Understand variables first:
Variables, as the name implies, are variables that can be changed, and variables describe a kind of properties of the research object. In quantitative research, we mainly study the relationship between variables, that is, the relationship between variables that can be changed.
These variables are:
Factors with variable characteristics
The essence of variables is "factors with variable characteristics"?
Measurement of a feature
Variables are empirical measures of features.
Gender is a variable that describes the attributes of human gender.
Variable is the protagonist and key point in quantitative research. By studying the relationship between variables, we can explain the general law of existence or discover the relationship between things.
This "variable" has its own value, which is the value of the variable. The variable value expresses what the specific attributes of the research object are, that is, the attributes or characteristics described by the variable.
For example, gender is a variable, and it has two variables: male and female.
Grade is a variable, and the corresponding variable values are: grade one, grade two and grade three. ...
So, you will find that the relationship between variables and variable values is like this:
"Value" is the characteristic of "variable";
A "variable" is an object described by a "value".
In the analysis of variance, we are used to calling variables factors and values levels.
What are independent variables and dependent variables? One of the main purposes of research is to find the law between variables, and the most important law is causality. In other words, through research and analysis, we can find out how one variable affects another. In order to distinguish which variable is the cause and which variable is the result, we divide variables into independent variables and dependent variables.
Independent variables are used to cause, explain and predict dependent variables.
Dependent variables are things that are caused, explained and predicted in research.
Simply put, the independent variable is the cause variable and the dependent variable is the result variable. Self - change
Simply put, the independent variable is the cause variable and the dependent variable is the result variable. Self - change
Independent variable? Influence? dependent variable
For example:
Changes in age will cause changes in height. The independent variable is age and the dependent variable is height.
How to distinguish independent variables from dependent variables? After we define the independent variable and the dependent variable, we are faced with the problem of how to judge which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable. Generally speaking, judging what is an independent variable and what is a dependent variable can follow the following principles: 1. Causality can be judged by the independent variable according to the cause and the dependent variable according to the result. For example, teachers' teaching behavior will affect students' academic performance.
2. Objectively changing (such as time, age and temperature) are generally independent variables.
For example, the change of age will affect the change of height.
3. External factors generally affect personal attitude changes as independent variables.
For example, changes in income will affect changes in happiness.
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In addition, there are some special circumstances that need to be judged flexibly according to the purpose of the study.