On the development of vocational education: the development of vocational education in China.
Abstract: Vocational education has become an indispensable part of the education system, and the vocational education systems in different countries are also different. China's vocational education system has its own characteristics, but it also has certain weaknesses and deficiencies, mainly in? Out of touch with supply and demand? 、? Lack of bright spots? 、? Low quality? 、? Conservative thinking? . At present, in order to promote the development of vocational education in China, we must solve the weaknesses and deficiencies in the vocational education system.
Keywords: vocational education; Talent cultivation; enterprise
About the author: Lu Junrong, female, born in June, 1976, a teacher at the School of Management, Qingdao University of Technology.
[China Library Classification Number]: G7 10 [Document ID]: a
[ArticleNo.]:1002-2139 (2013)-32-01
At present, all countries in the world are actively developing vocational education, and China has gradually strengthened its development in recent years. However, from the current situation, vocational education is still at a disadvantage, and the acceptance of students and parents is still insufficient. China is a country with a large population. It is difficult for college students to find jobs, and there is a serious shortage of professional skilled talents. Faced with this imbalance, the development of vocational education is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the development of vocational education. Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, all regions and enterprises have actively promoted the development of vocational education, supported vocational education at all levels to achieve characteristics and standards, made active explorations, and accumulated a lot of experience. But on the whole, the development of vocational education is still a weak link, which does not meet the needs of economic and social development. Vigorously developing vocational education is both an urgent task and a long-term solution.
First, the problems of vocational education in China:
1, not enough attention.
In recent years, China's educational circles have been emphasizing the importance of vocational education, and we have gradually seen the success of vocational education abroad. However, at present, China's vocational education is still in a state of low fever, and most students who apply for vocational education schools have low scores. Vocational education has become synonymous with not being able to enter a university or high school. At the same time, the education department has not paid enough attention to vocational education schools. Compared with regular universities, the selection of teachers and the allocation of funds are far from each other, which limits the development of vocational education and is even less important to students' psychology. In addition, most parents disapprove of their children's completion of vocational education out of vanity, which makes vocational education synonymous with inferior education in the eyes of education departments, students and parents, which seriously hinders the development of vocational education.
2. School facilities are generally poor, and education funds are tight.
Many vocational schools are seriously short of teaching funds, and the construction of laboratories and practice institutions is shoddy and the facilities are simple, which leads to students not getting real exercise and learning opportunities in their studies. In order to increase funds, some vocational schools let students participate in enterprise internships, but many internships have nothing to do with their majors, which makes students waste a lot of time in dealing with unreasonable internships during their precious three-year study time.
3. The number of teachers is insufficient and the structure is unreasonable.
The construction of teaching staff is also the deficiency of vocational education in China. To sum up, there are three points: first, the number of vocational education teachers is too small, and the teacher-student ratio is seriously insufficient, which makes teachers have no extra energy to study education and spend a lot of energy on student management, which cannot improve their professional quality; Second, because vocational schools do not have a complete teacher promotion system in ordinary colleges and universities, senior technicians cannot be evaluated, thus lacking senior technicians to teach in vocational schools. Third, the teachers in vocational schools are mostly college graduates and graduate students, who have no experience in enterprises and cannot highlight the characteristics of vocational education in vocational education.
There are few opportunities for continuing education in vocational education.
After choosing secondary vocational education, students choose to continue to study in higher vocational colleges or ordinary universities, which leads to the reluctance of most students to choose vocational schools. Only by unblocking the channels of continuing education in vocational schools can we attract more students to actively apply for vocational schools.
5. The enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in vocational education is not high, and school-enterprise cooperation lacks institutional guarantee.
School-enterprise cooperation is a good model of vocational education, but most enterprises are unwilling to accept students' internships in vocational schools, which leads to students in vocational schools not being able to enter the enterprise for study. The main reasons are as follows: first, enterprises only have responsibilities and obligations, but no benefits. Many vocational school students need training and special guidance when they come to enterprises. Because unskilled machines have worn away the machines of enterprises to a certain extent, it is difficult for enterprises to get internship subsidies from the government, which greatly reduces their enthusiasm. Second, enterprises don't have more manpower and time to go deep into schools to formulate teaching syllabus, which makes the students trained by vocational education not meet the needs of enterprises, and enterprises are unwilling to provide internship positions.
Second, how to implement employment-oriented vocational education
1. Reasonably plan enrollment majors.
At present, many vocational schools focus on popularity when formulating enrollment majors, and blindly train students without investigating the market or even understanding the real needs of the market, which leads to the students' majors being too broad or narrow when they graduate, which is inconsistent with the actual needs of enterprises. When enrolling students, schools should understand the real needs of the market and enterprises, and formulate professional training programs according to the needs of enterprises, so that the students we trained can meet the needs of enterprises more professionally. At the same time, we can cooperate with enterprises to cultivate certain professionals for enterprises and actively invite enterprises to participate in the formulation of teaching syllabus.
2. What is the realization? What is the direction of further study? Arrive? Employment orientation? The change of ideas.
Nowadays, higher education in China is changing from? What is the direction of further study? Arrive? Employment orientation? Transformation, the purpose of education is to get a better job. Vocational education should focus on cultivating students' practical ability, initiative and creativity, as well as practical work ability. In the process of teaching, students should be actively encouraged to obtain certificates of related majors, and be guided in their study, so that students' study can always be linked with society. The teaching content of the school is mainly based on the actual needs of society.
3. Improve the legal and regulatory guarantee system for promoting employment.
At present, the number of college students who graduate every year in China is greater than the social demand, and the students of vocational education are not superior to the students of ordinary colleges and universities in the market competition. Therefore, China should enact laws as soon as possible to ensure the employment and entrepreneurship of secondary vocational school students and provide more employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for vocational school students.
4. Promote the sharing of resources with enterprises.
In order to make students' learning closer to the needs of society and enterprises, schools can cooperate with several enterprises to practice students, extend the internship period of vocational education students, and let students fully feel the demand for their own knowledge at work, so that they can supplement their knowledge after returning to school. At the same time, in the process of internship, actively listen to the opinions of enterprises, modify the vocational education plan, and invite enterprise technicians to hold lectures in vocational schools regularly, so that the actual work content of enterprises is consistent with the teaching content of schools.
5. Improve the content of teachers' enterprise attachment.
Professional teachers should take enterprise experience as the main assessment object, gain real experience beyond book knowledge through long-term training in enterprises, and bring more real knowledge to students. At the same time, the practical ability of professional teachers should be enhanced, and schools should encourage teachers to take relevant certificates in skills, so as to make the teaching process more convincing.
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