Fang Hung-chien was called a "besieged city man" by some critics.
Fang Hung-chien is a passive, incompetent, unstable person who can't stand the temptation, and even more a loser. His failure is due to his lack of rationality, belief, enthusiasm and strength to face the cruel competition for survival and serious spiritual crisis in modern society, and also because he is not a despicable person, and he still has some self-knowledge. Sometimes he wants to maintain his dignity as a human being. It's embarrassing not to get up or down. Many scholars associate him with the image of "superfluous man" in Russian literature, but the tragedy of "superfluous man" lies in his awakening in thought and lack of courage and historical conditions in action, and the tragedy of "besieged man" lies in his mediocrity. "Redundant people" will give people an avant-garde and heroic sense of the times, while "besieged people", like us, are vainly looking for liberation or attachment as ordinary people.
Just as the useless Jia Baoyu is almost the only good guy in A Dream of Red Mansions, Fang Hung-chien is also the best guy in Besieged City-except perhaps Tang Xiaofu. In the whole novel, there is only one Tang Xiaofu, pure and lovely. This is because she is still illusory and hopeless about Fang Hung-chien, so she is an illusion. But anyone with a sense of reality is ridiculous, obscene, vain and despicable. Fang Hung-chien is better than everyone inside. We know that troubled times are heroes or heroes' world, and cowards are doomed to failure. Therefore, Fang Hung-chien, who is neither evil nor heroic, does not strive for the world and does not help the world, is doomed to failure. Fang Hung-chien's tragedy is the result and contrast of the alienation of human nature in modern society.
But Sun Roujia is more unique in the character pedigree of Fortress Besieged. This timid little girl, this little girl who doesn't seem to have any definite opinions, and the little girl entrusted by this innocent girl to Fang Hung-chien's care are the most scheming people. This gentle person, secretly feminine and tenacious, is like a sweet trap, but he controls his own marriage, life and destiny, as well as Fang Hung-chien's. This is a figure with China cultural connotation. The so-called "femininity" in China's Taoist culture and the so-called "Machiavellian" in China's political culture can be found in her. No one seems to have written it before or even after Qian Zhongshu. But she is not a cultural symbol, but a living person with all the complexity. When she is in control, marriage, life and fate seem to be out of control. This turning point expresses the dilemma of Fortress Besieged on another level, and it also makes it impossible for us to summarize this person in a few words, just like Shakespeare's Hamlet, which is inexhaustible, and she can't say it. Typical characters are a necessary factor for the success of a novel. As the protagonist of Fortress Besieged, Fang Hung-chien is also the only figure running through the whole article, so studying the characters in Fortress Besieged should be the best starting point. The critics of Fortress Besieged have different views on the grasp and evaluation of Fang Hung-chien's artistic image. Some people say that Fang Hung-chien is the object of the author's ridicule, an "unnecessary person" of China, and a "cynical slacker who is too lazy to complain". Some people say that he is the object of the author's sympathy, and he is "a typical intellectual with a strong' transition' color in China's transition period". It should be said that these views have considerable insight, and even some of them have basically entered Fortress Besieged, observing and exploring its artistic essence. However, the author believes that as far as the tone of the work is concerned, it is not a blind satire on Fang Hung-chien, and Fang Hung-chien is not entirely the object of ridicule by the author, but more sympathy than satire. As for comparing Fang Hung-chien to an "unnecessary person", it is a bit far-fetched, even though he is called a "China native", because Fang Hung-chien is still "this one" after all. Furthermore, to say that Fang Hung-chien was "cynical" failed to grasp the theme of this image, failed to observe the scene that the author described him struggling in the besieged city of life, and failed to touch his painful state of mind of being besieged and tortured in the besieged city of life. After all, he is constantly suffering and struggling, not blindly cynical. As for using "transitional color" to vaguely summarize Fang Hung-chien, it is even more impossible to accurately evaluate this artistic image. The main characters in literary works are devoted to the author's understanding of society and life. Accurately understanding the main characters in the work is the key to interpret the theme of the work. The positioning of the characters should be faithful to the novel text, and the basic activities of the characters in the novel should run through the whole article. Let's follow Fang Hung-chien's experience into Fortress Besieged.
First of all, Fang Hung-chien is a loser in life. He is the son of a gentleman in a county in the south of the Yangtze River, and he is a lucky man in an arranged marriage. His fiancee, whom he had never met, died of illness, but his "prospective father-in-law" generously sent him to study in Europe (for his own benefit, of course). In Europe, Fang Hung-chien changed to three universities in four years and is about to graduate. Under the pressure of his family, he bought a doctorate from Clayton University. Just as Japan invaded the mainland, he returned to the motherland by boat with this fake diploma. The narrative of the novel begins from now on.
After returning to China, Fang Hung-chien made no achievements in love, career and family relations, failed one after another, and even encountered them in many time and space.
In love, he was first seduced by Miss Bao on the boat back home, and found that Miss Bao had a completely different attitude towards himself, only then did he know that he had been teased. Later, his enthusiastic pursuit failed, while Miss Su, whom he didn't love, tried to pursue him. Finally, Sun Roujia and I got married. In fact, it was the blow of career failure that made him want to find an emotional support. The three universities that Fang Hung-chien has been longing for in his career are not places where he can display his talents and do great things. Everything here has become his nightmare. Frustrated in love and failing in career, Fang Hung-chien wanted to find warmth and emotional comfort in family relations. In family relations, it is also painful. As soon as Fang Hung-chien got married, he entered the "golden lacquer birdcage", looked down upon by his relatives, and was distressed and annoyed by his wife's boring nagging and endless noise. The novel uses nearly one-seventh of the space to describe the contradiction of Fang Hung-chien's family, which vividly shows the pain of Fang Hung-chien being trapped in a "besieged city" of marriage.
This is Fang Hung-chien's experience in the novel and the main line of the plot development of Fortress Besieged. In this main line, Fang Hung-chien ran into a wall everywhere and was helpless, which fully showed some defects of the characters themselves.
Throughout Fang Hung-chien's works, every choice of his life path is forced and helpless.
2. The original text is not profound
3. Humanities courses. Through the analysis of Diary of a Madman, The True Story of Ah Q, Blessing, Mourning for the Past, Diary of Ms. Sha Fei, Sinking, Home, Camel Xiangzi, Border Town, Little Black's Marriage, Golden Family, Family and Family. The teaching objectives of this course are: to explain the development of modern literary history; Focus on analyzing and appreciating all kinds of modern literary works, so that students can master the methods of analyzing literary works. In teaching methods, there are mainly teaching method, discussion method and reading method.
4. 19 18 May 15 New Youth Magazine, the first novel "Diary of a Madman" signed by Lu Xun appeared.
This is the first real vernacular novel in the history of literature.
Qian is the editor of the fifth issue of the fourth volume of New Youth magazine, which was published in May 19 18. The important articles in that issue are a group of articles denouncing "Ling Xue Cong Zhi". As soon as the reader opens the magazine, it seems that he can feel the editor's intention. The acrimony and impulsiveness of the article are quite enjoyable. At that time, New Youth was often characterized by freedom of speech and sharpness, and there was no actual achievement in literary creation. However, the novel Diary of a Madman, signed by Lu Xun, first appeared in this issue of the magazine, but it greatly surprised the editor and gave the reader an unexpected surprise: there was such a novel! The work is like the surging magma in the dark night, illuminating everything around it. Many years later, a literary critic described Diary of a Madman and said: China's new literature was born and matured here. This is a subtle theory.
This is also the first vernacular novel in the history of China.
5. Camel Xiangzi mainly tells the story of an ordinary rickshaw puller. Xiangzi is from the countryside, honest. Robust; Perseverance is like a camel. After coming to Beijing, he chose a very common industry at the bottom of the city at that time-rickshaw pulling. He has a strong self-esteem; Hard-working, make a living on your own. His biggest dream is to own a car of his own and avoid being exploited by the owner of the car factory. His hopes were dashed again and again, and his struggle with fate ended in fiasco. Xiangzi experienced a series of things, such as his new car was robbed, he married Tigress he didn't love, he sold his car to bury Tigress who died in childbirth, and his favorite joy was sold to a white house and then committed suicide. His hope and confidence in life, his strong character, are lost bit by bit in life. He became lazy, cunning, extremely selfish and rogue, and became an out-and-out "eyesore", gradually slipping into the abyss of depravity. Finally, he could not resist the temptation of Mrs. Xia and got a dirty disease.
I think Xiangzi's experience and fate is not only a personal tragedy, but also a tragedy of the times and society. It is through Xiangzi's tragedy that Grandpa Lao She mercilessly criticized this society-it doesn't let good people have a way out.
Other characters in this novel, such as the cruel and overbearing car owner, Joy who is going to ruin step by step, Tigress who is bold and provocative and a little abnormal, Mr. Cao, a university professor, and his political persecution, two generations of old horses and grandsons who are only one step away from death, Sun, a detective who swindled Xiangzi, a soldier who hijacked a car, and Mrs. Yang who refused to feed his servants, all show us shocking pictures.
Camel Xiangzi contains both portrait descriptions and psychological descriptions of characters. It describes the characters' personalities and destinies from different angles, which has a strong artistic appeal.
Camel Xiangzi was written on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, with the background of old Beijing in the 1920s. Through the tragic experience of rickshaw driver Xiangzi's life, it exposed the tragic fate of the lower class people in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China. Xiangzi proved that the working people living in that era could not change their situation through their own hard work and personal struggle.
This novel not only depicts the image of Xiangzi, but also depicts the image of Tigress with more pen and ink. Tigress plays an important role in the novel. Although Xiangzi tried to get rid of his relationship with Tigress, Tigress's existence became a mysterious figure who dominated Xiangzi's life and death. Grandpa Lao She put Tigress in a complicated social environment to show her personality. She is not only a woman infected with many bad habits in the old society, but also a victim of the society she lives in. Grandpa Lao She's portrayal of the tigress is in place. A few words not only show the relationship between Xiangzi and Tigress, but also clearly show Tigress's straightforward and provocative character. Tigress seduced Xiangzi and pretended to be pregnant with a pillow to blackmail Xiangzi and Si Liu, which not only showed her scheming, but also portrayed the image of an old girl who was eager to get married.
In Camel Xiangzi, many small people like Xiangzi are portrayed. Although their experiences are different, their tragic fate is the same.
My feeling is that China, where Xiangzi lived in the 1920s, was disastrous and chaotic, which is a true portrayal of the social environment in which Xiangzi lived at that time. Xiangzi's life reflects the sinking process of bankrupt farmers in China in the 1920s in the process of "citizenization".
In the summer of June, 1937, Shanghai.
Wang Wenxuan is a warm-blooded young man, full of lofty ideals, ready to devote himself to education in China. He fell in love with Zeng Shusheng, who also studied education. Chen, the elder brother of Chen, a scholar classmate, came back from studying abroad and is also desperately pursuing scholars. Wenxuan's mother sent a letter urging him to go back to his hometown and marry Mei, who had been engaged to marry at an early age. The scholar went back with Wenxuan, but was hit hard by feudal forces and had to leave the wrong place and go back to Shanghai for a wedding. Arrived with May, and things reached an impasse. The bombs of Japanese imperialism forced people to face a grim situation. Take Mei as the adopted daughter and take her to follow her son and daughter-in-law on the road to escape. Wenxuan went to Wuhan to engage in anti-Japanese propaganda work on the recommendation of a friend. The kind-hearted man also brought his students who lost their lives when they were young, and their guardian, distant uncle Zhang Huafei, and a family of four. The selfish Zhang Huafei family opened the back door and flew away with tickets. They bought tickets for Wenxuan who was stranded on the way in good faith, but they were rejected by Wang Mu. The scholar was almost raped by the defeated soldiers, and Wang Mu blamed her for attracting butterflies. A fierce dispute finally broke out between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. In a rage, I took Mei to Wuhan by boat from my hometown Tian Bingye. Wenxuan arrived in Wuhan, only to find that it was almost empty. They left a message for Wang Mu, asking them to go to Chongqing, the home front. On the way, with the help of officer Luo, the scholar gave birth to a baby boy in the smoke-filled war. The Japanese killed Jade. When he woke up, Shusheng found that Xiao Xuan had disappeared. After many hardships, they finally arrived in Chongqing, because Wenxuan couldn't find a job and had a hard life. In a big bombing, Wenxuan accidentally saved a newspaper owner and got the job of editor. Little Square held an anti-Japanese propaganda performance, and Wenxuan was finally reunited with his mother here. To our delight, the baby boy found and adopted by Hemei near Changsha turned out to be Wenxuan's own flesh and blood. The family moved happily to the place where they lived. However, Xiao Xuan refused to approach the scholar, and Wang Mu and the scholar often had disputes because of different ideas, which put the anthology in a dilemma. Mei, who is kind-hearted, always mediates for both sides again and again. Scholar went out to find a teaching position, repeatedly hit a wall, and finally became a shop assistant in a cloth shop. The propaganda newspaper angered the authorities by publishing articles critical of the current situation. He was honest, resolutely took responsibility, and lost his job to prevent the newspaper from closing down. In order to treat Mei and redeem the pawn accordion, Shusheng promised to work in the back office of the bank where he was the director of the credit department. The newspaper owner felt guilty about Wenxuan and recommended him to work in a bookstore. By chance, the talented Wenxuan was "hand-picked" by the vice minister who came to attend the celebration as the deputy director of the editing room, which caused the jealousy of Zhang Huafei, a colleague with no education. Sasha, the daughter of Liu Gongquan, the deputy mayor of the capital, is bent on pursuing glory, but she has been repeatedly hit by soft nails and vowed not to give up. She planted a distant cousin, Qin Feng, to spy on him around Feng Guang. Feng Guangzhao, who still loves Shusheng, cares for her, causing dissatisfaction among other colleagues. The stubborn scholar decided to work hard to make some achievements. She was trapped by Qin Feng, which almost caused great disaster. It was Wenxuan who overcame the inner contradiction and turned the corner. Wenxuan doesn't like the flattering fashion in the bookstore. He lost his job again because he refused to write against his will. Scholar and Feng Guang were eventually framed by Qin Feng. Feng Guang agreed to marry Sasha just to keep his job. After that, Feng Guang helped herself and Shusheng make money, Qin Feng was sentenced to jail, and Sasha went completely crazy through the "gold price increase news leak case". Wenxuan returned to the bookstore and became a famous proofreader. Colleagues found him a completely different person, cautious and taciturn. Mei married Tian Bingye, a countryman who survived the drowning, and went to Yunnan with him. She has been actively pursuing Shusheng's invitation to jump ship with her to work in Lanzhou. Wenxuan helped the director's son with his lessons, but he offended the director. Feng Ya, who married the secretary of the Ministry of Finance, lived in a depressed mood and finally committed suicide after her beloved puppy lost. Wenxuan's lung disease became more and more serious, and he was finally fired by the publishing house. The contradiction between Wang Mu and Shusheng's mother-in-law has always existed and is getting worse. In order to support the family and avoid this lifeless home, Shusheng decided to work in Lanzhou. She and Wenxuan kissed affectionately in the dark street before dawn and said goodbye reluctantly. When she arrived in Lanzhou, she kept sending money home, but Wenxuan's illness did not improve. The good news of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War came, but Wenxuan closed his eyes forever in the cries of his mother and Xiao Xuan. Shusheng regretted leaving her seriously ill husband and coming to Lanzhou. Feng Guang praised the anthology as a "hero of the times", and the scholar finally understood the greatness of the anthology. She rushed back to Chongqing and learned that Wenxuan had passed away, but her mother-in-law and son were gone. She can only step into the distant cold fog alone.