In terms of discovery and protection, Liang Sicheng and Lin first paid attention to Guangsheng Temple. /kloc-in the summer of 0/934, Mr. and Mrs. Lin Liang visited Guangsheng Temple in Hong Tong. After investigation, Lin Liang was quite disappointed with this building: it was built in the Yuan Dynasty (1303). At that time, Lin Liang angrily broke the Japanese scholar's theory that there was no wooden structure in Song Dynasty in China. They are looking for ancient buildings in the Song Dynasty everywhere. Nevertheless, Lin Liang made an investigation and said that the sculptures in the temple were exquisite. But at this time, the murals in the temple have been stolen.
Legend goes from left to right: Lin and his friends are at Guangsheng Temple? The photo taken in front of the Hong Fei Tower. This tower is the most complete large-scale glazed pagoda in China, which was built in 15 15 and is 47.3 meters high. The arch structure of the main hall of the lower hall of Guangsheng Temple photographed by Liang Sicheng; Lin Liang is on his way to Shaanxi to inspect ancient buildings. During the period from 1930 to 1945, Lin Liang visited more than 200 counties in 15 province and surveyed more than 200 ancient buildings. But less than a third of them are still alive!
Guangsheng Temple once again attracted people's attention in 1964. Sechler, a famous American art collector in the Far East, donated mural medicine to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the name of his mother, saying that it belonged to Guangsheng Temple. In this regard, researchers from the Oriental Department of the Metropolitan Museum conducted a special study and published a paper to confirm this statement. The museum will display these paintings in the most important hall of the Asia Pavilion.
I have seen many excellent ancient buildings in Shanxi: Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (1058) and Taiyuan Jinci (1068). If this mural had not been rediscovered, Guangsheng Temple might not be what it is today. Famous? . In this regard, murals have been lost overseas, and Guangsheng Temple has the inscription "Guangsheng rebuilt the Buddhist temple"? Last year (1929), a guest came from afar, saying that the Buddhist temple painted walls, and the Bo Gu was elegant and good, and the price could be worth more than a thousand gold. The real monk asked the gentry to evaluate the sale? The murals were sold to cultural relics dealers at the price of 1600 yuan on the grounds that there was no funds to build temples.
Many people don't know that the four murals of the temple have been lost overseas. In addition to the pharmacist Buddha mentioned above, there is also a picture of the Buddha in full bloom (see above) for Nelson? The Atkins Art Museum is also a mural of the Yuan Dynasty in the back hall of Guangsheng Temple.
In addition, there are two Ming Dynasty murals in the lobby of Guangsheng Temple, which were exported from Philadelphia, USA. University of Pennsylvania collection. Among the large number of China cultural relics collected by the University of Pennsylvania, which one is the most precious in the Sixth Army of Zhaoling in the Tang Dynasty? Purple dew? And then what? Boxing hair? ? .
These two reliefs, as well as the mural "The Pharmacist Buddha" mentioned earlier, were exiled overseas by the famous antique dealer Lu at that time! Zhaoling Liu Junzhong? Purple dew? With what? Boxing hair? ? At that time, Lu Chu sold $654.38 +0.5 million. After three years of bargaining, it was finally sold to the University of Pennsylvania at the price of $654.38 +0.25 million.
The picture shows Liu of Tang Zhaoling? Purple dew? And then what? Boxing hair? ?
In the Asian Department of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, there are many excellent cultural relics of China. As shown above, two three-color Luohan statues of equal size in Liao Dynasty came from Hebei. The works of the Tang Dynasty are in yi county. It was the highest level sculpture at that time, and it was a porcelain carving process! It's hard to imagine making such a big porcelain sculpture in those days! This statue is lifelike in appearance, vivid in expression and superb in technology. It is found that 16 of these works have all been stolen and scattered abroad, and 3 pieces were destroyed. 1 1 survived.
Is this a large relief stone carving of the original stone of the Northern Wei Dynasty 1500 years ago? Emperor xiaowen's ritual Buddha map. It shows the ritual Buddha scene of the royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The figures in the sculpture are life-size, radiant and elegant, but because this work is broken and shipped overseas, many broken parts cannot be repaired!
The picture shows the harness used by the royal family of the Qing Dynasty in China displayed by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Many museums in China seem to have never seen such a beautiful saddle. Of course, this saddle was obviously influenced by the production of harness in Europe.
It should be noted here that in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, most China cultural relics were bought by private individuals or antique dealers. Before 1949, the antique market in China was almost open to the outside world. Among them, 60% of China's ancient fine cultural relics flowing to Europe and America are handled by an antique dealer named Lu! During the war, many poor families were forced to make a living by selling their collections to China people or foreigners.
At that time, Lu was engaged in the management of ancient works of art in China for many years. At that time, he often held exhibitions in new york and other places, selling them while exhibiting. Western museums are scrambling to buy his things. At present, a large part of China's collection of ancient cultural relics in the United States actually comes from him.
Ukiyo-e painting appeared in1Paris at the beginning of the 9th century. Later western avant-garde painters, such as MANET, Whistler, Degas, Monet, Lautreck, Van Gogh, etc. From it, we get some enlightenment: contour structure, shadowless flat painting, drawing materials from daily life, composition and so on. These elements are obviously influenced by China's paintings. China's traditional artistic realm is far above Japan's, but the influence of China's art on the West is still far below Japan's, which is a great pity.
I remember someone once commented on today's Nobel Prize in Literature: its awards are more about evaluating the social influence and social value of literary works than the author's literary ability. In this sense, we may have a new cognitive dimension to evaluate Chinese and Japanese works of art in today's world.