1. Abstract is generally not divided into sections, and charts, chemical structures, non-standard symbols and terms are not used. The serial numbers of charts, tables, references and formulas cited in this paper are also inappropriate. If nonstandard terms, abbreviations and symbols are used, they should be explained when they first appear.
2. Chinese abstracts should be between 200 and 300 words, and the number of words can be slightly more or less under special circumstances. The abstract text of a dissertation can be slightly longer, but it should not be too long. Don't write general chapter introduction and background knowledge.
3. The English abstract should not exceed 1000 characters (250 substantive words). Traditional English abstracts usually use the third person, and do not use "I", "this article", "author", "we" and "author" as the subject of the statement; However, in recent years, English abstracts no longer emphasize the use of the third person to show the objectivity of research, and can use the first person.
4. Predicate verbs should use the simple present tense or past tense as far as possible, and the movement should follow the relevant rules.
5. English abstracts can be placed after Chinese abstracts or references, and punctuation in English abstracts should follow English idioms. An abstract of a paper with a cover and a title page can be placed on another page after the title page.
6. The abstracts of dissertations or academic papers participating in the review can be written according to the requirements of specific institutions, and some require longer abstracts.