A: Analysis of reasoning skills in argumentative writing.

Reasons and reasons

This is the most common reasoning skill at the beginning of an argumentative essay. On the basis of grasping the topic, candidates use divergent associations to find materials related to the main idea, and then start a narrative purposefully, and then start a discussion on the basis of the narrative, so that the topics discussed can be based on evidence. For example, Guangdong excellent composition "Haitang still? The first two paragraphs of "Green Fat and Red Thin" use the meaning of Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream", and the reasoning extended from the narrative tightly buckles the narrative content and skillfully leads to the theme. This narrative not only serves as an argument, but also highlights the candidates' cultural skills and reading accumulation, killing two birds with one stone.

[example]

After a stormy night, Li Qingzhao, who couldn't help drinking in a deep sleep, asked about the flowers. The maid smiled and answered Haitang still. The poetess sighed: it should be green, fat, red and thin!

Li Qingzhao has delicate feelings and deep concern and pity for flowers, so she imagined the withered face of Haitang after the wind and rain. The maid was not, so the flower was destroyed without touching her or even being noticed by her. It can be seen that the intimacy of emotions is related to the depth of right and wrong cognition of things. Guangdong candidate "Haitang is still there? Green fat and red thin ""

Something helpful, something meaningful.

Proving facts with facts is the most common reasoning technique in argumentative writing, and it is also widely used by candidates. The key lies in the choice of examples. Excellent candidates are often able to innovate and be unique, giving readers various artistic shocks. The following is a typical passage in the final of the "Justice Cup" TV Debate Competition for middle school students in Zhejiang Province. The three characters mentioned in this passage are familiar to everyone and are "Chang", but many people are not familiar with the sentences they quoted accurately, which is "new"; The three things quoted are also familiar, such as Zhuge Liang's tears beheading Ma Su, which is "normal", but it is surprising and "coincidental" to change the angle to "the birth of tragedy is caused by family ties". Reading such articles, such as walking into the temple of knowledge, such as tasting delicious soup, has both "knowledge" and "taste"

[Example] Throughout the ages, there are countless examples of wrong things cognition caused by emotional intimacy. Li Mu devoted himself to serving the country, "breaking through the beautiful sea and driving thousands of miles away from the Huns", which can be described as brilliant exploits, but he was killed because of his distrust of the prince of Zhao, and finally ruined the great country of Zhao. Zhuge Liang's "three summonses focus on state affairs, and the second generation focuses on the heart of a child", but because he trusted Ma Su too much, he mistakenly issued a written pledge to fulfill a military order and lost the street pavilion, which led to the bleak ending of "leaving the school first and dying first, and the hero cried in his clothes". Li Bai was brilliant, "fresh and handsome, Bao joined the army", but he drifted all his life because of the alienation of Tang Xuanzong, and his ambition was hard to pay ... It can be said that the birth of many tragedies in history was caused by emotional intimacy. Zhejiang examinee "Justice Cup" TV Debate Competition Final for Middle School Students

Lyric and reasonable

If the reason is unreasonable, you will be outspoken, and if the emotion is unreasonable, you will be free. Only when reason and reason complement each other can they complement each other. In Look into My Eyes, a Hubei examinee indulges in admiration for Sanmao and directly expresses the feeling that "my youth has no Sahara", but at the same time, she cleverly withdraws from the edge of the cliff and rationally realizes: "It is her desire for the desert ... she has an unusual cognition." This should inspire some writers who like to preach with a straight face, right

[Example] Do you remember Sanmao who wandered in a foreign country and traveled all over the Sahara? Why did she choose such a difficult environment and understand the sadness and despair? Is it the grandeur of the yellow sand rolling all over the sky, the distance where "the desert is lonely and the long river is setting the yen", or the melodious camel bell? There is no Sahara in youth, but from her words, I realize that it is her desire for desert and her desire for desert emotion that makes her enter the Sahara, thus gaining an unusual cognition. "Look into my eyes," San Mao said to me lightly. "Only with deep feelings, only with yearning for it, only by shortening the emotional distance with it, can we truly understand the desert." So I understand that the essence of cognition lies in seeking, and the motivation of seeking lies in feeling. Only emotional closeness can lead to in-depth exploration and profound understanding. Hubei candidates "look me in the eye"

Thoroughly analyze the image

It is a kind of wisdom to look at things and the key to solve problems to analyze appearances and explore the true meaning of things from phenomena to essence. Don't let your emotions blind you. First, explain the phenomenon that some things cannot be understood correctly. Then, it digs this point, "to a certain extent" and "from the internal cause of things", and goes deeper and deeper, revealing the reasons step by step. Such a person who knows all the secrets often shows that he has certain life experience and good analytical ability.

However, there are some things that we can't understand correctly. To some extent, the proximity of this feeling disturbs our sight. From the internal cause of things, we lack the spirit of seeking truth from facts. In understanding things, I can't help but inject my own subjective colors such as likes and dislikes and closeness. How can the conclusion not be distorted? The consequences will be unimaginable, as proved by the rich man's unreasonable suspicion of others in Everything is Wrong. Shandong candidates "don't let feelings blind your eyes"

Analogy and understanding

This kind of reasoning, or analogy, or analogy, aims to make abstract truth easier to understand. Metaphor is the wing of thought. Obstacles to Exploration introduces readers into a rational world easily by drinking tea instead of exploring. We often like this writing, because it is not only the blooming of literary talent, but also the spread of association and the success of reasoning.

In fact, exploration is also like the art of drinking tea. When we make tea, the first bubble is light, the second bubble is agarwood and the third bubble is ethylene glycol. Why is the third bubble the most refreshing and pleasant? That's because the first two bubbles hit the wax and dust on the tea, and the third bubble made the tea really mellow and more fragrant. So did our findings. In the cognition of things, we should gradually put aside the obstacles of cognition, the fetters of family and closeness, go into battle lightly with a spotless mind, achieve fruitful results on the road of exploration, and understand the true meaning of cognition. Hunan Candidates' "Obstacles to Exploration"

Be cautious and rational.

The epigram is the summary of experience, the sublimation of reason, the embodiment of wisdom and the flash and success of argumentative writing. Without a certain ability to summarize things and a certain rhetorical ability, it is difficult to write one or two epigrams. In "True feelings are precious, and the price of reason is higher", "cronyism is close to the people, suspicion is sparse and loyalty is alienated." Using contrast and antithesis, the language is concise, but the examination has a long history, which well expresses the examinee's thinking.

Example: cronyism brings people close, suspicion alienates loyalty. How many sages have been abandoned and how many families have been separated by this emotional disaster! However, a true wise man knows how to grasp passionate love with cold reason and examine the mind with objective eyes. Stalin was also a tyrant, but people all said, "Tiger poison doesn't eat children." When the enemy held his eldest son in his arms, he decided, no! You can't exchange the affection of parents and children for the happiness of the people. We don't know what kind of praise and criticism future generations will cast on this man, but at least this time, we have to respect his sharp eyes and rational judgment hidden by his closest relatives. Zhejiang candidates "true feelings are precious, and rational prices are higher"

Introduce reasons

This is the most common technology. Famous sayings, in fact, are fragments of social life summed up by people of all ages after thinking, and are highly summarized and concentrated presentations of human culture. Borrowing famous sayings is just right and plays an important role in the reasoning of the article. Don't let the dark clouds cover your eyes. The article explains that "rational observation from all aspects will help us overcome our misunderstanding of feelings" with Wang Anshi's "On the Wall of Xiling", and ends with "climbing to the top", expressing the inner joy and pride of people who "get rid of emotional fetters" and inspiring readers to daydream.

[Example] "Looking horizontally, the ridge becomes a peak, and the distance is different." Rational observation from all aspects will help us overcome the misunderstanding of feelings and truly realize the complexity and variability of things. At the highest level, we can get rid of the fetters of emotions, or we can chant, "Don't let dark clouds cover our eyes!" " "Fujian candidates" should not let dark clouds cover their eyes.