-The artistic features of Bai Juyi's satirical poems

What are the artistic features of Bai Juyi's satirical poems? I think there are at least the following items:

(a), shaping the typical;

(2) Frame plot;

(3) Highlight the contrast;

(4), combined with discussion.

We take poems or verses as examples and analyze them item by item.

First of all, let's look at how to shape the typical.

Bai Juyi said that his Qin Zhongyin was "a sad story", but it was not just Qin Zhongyin. All his satirical poems are basically like this, and one poem only writes one thing. However, this "one thing" is not random but conditional. According to the order of Qin Zhongyin and Xinyue, it must be said that "someone is covered in sorrow" and "it is true". This actually means that the saddest and truest things are selected from many real things. Let's start with "Selling Charcoal Weng-Bitter Miyagi". What was the court market like at that time? "New Tang Book" is recorded as follows: "When relics enter the market, they return empty. Every China official went out and the houses selling pulp and cakes were closed. " There is a saying in Han Yu's Records of Shunzong: "It's really a capture to be named Miyagi." It can be seen that there are many victims, and Bai Juyi has heard a lot, but he only wrote an old man selling charcoal, and the reason must be the saddest and most real. The writing process focuses more on one word "sadness". "the face is covered with dust and fireworks, and the temples are gray and black." Draw three or more colors by grasping the face, temples and hands in two sentences. The face is brown, the temples are gray (more than one color is gray) and the fingers are black. Combined with the context, the reader knows that he cuts wood, burns charcoal and sells it by cart, so he is alone. And "what is the business of selling charcoal to make money?" Clothes on your body, food in your mouth ",question and answer, fourteen words, outline a minimum level of survival, just alive, can't sell money, there is no way out. This is sad enough, but the poet went on to write: "The poor man is wearing clothes. He is worried about charcoal and hopes it is cold." At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market. Cows are hungry, and mud rests outside the south gate. "Why did the poet go on like this? It is the need of writing to the extreme. After the extreme sadness, "a car full of charcoal, more than a thousand Jin, the palace envoy is not spared" has shocking power, because it has broken the road of such a lonely and helpless old man!

Second, look at how to structure the plot.

Structured plot is to tell a story, including the occurrence, development, climax and ending of the story, the relationship between the background of the story and the characters, and many details to enrich and enrich it, which makes people feel immersive. Shang Yang's white-haired man, the life story of a maid-in-waiting; "charcoal man", the story of an old man and two eunuchs all morning; Let's look at the story of the poet Bai Juyi, an "old village man" and a group of "sudden deaths" for one night. This is the song "Su Zige Mountain North Village" in "Nine Books with the Same Yuan", which makes "people in important positions gnash their teeth". This poem was written in the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10). At that time, Bai Juyi was thirty-nine years old and was a left-hander in Chang 'an, with a bachelor's degree in Hanlin.

Third, see how to highlight the contrast.

In his allegorical poems, Bai Juyi often describes the decadent life of dignitaries first, but at the end of the poem, an antithesis unexpectedly pops up, such as "being light and fat" and "singing and dancing" mentioned in the last class: describing eunuchs who "Nine Treasures overflowed and land and water went hand in hand". After the fruit breaks the Dongting orange and the silver carp cuts the Tianchi scale, it highlights that "there is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou eat people!" After "Zhu Lun chariots and horses, red candle dance floor" and "get drunk and warm, take off your heavy clothes", I suddenly said, "I didn't know there were death row inmates who froze to death in the township prison!" Then it came to an abrupt end. I don't think we can say "no rhyme" in general just by looking at these two songs. The sharp contrast highlights the extreme injustice of society and the extreme sharpness of contradictions.

Fourth, look at how to combine arguments.

Making comments is a means of Bai Juyi's so-called "dying to show his will". Some people use other means without discussion. However, most comments are vivid and emotional, not dry preaching.

Finally, we talk about the linguistic features of Bai Juyi's poems according to the comments of the ancients, not limited to allegories. The overall style of Bai poetry language is simple and popular, which can be explained only by quoting the words of the ancients without analysis.

Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi's good friend, has a poem that most vividly and accurately expresses the characteristics of white poetry:

Yin Jun left me a hundred poems to sit alone. Qin Yu is silent in the clear night, and Qishuyan is blowing in the wind.

No one was found again, and the fairy clothes abandoned the knife ruler. The world wants to find each other, and there is nowhere to find them in four dimensions.

Let's use Liu Yuxi's phrase "Abandoning the Knife Ruler with Immortal Clothes" as the topic of this lecture, which is not only about Bai Juyi's satirical poem, but also about his language characteristics. In fact, this sentence most vividly summarizes the artistic characteristics of Bai Juyi's various poems, that is, flawless.