1. Argument: It is the soul and commander-in-chief of an article. Any article has only one central argument, and usually there can be sub-arguments. The argument should be correct, clear and general, and it is a complete judgment sentence. Never be ambiguous. There are generally four positions of arguments: ① the beginning of the title; 3 in the middle of the article; 4 at the end; 2. Materials used to prove arguments, including factual arguments and theoretical arguments. Attention should be paid to the choice of factual arguments: ① It must be typical. Both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. Most people know it, at least in newspapers and TV. (2) It's better to be fresh. The statement of the argument should be accurate, the narrative should be summarized, and the argument should be proved. Attention should be paid to the theoretical arguments selected: ① They can be famous sayings, epigrams, proverbs, theorems, formulas, etc. (2) To be accurate and not to be tampered with or distorted. (3) It is necessarily related to the argument and can prove the argument. 3. Argumentation: the process of proving an argument with arguments. ① Basic types of argumentation: argumentation and refutation. Argument is discussed from the front, and rebuttal is discussed from the opposite side. We usually write argumentative essays mainly through arguments. ② The basic structural level of argument: syllogism structure. Put forward the question (what is it) → analyze the question (why) → solve the question (how to do it), that is, introduce the common argumentation structure of this conclusion: A, summation structure B, contrast structure C, hierarchical structure D, juxtaposition structure ③ Common argumentation methods: A, example method (also called example method): prove the argument with typical examples, as the saying goes, facts speak louder than words. B. Quoting (also called reasoning) can not only quote the theoretical arguments introduced above, but also quote some famous sentences in classical poetry. On the one hand, it can strengthen the power of argument; On the other hand, it can enrich the content of the article and enhance the literariness of the argumentative paper. C. Contrastive argumentation (also called positive and negative argumentation): This method can enhance the significance of argumentation and let readers know what the author is for and against. D. Metaphorical proof (also called metaphorical argument) enhances the vividness, literariness and persuasiveness of the argument of works.