In a paper, it is very necessary to cite references to demonstrate your own views or ideas. For what others have studied, we don't need to repeat the experimental research, and we can simply reflect what we want to express by quoting references.
But not all the contents of a paper can be piled up by references, so it is very important to choose references correctly. So, how can I quote references when writing a paper? How should we choose references correctly? First, how to cite references is reasonable (1) There are many types of references, mainly monographs [M], papers [C], newspaper articles [N], journal articles [J], dissertations [D], reports [R], standards [S], patents [P] and references from.
(2) The number of cited references. The number of references in general academic articles is 20-40, and the number of references in summary articles is generally more than that in research articles. In addition to the summary, more than 40 references in other articles show that compared with your research results, the discussion and preface may involve too much content and need to be deleted.
(3) the citation format in the text of the reference varies according to the requirements of the school, but it is nothing more than a numerical number and name. Numeric numbering is relatively simple, just number the documents one by one according to the order from front to back.
In case references need to be added or deleted in the middle, the following figures will change. If we enter references manually, it will be very troublesome.
At this time, you need to use endnote software or other software cited in relevant references for help. Another kind of text reference is a reference to a person's name.
Generally speaking, a document belongs to an author, just name the author directly; If there are two authors, the two authors are connected by and; If there are three or three authors, enter the name of the first author, followed by et al. Because et al. means "equality" in Latin, it needs to be italicized and abbreviated, so a dot needs to be added after it.
Sometimes we will mention the author's name in the text, at this time, the reference position is often after the name. For example, Li et al. [Li et al., 20 10] reported ... (4) The contents of the references are consistent with those of the cited documents, and the contents must come from the cited references.
We can roughly judge whether the quotation is correct by the title of the reference. It is definitely wrong for a donkey's lips not to quote a horse's mouth, so it must be revised when encountering such a reference.
(5) Refer to the original documents as much as possible. In order to save trouble, many students quoted a sentence from a document and other references cited in this paper. This is the second quotation. The harm of second citation is that in the process of citation, someone will definitely misinterpret the meaning of the original text, and make mistakes again and again, which is similar to the truth of spreading mistakes from one source to another.
So how to avoid this situation? We can refer to the original documents cited twice to see how the original documents are described and whether the quoted sentences conform to the contents of the original documents. Only by ensuring that there are no errors can we avoid quoting errors.
(6) It is not absolute to try to choose newer documents. If the paper we wrote was really studied in earlier years, we will re-study it after a period of interruption. At this time, it is inevitable to quote the literature of earlier years.
Moreover, some documents are really classic, and the opinions put forward so far are reasonable, so it is understandable to quote these documents at this time. But these two situations are few after all, and most of the research is based on the latest research.
Therefore, there must be several relatively new references to cite references to show the significance and importance of our research, especially the description in the introduction. (7) The grade of references determines the grade of articles we write to some extent.
Most of our quotations are articles with about 2-5 points, so our articles can be issued with about 2-5 points. Of course, reviewers will not pay attention to this issue, because no one will verify the influencing factors of the documents you cited. Second, how to choose references correctly (1) and avoid choosing references that are out of the topic of the paper. The selection of references must closely focus on the theme and serve the expression and demonstration of the theme.
It is a basic principle to choose references that can effectively explain, highlight and contrast the theme, otherwise it will be abandoned. Some papers often make the mistake of giving up one's love when using references, and write some references unrelated to the theme into the article, which is out of touch with the theme and affects the expression of the theme.
Even some papers only use the latest references that have nothing to do with the theme of the paper in order to reflect the novelty of the references, which not only fails to reflect the novelty of the references, but also makes the contents seem cumbersome and redundant. (2) The so-called typical references, which are not typical enough, refer to those references that are most characteristic and representative, can effectively reveal the essence of things, and can focus on the theme of the paper.
It is not necessary to select materials around the theme, and in fact it is impossible to write all the references related to the theme. Typical references must be carefully selected. For very classic references, we should consider whether they are too old, too old and too famous, and simply outline them.
Even typical references, too old or well-known references can demonstrate our theme, but they make the content of the article not novel enough. (3) The selected references are not true enough. The references used in this paper are only true and have strength.
The so-called truth means that the reference really exists objectively and can reflect the original appearance of objective things. Only when the references used in the paper are true can the argument stand up and be convincing.
However, some papers are inaccurate in selecting materials, failing to identify the authenticity, and are not accurate in historical figures, events, time, place, figures, quotations, etc. References are not carefully checked, resulting in errors. When quoting references, we should pay attention to the details of the references.
2. How to write references in the paper lists the functions of references: ① to demonstrate the author's argument and inspire the author to think; ② Compared with the author's experimental results; ③ It reflects the serious attitude towards scientific research, and also provides clues for readers to study related literature in depth. Don't cite too many references. The number of papers should be around 10, and the number of review articles should be around 20. The cited documents should be reviewed by the author himself. It should be noted that the references of authoritative and professional magazines published in recent years should be numbered in the order in which the documents appear in the article. List the complete references (books) in turn. The writing method of complete reference (paper) should list the author (translator is indicated in the translation), title, page number, publishing house, publication time and edition number of the document. The writing method should list the author, article title, periodical name, year/volume/issue, and the start and end pages of the document.
3. How to cite documents when writing a paper should include: serial number author, document title, electronic document type label/carrier type label, document website or source, update/citation date: 14 Wang Mingliang. New progress in standardized database system engineering. 1998-08- 16 For other information about paper, please refer to the attachment "Electronic File Type Marking". The references to electronic file types such as databases, computer programs and bulletin board system are marked with the following letters: Electronic Reference Type Database Computer Program Electronic Announcement Electronic File Type Marking DB CP EB For electronic files with non-paper carriers, the carrier type should be indicated in the reference type marking at the same time, and the carrier type of electronic files uses two letters. ; Disk)-DK; ; CD-r om-CD； Online network (online)——OL.
Indicate the type of reference including the type of document carrier according to the following format: [electronic document type label/carrier type label], such as [db/ol]- online database; [DB/MT]- Magic Belt Database [M/CD]- CD Monograph [CP/DK]- Disk Computer Program [J/OL]- Periodical Series Online [EB/OL]- bulletin board system Online. Traditional literature with paper as the carrier does not need to indicate the carrier type when it is cited as a reference.
Wang Mingliang, 14. New progress in standardized database system engineering [EB/OL] .55438+0998-08-16.