1, the cause of cataract
First, the lenses mix to form a white barrier.
Ophthalmologist He said that the white barrier is caused by the mixing of the lenses of the eyes. Because the structure of the lens is originally transparent, it forms a white barrier after mixing, which affects vision. This lens is like a convex lens. After the light passes through the lens, it can be focused on the macula of the retina. If the lenses are mixed, it will affect the light, and the white eyes are cooked like transparent protein.
Second, the older you get, the more likely you are to suffer from leukodystrophy.
There are many reasons for leukodystrophy, but the most important one is related to the degeneration of lens with age. The so-called "old yellow" is to describe this state. Dr. He Taoyi pointed out that the older you get, the more likely you are to suffer from leukodystrophy, so senile leukodystrophy is mostly; Moreover, ultraviolet light is also an important factor leading to leukodystrophy, because ultraviolet light can change amino acid cells in eyes, especially holes in the atmosphere, and ultraviolet light is getting stronger and stronger, which are the reasons for more and more patients with leukodystrophy. Other causes are traumatic leukodystrophy, or drug-induced leukodystrophy caused by steroid drugs, and complex leukodystrophy caused by metabolic diseases. In addition, high myopia will also appear early-onset leukodystrophy.
Third, the main reason for the revival of white barriers is the blue light of 3C products.
Leukodystrophy can be divided into senile leukodystrophy and pathological leukodystrophy. Generally speaking, the proportion of senile leukodystrophy, that is, degenerative leukodystrophy, is the largest, and a small part is caused by diseases such as diabetes, iritis and glaucoma.
Recently, the surgery for leukodystrophy has been found to be younger. Dr. Zhang explained that, indeed, in the past, we found that most people who underwent leukemia surgery were 7 or 80 years old, but with the progress of surgical technology and materials, leukemia surgery was no longer performed after symptoms matured. Therefore, many 60-year-old people will discuss with their doctors whether they can have surgery to restore their vision and quality of life as soon as possible.
Especially with the popularization of 3C products, there are more and more cases of eye diseases caused by blue light. Dr. Zhang shared that nine times out of ten his patients used 3C products when undergoing cataract surgery. Our eyes have the function of filtering ultraviolet and blue light. Once the intraocular lens is replaced, special attention should be paid to the damage of blue light to the retina.
2. Cataract can be treated surgically.
First of all, gradually move towards accurate white eye surgery.
The treatment of leukodystrophy changes with each passing day. Dr. He further pointed out that the effect of drug therapy is limited, so surgery is the main treatment. In the early days, white cataract surgery was called sight recovery surgery. However, with the development of medical technology, phacoemulsification small incision refractive white cataract surgery has developed to the present knife-free femtosecond laser surgery. Not only the surgical methods are getting better and better, but also the problems such as astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia and presbyopia can be corrected at the same time, and it is gradually moving towards the era of precise white eye surgery.
Secondly, photochromic intraocular lens based on the principle of full line of sight is suitable for most white blind patients.
In addition to the improvement of surgical methods, intraocular lenses with different designs and special materials have also been developed, which has made cataract surgery go to a new realm of customization! Dr. He Taoyi said that the early IOLs were hard. Later, due to the progress of intraocular lens materials, foldable IOLs appeared, and even the color changed. Because ultraviolet and blue light are also important causes of white eye disorder and macular degeneration, yellow or other colors of IOLs appeared. The newly introduced intraocular lens has a kind of lens similar to the principle of full-vision color-changing glasses, that is, color-changing intraocular lens. In addition to the original effect of blocking ultraviolet rays, it has another advantage, that is, when going out to bask in the sun, the intraocular lens will turn pale yellow, and it can also filter some blue light, so it will not feel too dazzling. In the room, the lens will be transparent and will not darken. Because of its high stability, it is suitable for most patients with leukodystrophy. No matter what kind of intraocular lens the patient chooses, wearing sunglasses is still a necessary protective measure when going out in the sun during the day.
Third, avoid macular degeneration and reduce the deterioration rate of anti-blue lenses.
"Age-related macular degeneration is the first problem of blindness, and it must be indirectly related to blue light!" Dr. Zhang said that more and more studies show that after lens removal, the probability of age-related macular degeneration is higher. Research papers in recent two years also pointed out that anti-blue lenses can indeed reduce the speed of macular degeneration.
If people accept intraocular lens replacement, in the modern era when 3C products are so popular, from the doctor's point of view, we should remind patients who accept intraocular lens replacement to have the concept of preventing blue light and protect their retinas.
Many patients ask, anti-blue lenses are more expensive, so can eating foods containing lutein avoid macular degeneration? Dr. zhang explained that lutein is only one of the nutrients to prevent macular degeneration, such as zeaxanthin and carotene. In fact, there are many ways to reduce the damage of blue light to the eyes, such as external shading, implanting anti-blue lenses or correctly ingesting essential nutrients. It is suggested that people can also discuss with ophthalmologists how to choose the way to protect their eyes.
3. How long does it take to recover from cataract surgery?
After cataract surgery, it usually takes about a week to recover. Eye discomfort on the day of operation is a normal reaction and will gradually disappear after one day.
In order to protect your eyes, you must wear an eye mask when you go out or sleep. If you have constipation, don't push. Eat more papaya and bananas. Avoid coughing. It usually takes about a week to recover.
Drop eye drops on time, wash your hands before ordering medicine, and the eye drops should not touch your eyes and hands to prevent pollution. When ordering medicine, lower your eyelids with your hands (the surgical incision is above, but don't close your eyelids) and drop eye drops. If more than two kinds of eye drops are needed, the interval is 10 ~ 15 minutes.
Quit smoking and drinking after operation, avoid spicy food, eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep the stool unobstructed. The incision healed in about three weeks (diabetic patients should also extend the time appropriately). In the meantime, be careful not to let sewage enter the operator's eyes to prevent infection.
Try to avoid coughing hard. It is forbidden to bump, press, bow your head and rub your eyes during the operation. When taking a nap and sleeping at night, you should lie on your back or side for non-surgical eyes, and wear an eye mask to prevent eye damage.