Comparative literature model essay 1: a brief talk? Harmony between man and nature? With what? Man and nature are one? Similarity of civilizations
Heterogeneity includes the originality and independence of civilization. Only by clearly recognizing the existence of this feature can the East and the West communicate with China and their literature complement each other. Laozi and Zhuangzi's theory, as a representative of cultures that the East and the West don't understand? Harmony between man and nature? And the humanistic spirit embodied in Greek mythology? Man and nature are one? It also has the same cross-civilization heterogeneity. Only by recognizing this, can we continue to accept the reasonable components of western civilization while adhering to the traditional theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi. However, although these two spirits are heterogeneous, they are independent at the same time.
First,? Harmony between man and nature? Are you online? God? With what? Man and nature are one? Are you online? God?
An important concept of Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy is? God? . ? God? The concept of ""originated from ancient myths and legends? Pangu opened heaven and earth? And then what? The goddess who mended the sky? The opening name of "Thousand Characters": Mysterious heaven and earth, vast universe. At this time? God? This is a confusing big cylinder. Did our ancestors put it there? God? Worship as absolute power; In the Zhou Dynasty, right? God? With further understanding, Zhou Wenwang made a divination in the Book of Changes. Fuck. Yuan Xiang, Li Zhen? ,? Tian Xingjian, a gentleman strives for self-improvement? , here? God? Is a universe equivalent to the paradise of river map and Luo Shu, equivalent to? Tai Chi? Yin and Yang embrace the spinning ball as the main body of creation? One? . So when the ancients made words, they played them? God? Writing' Tian' is a human head? One? ,? One? Is it? God? ,? God, it's so bumpy. Supreme? ; I put it with Zhuangzi? People? Link refers to the objective existence beyond people's will, Lao Zhuang's? God? More refers to the nature that coexists with human beings, according to the understanding of word formation? God? This word can be understood in two ways: (1)? A big one? Is it? God? Maximum value; (2)? One for each person? Is it? Harmony between man and nature? Meaning. ? People? According to philology, it consists of a stroke. The Book of Changes believes that this "left and right" is the mutual support and confrontation between one yin and one yang, one man and one woman, and is the product of the struggle between yin and yang. According to the present viewpoint, man is a senior subject with wisdom and will in nature. In Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts? People? Relative to? God? A concept, with many new meanings, "Zhuangzi? Wandering puts forward the ideal personality of Taoism-for people, for gods and for saints? People? An extension of meaning.
According to the modern understanding, yes, in Zhuangzi? God? Is the supreme representative, people should conform to and exist, and everything in nature is the same, and they should all run according to the fate stipulated by nature.
However, unlike Laozi and Zhuangzi, in Greek mythology, God? Is not the most supreme. Or can I say? People? With what? God? Have equal status. The focus of the spirit of Greek mythology? Man and nature are one? Emphasize humanism and think that man is God and God represents heaven. God's status is very high, dominating the status and fate of all living things. Greek mythology embodies a martial spirit, advocates strength, pays more attention to self-centeredness, advocates adventure, possession and self-satisfaction, and praises a kind of personal heroism and selfish departmentalism of the unity of man and nature. The most powerful person in the original fantasy is the Greek God, the Almighty who created and ruled all things. The Greek spirit of worshipping power and knowledge was initially manifested in the worship of the most powerful god, and Greek mythology used interests as a lever to promote history. Heaven does not mean everything, nor does it dominate people. The status of man and heaven is the same, even forbearing, and sometimes controlling heaven.
Second, about? People? The situation of
Laozi Zhuangzi believes that the relationship among heaven, earth and human beings is: man and place, earth with heaven, heaven with Tao, and Tao with nature. Heaven and earth are natural, to prevent people from being self-righteous, and? I don't know. Often, do something rash? The behavior of. Those who oppose imposing personal will on others are even more opposed to imposing the opinions and dogmas of political strongmen and sages on society and natural people. This is Zhuang zi? Governing by doing nothing? 、? The avenue is natural? what's up Harmony between man and nature? . People should conform to the natural development. People are equal and should follow the rules of heaven. No one is lower than others, and no one is higher than others. Everyone is an individual who conforms to his destiny. Every individual is a different individual with the same status, and you can't impose your own views on others.
Maybe it can be seen from the literal meaning. What did Lao Zi and Zhuangzi emphasize? Harmony between man and nature? , is it? God? First, heaven is everything, and people should conform to their destiny. What does Greek mythology embody? Man and nature are one? What is the spirit for? People? Highlight,? People? With what? God? Equally important, even beyond? God? And it fully affirms the value of human beings.
Greek mythology fully affirms individual rights, interests and personal values, understands human nature and freedom, and even thinks that in order to gain fame and personal dignity, you can do whatever it takes or even go to extremes. Ancient Greek mythology was widely publicized because it affirmed human desire and attached great importance to individual independence and individual interests.
Body. Greek mythology is like a social drama being staged, which is vivid and has a three-dimensional sense of reality, such as Zeus' appreciation style of describing his bossy behavior; For example, Hercules completed 12 major events, and was finally accepted as the eternal god by Zeus, and finally achieved brilliant life achievements. Because of this, Hercules became a typical example of individual struggle in western culture. In Odeon, more emphasis is placed on the praise of adventure, conquest and possession, full of temptations from money, beautiful women and rare treasures. Such stories have great cultural archetypal significance in Greek mythology, such as Agamemnon leading people from distant Greece to Troy. In addition to revenge and conquest, the more important goals are jewelry wealth and prisoners, as well as the eastern trade market that can bring greater wealth. With the help of the image of god, express? Man can conquer nature? The idea.
In short, in Greek mythology, there is a theme from struggle to possession, that is, the admiration of egoism, the affirmation of adventurous possession and the concern for material interests, which may also be the earliest source of the concept of inviolability of personal property in western society.
This may be the biggest difference between eastern and western civilizations represented by Laozi and Zhuangzi and Greek mythology.
Third, cultural similarity.
However, we have to admit that although the eastern and western civilizations are very different, they are also inextricably linked, that is, the heterogeneity of cross-civilization is often said in comparative literature.
The first is the recognition of human value. Although Zhuang zi's theory is? Fate? Most importantly, he also fully respects the rights and interests of individuals. Like them? Governing by doing nothing? . Laozi and Zhuangzi's "inaction" does not mean doing nothing, but doing nothing, conforming to the objective situation and respecting the laws of nature. The relationship between people is equal, and we can't impose our subjective consciousness on others. Embodied in Greek mythology? Humanism? Spirit is the maintenance of human interests. Only the two protect people's interests to varying degrees.
Secondly, it lies in the affirmation of the rights of heaven. Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy advocates adapting to natural changes. People should not try to change nature by force, but should live under the rights endowed by nature. Nature is everything. In Greek mythology, the rights of heaven are given to God, and God has inviolable rights. In fact, he is just a variant of the divine right.
Four. abstract
Whether in the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Harmony between man and nature? Or is it embodied in Greek mythology? Man and nature are one? All humanitarianism has undeniable advantages and disadvantages. We should fully protect the reasonable interests of individuals while following the Heaven. Stick to Zhuangzi? Governing by doing nothing? 、? Harmony between man and nature? On this basis, we should dialectically study the spirit of affirming human value in Greek mythology. ? Harmony between man and nature? With what? Man and nature are one? We have the same cross-civilization heterogeneity, but the two sides have different emphases. We should learn to learn from each other's strengths and absorb the essence dialectically, which is more conducive to the progress of human civilization.
Comparative literature model essay 2: the experience of comparative literature course
What is the theme of comparative literature as an elective course this semester? Besieged city and Jane? "Reading love? . I don't know much about Besieged City. I haven't read the whole book, but I have read some books and reviews about it. As soon as the protagonist Fang Hung-chien set foot in his hometown after a four-year absence, he fell into one after another? Besieged city Fang Hung-chien came back from Europe in the summer of 1937. Based on his life track, the novel reflects the ups and downs of life and psychology of some intellectuals (mainly some European and American students and university professors). ) at that time. They don't belong to the advanced intellectuals of that era. At the height of the Anti-Japanese War, most of them stayed out of the storm of this great struggle. First in Shanghai Shili Sheep Farm, and then in a remote town in Hunan, they launched a series of intrigues and competitions around life, career, marriage and love. This is also a war, although there is no smoke, but the swords and shadows of the old society are everywhere, jumping in love and vanity fair; Although there are no physical casualties, we can always see how gray life devours people's years and lives, and how dirty air corrodes people's integrity and soul. Naturally, there are sincere friendship and good wishes here; But these are so weak and powerless in front of the powerful barrier of the old society. You'll be trapped anywhere there? Bird cage? Or? The besieged city on the road of life, where is the way out for these intellectuals who have not exhausted their vitality? This is a serious problem left by this profound realistic novel.
As for Jane Eyre, fortunately, I happened to see it when I was wandering around the old bookstore in high school and bought it back. So, I have read Jane Eyre and read some book reviews about it. Jane Eyre is a novel with revolving color by Charlotte Brontexq, one of the famous three sisters writers in Britain in the 19th century. This is a book forged with my own heart and strong spiritual pursuit, which contains the author's infinite emotion and personality charm and has won a brilliant sky for women. ? Do you think I have no heart just because I am poor, humble and unattractive? I have the same soul as you, and I have the same heart. If God gave me beauty and wealth, I would make it as hard for you to leave me as it is for me to leave you now! ? Every time I read Jane Eyre, I will be shocked by this passage.
These are two books written by authors from different countries. The mental journey of a man and a woman, struggle and struggle, vagrancy and blind obedience. Fortress Besieged is mainly written around the protagonist Fang Hung-chien, describing his mental journey. The novel Fortress Besieged is divided into nine chapters, which can be roughly divided into four units. The first chapter to the fourth chapter is the first unit, which describes Fang Hung-chien's life scenes in Shanghai and his hometown (a county in the south of the Yangtze River), with Shanghai as the center. In this unit, are Fang Hung-chien and Su? Love? Entanglement plays an important role. Chapter 5 can be counted as Unit 2, right? Transition? Or? Cohesion? Yes Where did Fang Hung-chien and Zhao Xinmei, whose personal lives were frustrated, learn from this unit? Love? Out of the cage, they changed from imaginary rivals to real friends, and * * * went to San Lv University in Pingcheng, Hunan Province to find a job. Chapters 6 and 7 are the third unit, which mainly describes the infighting in San Lv University. The sixth chapter we choose here is a heavy scene in this unit. From the headmaster, dean, department head, to faculty, students and even their families, they are involved in a dizzying personnel dispute. Professional exclusion, love competition, blatant routines, slanderous rumors, intrigue, and so on, San Lv University has become a stage for competition. Chapters 8 and 9 are Unit 4. Fang Hung-chien and Sun Roujia got married on their way back to Shanghai. This is not an exciting combination for both parties. The anxiety about the future brought by unemployment makes them quarrel constantly after marriage. This quarrel is relatively simple on the way back to Shanghai. After settling in Shanghai, the contradiction became more complicated due to the intervention of families and relatives of both sides. There was a time when there were a series of discord and disputes between mother-in-law, Weng Xu, sister-in-law, relatives and friends, and even master and servant.
Jane Eyre mainly describes the heroine's mental journey, Jane's pursuit of female spirit, the accusation of male oppression, the shaping of the image of a strong woman, and the bold and frank description of female emotional life. In the eyes of men in the19th century, the ideal woman is an angel-like pure, beautiful, sweet, passive, doll-like and selfless stunner. However, just behind this angel, there is a monster: a destructive, impulsive, crazy woman who scares men, just like Jane Eyre? Crazy women in love always threaten Rochester. Men created the images of angels and evil women out of their desire and fear for women. The latter is full of women's true colors and represents the competitive power to subvert male rule. The strength of this power can be seen from Bertha's burning of Thornfield. Bertha from the feminist perspective has become another self of Jane Eyre and a rebel of women. Gateshead is the starting point of her travel, the loss of her home and her dependence; Lowood School is the place where she received education and spiritual development. Here, Jane's? Fight back desperately? With Helen? Burns'? Is it good to complain? , ? I still think Helen. Burns sees through light that my eyes can't see. ? Jane's life gradually came to her senses. Thornfield is Jane's paradise, where she lost her happiness and later returned to heaven. Jane went to the wilderness, went to the swamp, came back, and finally returned to their eternal home with Rochester.