1.APA format: In APA format, references are generally recorded in the following ways:
Books: author's surname, abbreviation. (year of publication). Title. Place of publication: publishing house.
Article: Author's surname, initials (year of publication), article title, journal name, volume number (issue number) and page number.
2.MLA format: In MLA format, references are usually recorded in the following ways:
Book: author's name. Title. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication.
Article: Author's name. "The title of the article." Journal name, volume number, issue number (year of publication): page number.
3. Chicago format: In Chicago format, there are two annotation methods, one is footnote/endnote format, and the other is author-date format:
Footnote/endnote format: Use footnotes or endnotes in the text, and then indicate the details of the reference in the footnotes/endnotes.
Author-date format: directly quote the author's surname and publication year in the article, and then indicate the detailed information of the reference at the end of the article.
No matter which format is adopted, enough information should be provided when recording references, so that readers can accurately find the source of quotations. The following are examples of recording books and journal articles in APA format:
Books: Smith, J.A. (2005). Book title. Publishers
Journal articles: Johnson, L.M.,&; Williams, K. R. (20 10). Title of the article. Journal name, volume (issue) and page range.
It should be noted that different academic journals, institutions and disciplines may have their own regulations and preferences, so references should be marked according to specific requirements when writing. At the same time, modern writing tools (such as EndNote, Zotero, etc. ) can also help to automatically manage and generate references, reducing the workload of manual writing.