the future.
In addition, the internationalization of the curriculum is also an unavoidable problem, because the professional quality standards of students in the future have no national boundaries, and the internationalization and localization of the curriculum must be handled well. For some courses with China characteristics, we can also consider strengthening the reform of teaching methods. For example, deal with the relationship between theoretical teaching and practical teaching, the relationship between teachers' teaching and guiding discussion, research-based learning and so on.
Consider a problem carefully.
Clarify the professional connotation and determine the development direction
Material Forming and Control Engineering, as a newly established specialty during the adjustment of 1998 specialty, is not clear in its professional connotation due to its wide coverage and complex content.
The major of Material Forming and Control Engineering is an engineering major with molding technology as the means, materials as the processing object, process control as the quality assurance measure and product manufacturing as the purpose. Materials forming and control engineering, mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, industrial design and engineering equipment, control engineering and other majors all belong to mechanical disciplines, and the requirements for the basic theory of mechanical engineering are the same. The characteristics of taking materials as processing objects determine the basic knowledge of materials learning as the major, and the characteristics of taking process control as quality assurance measures determine that control theory becomes an important part of the basic knowledge of this discipline. Therefore, materials, automation and computer science and technology have become closely related disciplines. In addition, with the development of science and technology and the intersection of disciplines, this major is more closely dependent on mathematics, physics, chemistry, microelectronics, computer, system theory, information theory, cybernetics, modern management and other disciplines and their latest achievements than ever before.
Material forming and control engineering, which belongs to mechanical discipline, has typical characteristics of mechanical discipline and strong color of material discipline, and has become a veritable wide-caliber specialty with wide business fields and wide knowledge. It is of great significance for professional development to continue in-depth research and accurately define the professional connotation.
Training goal orientation
The orientation of training objectives is very important, which involves the development of material forming and control engineering specialty and the problem of talent training adapting to market demand. Although China's higher education has moved from elite education to mass education, it does not mean that the social market only needs generalists, not professionals. The needs of scientific research and engineering application also require the training of different types of professionals. Therefore, different types of schools should cultivate different types of talents according to market demand and their own characteristics. Some colleges and universities should shoulder the responsibility of elite education, focusing on cultivating scientific research-oriented and high-level talents in the discipline of material forming and control engineering, and the undergraduate stage should be professional education with general education as the main part; Another part of schools should focus on the popularization of higher education, shoulder the responsibility of popular education, focus on cultivating engineering and technical talents with professional application in this discipline, and pay equal attention to general education and specialty in undergraduate education; Higher vocational colleges focus on cultivating vocational applied and vocational applied compound talents, and the major is full-time vocational education. Each school can determine the professional training objectives according to its own level.
The market demand should also be considered in the orientation of the training goal of material forming and control engineering specialty. Whether undergraduate education is to cultivate generalists or specialists, whether it is centered on general education, vocational education or professional education, has always been a heated debate topic in higher education. The undergraduate general education in western countries is based on perfect continuing education, but there is still a big gap in this respect in China. On the one hand, some large enterprises have a perfect education and training system and sufficient education funds. On the other hand, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises still need graduates with strong industry background. Therefore, colleges and universities should further adapt to market demand, adjust the ratio of general education to professional education according to different training objectives, broaden the professional caliber, flexible the professional direction, and establish and improve the second degree and major and minor system.
Practical standpoint of cultivating innovative spirit and ability
At present, as far as colleges and universities are concerned, the following work should be done first: (1) The construction of teaching staff is the key. The teacher's real ability lies not in the formula application and problem-solving skills in class, but in the problem-solving ideas put forward. It is particularly important for teachers to receive scientific research training and participate in various academic exchanges at home and abroad through teaching, foreign languages and modern information technology. (2) In the field of teaching, all-round "linkage", that is, breaking through traditional concepts and strengthening innovative consciousness; Advocate education democracy and respect the spirit of innovation; Reform evaluation methods and establish innovative mechanisms; Pay attention to personality cultivation and create an innovative atmosphere; Broaden knowledge horizons and lay a solid foundation for innovation; Develop emotional intelligence, cultivate innovative quality and so on. (3) At present, we should pay special attention to the reform of teaching methods and examination methods. According to the different grades of students, we should gradually break through the teaching mode centered on teachers, books and classrooms. Through the reform of teaching management system, students' self-study time is increased, students are organized to participate in guided small-scale classroom discussions, students are guided to participate in teachers' scientific research work, and students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular scientific practice activities. (4) Build and transform a number of practice training centers (bases) that can cultivate students' practical ability, overcome difficulties and ensure the implementation of practice and experimental teaching.
Pay attention to post-university education
According to the requirement of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to form a learning society with all-people learning and lifelong learning, colleges and universities must study the all-round influence of the concept of lifelong education on higher education and explore their own position in the whole lifelong education system. Therefore, the study of post-university education is of direct significance for colleges and universities to determine the standards and modes of talent training.
Postgraduate education aims at cultivating outstanding talents with university degrees and elite scientific research talents. Although the number of graduate students in China is increasing, it is still a small part compared with the number of college students. The cultivation of graduate students is of great significance to China's scientific research and national economic construction. Therefore, some universities, especially research universities and teaching research universities, should incorporate the demand of postgraduate training into their undergraduate education.
Vocational skills education after university is generally carried out by trade associations or factories and enterprises. Western developed countries have formed a perfect system in this respect, but there is still a big gap in China. In view of the present situation in China, colleges and universities should not only consider making students adapt to the needs of practical work as soon as possible after graduation, but also pay attention to making university education adapt to the constantly developing vocational skills education. In the near future, university education should also pay attention to strengthening the training of professional knowledge and skills to adapt to the current situation in China. After the vocational skills education system is gradually improved, the focus of university education will gradually shift to general education.