Dressing slowly and revealing a little is not everyone's job. In the Tang Dynasty, only people with status could wear open-chested shirts, Princess Yongtai could be semi-naked, and singers could be semi-naked to please the ruling class, while women in ordinary families were not allowed to be semi-naked. At that time, the semi-topless dress of the Tang Dynasty was somewhat similar to the evening dress of the modern west except that the shoulders and back were not allowed to be exposed.
The collars of women's wear in the Tang Dynasty include round neck, square collar, oblique collar, straight collar and chicken heart collar. Short skirts and long skirts are characterized by high waists, generally above the waist, and some are even tied under the armpits, giving people a very slender feeling.
"Luoshan leaves are heavily embroidered, and Jinfeng Yinyan has its own traces." Mei Dai wins the color of day lily, and the red skirt envies pomegranate flowers. The skirts in the Tang Dynasty are colorful, with red, purple, yellow and green competing for each other, especially the red skirt. The popularity of red skirts in the streets is not the patent of modern people. As early as the prosperous Tang Dynasty, dance skirts were dyed red by pomegranate flowers everywhere.
Perhaps influenced by the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, Yang Guifei likes the yellow skirt best, which is a symbol of status.
The "semi-exposed skirt" reflects the openness of society at that time from one side.
Social ideology formed on a certain economic basis. It is an important factor affecting social fashion and clothing. Clothing is a barometer of social and political climate. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of feudal society in China, especially during Zhenguan and Kaiyuan years, when the political climate was relaxed and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was the political, economic and cultural center at that time, and also the center of cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The ancient city of An, the morning bell of the Wild Goose Pagoda, the smoke from the thatched cottage, the wind and snow of willows, the sunset of Mount Li, the sacred palm of the mountain and the stone carvings in the forest of steles seem to still haunt the sound of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. More than 300 countries had friendly exchanges with the Tang government. Through them, splendid China culture spread to all parts of the world. Today, some countries in East Asia still regard the costumes of the Tang Dynasty as formal attire, which shows its lasting influence. Foreign friendly envoys gathered in Chang 'an and also spread the seeds of their culture in Qinchuan, 800 miles away. Painting, sculpture, music, dance and other arts in the Tang Dynasty absorbed foreign skills and styles. The eclecticism of foreign costumes makes the exotic costumes in the Tang Dynasty even more dazzling.
Due to the open policy adopted by the Tang Dynasty, the costumes of the Western Regions and Tubo were eclectic, so "mud hat" and "fashionable makeup" became popular. This is the third great change in the ancient costume history of China. Different from the previous two major changes in clothing, this time the clothing exchange is from north to south and then to east. Qing dynasty: during the Qing dynasty, people used violent means to shave their hair and change clothes, and unified men's clothing according to Manchu customs. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), women's dresses in the Qing Dynasty were promulgated by decree, and the crown clothes with strong colors of Han nationality were abolished. In the Ming Dynasty, all men wore their hair in a bun and wore loose clothes, stockings and pumps. In the Qing dynasty, the hair was shaved into braids, and the braids hung behind the head, wearing thin horseshoe cufflinks and tight socks and deep boots. However, according to the law, official and folk costumes are completely different.
The Qing Dynasty was a political institution dominated by Manchu rulers, and Manchu Eight Banners costumes rushed into the customs with the change of dynasties. The customs and habits of the standard-bearer affect the vast Central Plains. In the early Qing Dynasty, the rulers took whether they accepted Manchu costumes as a sign of whether they accepted their rule, forcing Han people to shave their hair and change clothes. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Han people's anti-Manchu sentiment was high, and they vented their anti-Qing sentiment in various forms to resist foreign invasion. For thousands of years, the long-sleeved skirt with wide robe has been crowned with elegance, exquisiteness and weakness, which is in sharp contrast with the full skirt with long body and short sleeves. The flag suit has replaced the ancient costume because of its saving materials, simple manufacture and convenient carrying, which is the main reason why it is easy to be accepted by later generations. Manchu flag dress, rectangular outline, saddle-shaped collar covering cheeks, no waist up and down, shirt exposed, partial cardigan buckle for decoration, two or three fake sleeves, horseshoe sleeves covering hands, roll-in decoration, clothes plus clothes, vest or coat ... Its shape is complete and rigorous, showing a closed box, so its image is solemn and lofty. Today, it has had an impact on the "first generation of American clothes" at home and abroad. Especially with the development of the times, the Peach Blossom Fan Cheongsam, which has been processed to highlight the slender and graceful curves, has formed the costume representative of the Han nationality, and properly demonstrated the gentle connotation of oriental women. Its subtle and focused seductive style has eternal value and has also become the favorite of women's clothing in some naturalistic novels. Ming Dynasty: Compared with the Tang Dynasty costume, the costume in Ming Dynasty is that the proportion of clothes and skirts is obviously inverted, from short coat to long one, the coat is gradually lengthened and the exposed skirt length is shortened. The collar has also changed from a pair of lapels in the Song Dynasty to a round neck. In the Ming Dynasty, the blouse was narrow-sleeved and three-collared, more than three feet long, revealing a skirt of two or three inches, which was called "big-sleeved round neck corolla skirt coat". At that time, a new style was popular in Yangzhou: blouses were 2' 8 "long, sleeves were 1 2" wide, sleeves were inlaid with splendid flowers, and mink fox skin was inlaid in winter. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the skirt was light in color; During the Chongzhen period, white skirts were advocated. This skirt has an embroidered edge of one or two inches. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the skirt width was six, and it developed into eight or ten at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Skirt pleats are very popular, with thin pleats and large pleats. Folding decoration is very particular. There is a striped skirt, each of which is made of satin of the same color. Each piece of colored satin is embroidered with flowers and birds, and the edge of the belt is inlaid with gold thread, which can become an independent strip. Several such colored stripes are spliced on the belt to form a striped skirt, so it is named "phoenix tail skirt". Some also hand-made the whole piece of satin into fine pleats and named it "pleated skirt". A 24% off skirt, named "Jade Skirt".
In the Ming Dynasty, there was a special hairpin named "Bi Xia" because its shape was as beautiful as rosy clouds. This scorpion appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and got its name in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, it was included in the formal attire. It was widely used in the Ming Dynasty, and its shape was like a long colorful hanging belt. Each lower bar is 3 inches wide and 5 feet 7 inches long. Take it around your neck and hang it on your chest. Because there is a gold or jade pendant hanging at the lower end, it looks more noble. Men's wear in Ming Dynasty is represented by square scarf and round neck, and the clothes worn by Confucian scholars are very similar to those of Peking Opera literati on the stage today. It is characterized by wide sleeves, soap (black) edges, blue round neck and soft towel straps. Porters and porters wear blue shirts and trousers, long towels, wide coats and straw sandals. The official dress is a satin round neck robe and a satin coat. This robe is one inch from the ground, the sleeves are too long, the sleeves are one foot wide and the cuffs are nine inches wide. The red shoes are typical.
Shortly after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Khufu was banned, the dress code of the Tang Dynasty was restored, and the legal department and the formal department could go hand in hand again. The Ministry of Justice is basically the same as that of the Tang Dynasty, except that the golden fairy crown was changed to Guan Liang, and the crown style of loyalty, tranquility and harmony was added. Officials wear their work and round neck robes. In addition to the color regulations, the official uniforms are also decorated with patches on the chest and back, and different embroidery patterns indicate different levels of officials. Not only that, officials' belts also have different textures due to different grades. Therefore, the clothing characteristics of the Ming Dynasty are mainly reflected in the strict restrictions on grades. Scholars often keep their hair straight or drag it straight and wear towels. Civilians wear short coats, small hats or net towels. There are many styles of women's hair bun in Ming Dynasty, and they often tie a bag on their forehead, which is called "covering their eyebrows". The dress is similar to Song and Yuan Dynasties, but the underwear is a small round neck with buttons around the neck. The dress is long, decorated with gold pendant and cloud shoulder armor (big vest).
Zhu Yuanzhang unified the world, and Hanfu was generally restored in the Ming Dynasty. After absorbing the habits of the Hu people in the Tang Dynasty, Hanfu developed.
In the men's wear of the Ming Dynasty, most adults wore long, wide and straight clothes with green cloth and square flat towels on their heads, while ordinary people wore short coats and headscarves.
At this time, a small hat with six petals and eight petals appeared, which looked like a watermelon cut in half. It was first worn by servants, but later it became popular because it was convenient to wear. This is the predecessor of the "melon hat" in the Qing Dynasty.
Most of the ladies in the Ming Dynasty wore robes with big red sleeves, while most women could only wear pink, purple and green and some light colors. Ping wears a shirt and a long skirt every day with a ribbon around her waist. Skirts are very wide, and there are many styles, such as pleated skirts, phoenix-tailed skirts and yuet skirts. Japan: Kimono (Wufu) is a traditional costume of the Japanese nation, which was formed on the basis of China's costume in the Tang Dynasty through the evolution of 1000 years. The Japanese vividly expressed their feelings about art with kimonos.
There are many kinds of kimonos, regardless of color, texture and style, which have undergone thousands of years of changes. Not only are there obvious differences between men and women (men's kimonos are monotonous in color, black, with few styles, thin belts, simple accessories and convenient to wear; Women's kimonos have rich colors, wide belts, various types and styles, and many accessories), and according to different occasions and times, people will wear different kimonos to show caution (women's kimonos include wedding kimonos, adult kimonos, evening ceremony kimonos, banquet ceremony kimonos and general dresses). The weaving, dyeing and embroidery of kimono itself, as well as the complicated rules when wearing it (pay attention to wearing clogs and cloth socks when wearing kimono, and comb different hairstyles according to the types of kimono) make it look like a work of art. Designers constantly innovate in color and texture, and apply various bold designs to colors, so that modern impressions can be skillfully integrated into classical forms.
Types of kimonos
There are many kinds of kimonos, not only men and women, unmarried and married, but also casual clothes and formal clothes. Men's kimonos are few in style, monotonous in color, dark in color, thin in belt and convenient to wear. Women's kimonos have various styles, bright colors and wide waist. Different kimono belts have different knots and different hairstyles. Married women wear "cuff" kimono, while unmarried women wear "cuff vibration" kimono. In addition, according to the different purposes of going out, such as visiting, playing and shopping, the patterns, colors and styles of wearing kimonos are also different.
1. Sleeve kimono: The dresses worn by women attending relatives' weddings and formal ceremonies are mainly divided into black sleeves and colored sleeves. With black as the background, dyed with five patterns, patterns are printed on both ends of the hem of the kimono predecessor, which is called "black sleeves" and used by married women; There are three or one patterns printed on fabrics of other colors, and there are patterns on the hem, which is called "color sleeves".
2. Vibrating sleeve kimono: also known as long-sleeved dress, it is a lady's first dress. According to the sleeve length, it can be divided into "big vibrating sleeve", "middle vibrating sleeve" and "small vibrating sleeve", among which "middle vibrating sleeve" is the most worn. Mainly used for bar mitzvah, graduation ceremony, banquets, parties, visiting friends and other occasions. Because this kimono gives people a sense of fashion, more and more married women wear "vibrating sleeves".
3. Visit the kimono: It is a kimono with an overall pattern. It is a picture from hem, left front sleeve, left shoulder to collar. In recent years, as the most popular simple gift, visiting kimono is very popular. School opening ceremony, friends' banquets, parties, tea parties and other occasions can be worn, without age and marriage restrictions.
4. Small pattern kimono: clothes are dyed with small broken flowers. Because it is very suitable for practicing wearing, it is generally used as daily fashion and can often be seen on dating and shopping occasions. Small pattern kimono is also used by young women for semi-formal parties.
5. mourning clothes: wear all black at the funeral, including the belt.
6. Wedding dress: the dress worn when getting married.
7. Bathrobe: Wear it before bathing.
8. Men's kimono: A men's kimono is a formal dress with a patterned top and skirt. Except for black, other patterned coats and skirts are just simple gifts, which can be matched with clothes at will.
9. Plain kimono: This is a monochrome kimono (except black). If it is dyed with patterns, it can be worn as clothes. If there is no pattern, it can be used as a daily fashion dress.
10. "Fuxia" kimono: The patterns of sleeves, front and back and collar are all kimonos printed from bottom to top. Lighter and more comfortable than visiting kimonos.
1 1. 12 single: it is a full set of dresses worn by ancient women when they entered the palace or on festivals. Divided into Tang suit, single coat, watch, etc. * * * 12th floor.
Korea: Traditional Hanbok covers hands, feet and the whole body to keep out the cold in winter, while the neckline is designed to open forward and feel cool in hot summer. What influence does social form have on clothing? It has a great influence. From the Three Kingdoms period when the country began to form, the shape and material of clothing began to be different according to different status. Frequent contact with China made the costumes of the royal family and the rulers of the country interact with each other. Although Hanbok has been constantly changing since the Three Kingdoms period due to the changes of the times, South Korea still inherits the inherent tradition of Hanbok until today. Changes and characteristics of Hanbok
Hanbok basically consists of long coats, trousers and skirts, and robes are worn for ceremonies and cold protection. What does this basic structure represent? The basic form of northern nomadic costumes can be confirmed from the murals of Koguryo tombs in the 4th-6th century. After a series of changes, it has been passed down to this day.
Hanbok women's clothes are composed of tops and skirts, while men's clothes are divided into tops and trousers. Historically, due to the difference between the rich and the poor, the appearance, pattern and color of clothing have great differences. For example, kings in the Korean era wore yellow clothes symbolizing the center of the universe, while civilians wore a lot of clothes? White clothing symbolizes simplicity, which is why the Korean nation is called the white nation.
The beauty of Hanbok lies in its elegant and soft lines and generous overall. Women's wear is mainly clothes and skirts. Underwear, trousers, skirts, socks, vests, collarless shirts or robes. Men's wear is based on clothes and trousers, with belts and trousers, as well as waistcoats and collarless tops or gowns. Changes and characteristics of Hanbok 1. Casual clothes men's casual clothes are mainly clothes and trousers, with coats and trousers in autumn and clothes in summer. Wear homespun or silk cotton-padded trousers, shawl and collarless coat in winter, and wear robes when going out or out of courtesy. Women's casual clothes are mainly clothes and skirts. Jackets are divided into plain shirts, semi-ruffled shirts, linen shirts and colorful sleeve shirts. They wear jackets in spring and autumn, light clothes in summer and cotton-padded clothes in winter. Women who wear children's clothes are mainly clothes and skirts. Jackets are divided into plain shirts, semi-ruffled shirts, linen shirts and colorful sleeve shirts. They wear jackets in spring and autumn, linen undershirts in summer and cotton-padded clothes in winter. The groom is wearing a coat, trousers and robe, as well as a gauze cap, cloth shoes and a cloth fan. The bride wears a coat trimmed with jute, a red skirt and a grass-green Tang suit, a round shirt or dress on the outside, and sometimes no Tang suit, a corolla or bouquet on her head and decorations on her body. South Korea's traditional mourning clothes are different because of the differences in region, people's identity and wealth, but now these differences are gradually disappearing. The mourner formally puts on mourning clothes after the body is dressed (meaning that the body is washed, put on a shroud and put in a coffin), which is called dressing. Mourning clothes are made of coarse linen or raw white cloth. You don't have to wear mourning clothes after the funeral. Undertaker's eldest son wears a bow scarf. Bow scarf sacrificial clothing is a kind of sacrificial clothing worn on coats and trousers, with hemp belt around the waist, bow scarf on the head and mourning staff in hand. Shroud shroud is the clothes worn by the deceased when burying the body, which varies according to the status and class. The shroud is an auspicious day for the deceased to choose a leap month before his death. It is made of natural fibers such as flax, homespun, silk and satin, and its size is larger than his clothes before his death. In order to make the deceased have a safe journey to the grave, the thread of the shroud was not knotted but dragged on for a long time. Sacrificial clothing refers to the dress worn by men at the ceremony. In the past, there was no class distinction, mainly wearing Taoist robes and Confucian towels. Today I mainly wear robes. Because women can't directly participate in sacrificial activities, there is no special sacrificial clothing, mainly dressed in neat white or black tops and skirts. One-year-old boy's one-year-old suit consists of colorful sleeve coat, open-back pants, vest, collarless coat, robe and other children's clothes, and wears a towel on his head. When a girl is one year old, she wears colorful sleeve tops, open-backed pants, inner skirts and red skirts. Wear a bow on your head or a gorgeous bun embroidered with auspicious patterns, and wear pockets and decorations on your body. In order to wish longevity and wealth, adults embroider patterns symbolizing longevity on children's clothes, hang 3-9 wallets filled with various grains, and tie coats and belts. Boys' clothes are blue and girls' are purple. 3. Official services are divided into uniform, royal service, regular service, military service and temporary service. Uniforms refer to symbolic clothes worn by kings when they go to ancestral temples and shrines. They are made up of crowns and clothes, also called coronation clothes. The crown crowned by the king, with nine pendants in front of it, is wearing a nine-chapter suit decorated with nine patterns. The royal dress is the royal dress worn by the king when he appears in court. It consists of a traveling crown and a crimson gauze robe. Constant service is the daily service of the king, including wing crown and dragon robe. The chest, back and shoulders of the robe are embroidered with golden dragon with five claws. Princess clothes are divided into formal clothes, regular clothes and casual clothes. The princess wore the highest standard dress to attend the ceremony. As a princess and Wang Shizi's dress, it can only be the legal dress in the palace, and as a dress, the round shirt can be divided into the queen's royal round shirt, the queen's red round shirt and the green round shirt worn by the princess or the class girl. Ordinary people can only do it at a once-in-a-lifetime wedding? Dress, big dress is the wedding dress of the upper class, but later ordinary people can also wear it. Tang suit is a light dress, which is mainly worn outside the casual dress. The royal Tang suit is embroidered with woven gold and gold thread. In winter, it is a green or purple sandwich Tang suit, and in summer it is a white single-layer Tang suit. Hanbok is a traditional costume formed by Koreans who love to dress up through the coordination of straight lines and curves. Women's and short Korean tops are as elegant as wide and comfortable skirts, while men are the quintessence of Chinese culture. The basic color of the word white country is white. However, according to the different seasons and identities, the wearing methods, materials and colors also change. For example, in special ceremonies such as weddings, civilians and nobles also wear the same gorgeous colors, and women's elaborate decorations are waiting to be dressed up. Recently, I inherited the stale and practical life of Hanbok. Korean traditional costumes are famous for their gentleness, and the costumes of men, women and children bring people a simple and gentle atmosphere.
The beauty of Hanbok lies in its elegant and soft lines and generous overall. Women's wear is based on clothes and skirts, with underwear, trousers and skirts, cloth socks inside and a vest, collarless coat or robe outside. Men's wear is based on clothes and trousers, including belts and trousers, waistcoats and collarless tops or gowns. Historically, due to the differences between the rich and the poor, clothing has different styles, patterns and colors. Kings in the Korean era wore yellow clothes symbolizing the center of the universe, and civilians mostly wore white clothes symbolizing simplicity, which is why the Korean nation is called the white nation. Hanbok is divided into two types: upper and lower "dress separation", and Altai clothing is the basic clothing form. Women are Korean short jackets (and チョゴ skirts), while men wear vests and tops on short jackets in Korean clothing. However, today's Korean clothing still inherits the form and color of the Korean era.
Medieval Europe:
Clothing is one of the symbols of civilization, and clothing customs reflect the characteristics of national culture and the living conditions and psychological characteristics of people in an era. Europe was ruled by Christianity in the Middle Ages, and Christianity had a great influence on European clothing. Because Christianity despises money and opposes luxury, "in the Middle Ages, the clothes of the lower classes were simple and simple, and women did not dress up. They donated jewelry to the church. Uniforms are mainly white dresses and sleeves, and the color is very simple.
/kloc-in the 0/0 century, men's wear became more intimate. British men's tights are close-fitting in the upper part and knee-deep in the lower part, and are loosely stretched. Tights are pullovers. The tights are covered with cloaks and pinned to the chest with large pins. At this time, the women's dress is widened, the sleeves are lengthened with fat, the hair is covered with shawls, and the body is covered with cloaks. Their underwear is very long, straight to the ground, and their coats are also dragged to their knees. Round sleeves and gorgeous clothes are very influenced by Byzantium. Their hair was covered with a veil, and its end was heavier than their back and was dragged directly to the ground. In the 12 century, loose clothes became thin and narrow, which made the body curve stand out. Tie it at the back, the sleeves are gradually widened, and the cuffs can hang down to the knees.
/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, a round cake headdress appeared, which can protect the eyes from sunlight and insulate the heat. It was mainly worn by Crusaders. The front opening style of coats is popular, and the front opening is divided into two pieces. Women's clothing is a strappy tights, the top is close to the body, and the bottom is a wide dress. The two parts are sewn together with thread, and the sleeves are very loose. The cutting method is to cut the upper and lower clothes separately and then sew them together, as before.
Big cloth is different.
/kloc-in the 0/3rd century, men's and women's clothing tends to be consistent. Men's wear also includes tights and various coats, round cake headdresses, hat-shaped decorative sleeves and chest shawls. There are stockings and boots and shoes below. This man is wearing a small Central Asian hat. At this time, protective coats are popular and suitable for travel. This kind of coat is a big shawl, with an open chest and a seam beside it, so that the arms can stretch out and move. In addition, closed vest coats were popular in this period. The upper body is like a vest, and the lower body can reach the knees. This sleeveless gown, with shoulders extending to both sides, becomes a hat-shaped decorative sleeve. In the13rd century, the length of laborers' robes varied. Men's jackets are knee-length, short-sleeved, with heels under their feet, and there are round holes in the heels of trousers, which are convenient to put on and take off. Wearing a big linen pants in summer, with bare upper body,
Wear jackets and sleeveless pullovers in winter. Women wear robes with seams in the middle, which can facilitate labor. When harvesting, the skirt pocket can hold crops. At that time, farmers were forbidden to wear good materials and colorful clothes.
After 14 and 15 centuries, European clothing began to change. Due to the prosperity of economy, the development of agriculture, commerce and handicrafts, the exchange of international trade and the influence of oriental civilization, many changes have taken place in European clothing. Noble men and women pursue fashion, aristocratic women compete for beauty, and men are informal. There are more obvious differences between the clothes of nobles and civilians; Clothing styles have changed, and there are more varieties of clothing materials. The medieval costumes in The Legend of the Giant include satin, silk-wool blended fabric, woolen cloth, Damascus, stripes, gold satin and various furs. Clothes include coats, coats, coats, jackets, shorts, shirts and shawls, and women have long skirts and evening dresses. Ornaments include rosaries, rings, chains, precious stones, diamonds, emeralds, pearls, agates and so on. Clothing strives to get rid of ancient customs and pursue fashion. Decorations and buttons in oriental clothes are absorbed by Europeans. Men's coats are lined with buttons or gems, and even underwear buttons are decorated with gems and buttons.
/kloc-popular men's wear in the 0/4th century, with two layers of clothes, very close to the body, reasonable sleeve design, free movement of arms, convenient for whole body activities. There are more than a dozen buttons on the coat, and the inner lining of the coat has a thin belt to connect the upper end of the stovepipe pants with it; Wear a tight coat outside the coat, and a turtleneck coat appeared at the end of 14; The collar covers the ears, the collar behind the neck covers the back of the head, and the hem is dragged to the ground; The cloak of this period was fixed on the body with a set of buttons, and its appearance was round, long and wide. Women's dresses are mainly sleeveless coats and sleeveless gowns. Made of a piece of cloth, with a wide neckline and a low neckline. This is/kloc-a topless shirt popular among European women in the 4th century. The neckline is round, angular, square and wide, exposing the upper part of the chest. Upper body sleeveless short sleeves, shirtless, high belt. Both men's and women's clothes pay attention to decoration. Men's trousers and shoes are integrated, with leather soles and bottomless boots with spurs. Tight-fitting men's trousers are worn separately with two trouser legs and covered by a long coat at the front and back. Later, the coat became shorter and shorter and became a jacket coat. /kloc-in the 0 th and 5 th centuries, the coat was shorter and became a shameful dress. Women's topless evening dresses and men's jackets were opposed by priests. /kloc-Yang, a religious reformer in the 0/5th century, pointed out, "Because women wear clothes with wide necks, anyone can directly see their shiny skin until half of their breasts are exposed." ("The Cultural History of Shame" Lebel Sanlian Bookstore)
Changing men's clothes is also considered impolite. 1390, the local city Council of konstanz held a religious meeting and issued a notice: "People who go out to the dance or go out in the street only wearing jackets should pay special attention to cover their bodies before and after, and don't show shame." (History of Shame Culture, p. 83) Shortly after the notice was issued, the shorts were lengthened and sewed together with the decoration of socks-like feet. Later, thigh bags sewn with strong cloth appeared to cover up the shame.
The British House of Commons cannot tolerate civilians and ordinary knights wearing the same clothes as nobles, and strongly opposes the pursuit of excitement in clothing. When Edward IV of England was in office, the British House of Commons put forward such a document: "Knights below the Lord or any ordinary people are not allowed to use and wear any big dresses, jackets or coats. But the clothes must be long enough: when he stands upright, the clothes can cover his genitals and buttocks. The Lord or any higher aristocrat is not subject to this restriction. " (Breddo's Wedding Bed, Sanlian Bookstore).
/kloc-A dyed garment was popular in the 4th century, with one color on the left side of the coat, one color on the right side, and one color on the left and right legs of the trousers. The whole body was dyed in four parts. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/5th century, the clothes of trainee knights were composed of black, white and light green from hat to boots. Red, black, green and purple are very popular. Pants, shoes, hats and vests can be divided like this. Pants can be purple inside and black outside. (Quoted from "World Customs, Food, Clothing, Housing and Transportation")
Family emblem is the most common pattern embroidered on clothes in the Middle Ages. The family emblem was originally a symbol of identifying the enemy and ourselves in the Crusades, and later became a symbol of extended families and ordinary citizens' families. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, the wind of respecting the body and the family prevailed. Many large family emblems are embroidered on women's clothes, and married women embroider their husbands' family emblems around their clothes.
/kloc-in the 0/5th century, women's clothing was similar to men's clothing, with loose long clothes tied around the waist, coats tied with wide ribbons, and short swords hanging from their bodies. Men wore small hats and pointed shoes.
Hairstyles and hat styles of medieval women. In the 12 century, women used to comb their hair at the back and tie two braids on their cheeks. 13-14 th century, women wrapped their heads in square white linen, tied them to their heads, or pinned them to their ears with hairpins, only showing their faces. There are many styles of headscarves in the middle ages, some of which are very similar to those of modern nuns, all the way to the neck. Young girls can wear crowns on festivals, but married people are not allowed. /kloc-In the 5th century, under the influence of Gothic spire architecture, similar aesthetic clothing, such as V-neck, pointed shoes and new hat, was produced. The Xin 'an cap is conical, the inside is shaped with iron wire or paste, the tip is at a 40-degree angle, and the height is 9 inches to 3 feet. Hat hanging yarn (high-grade linen), fixed with a ring, the front can be velvet. Hats are expensive. A hat has one horn and two horns, and some have wings.
There are many kinds of shoes in the middle ages, including leather boots, boots, boots, slippers and so on. Leg straps and wristbands are made of leather and wool. Farmers often wear wooden shoes. Nobles wear pointed shoes, and sometimes their toes are particularly long. The length of toes represents the status of the wearer. Generally speaking, it is six inches, twelve inches for gentlemen and fourteen inches for nobles. The royal family is not restricted and the poor are not allowed to wear it.
In the Middle Ages, men had long hair and knights had long hair.
Priests always wear black robes and hoods; But the hairstyle has changed. In the 8th century, monks began to shave their hair, and the ceremony was "haircut style". In Greece or Eastern Europe, the hairstyle is to shave all the hair or cut it very short, which is called "Sao Paulo style". In Rome, the hairstyle is to shave off a round piece on the head and leave the surrounding hair, which is called "St. Peter's style". Shaving a monk's hair is a sign of humility and dedication to God. `
In the 14 and 15 centuries, the ruling class in Europe pursued luxury and enjoyment, ignoring religious precepts, especially in clothing. "Both nobles and ladies are like children who like new clothes and wear jewelry. This is an era of extravagance and waste. Men wear pointed shoes and women wear a foot-high conical hat. At this time, people made a coat out of the skins of 3,000 squirrels, and the Duke of Orleans embroidered a poem on his sleeve with 700 beads. " (Medieval and Modern Cultural History)
Under the rule of Christianity in the Middle Ages, people's pursuit of the beauty of clothing was regarded as frivolous behavior, and the struggle between abstinence and anti-abstinence was also manifested in clothing. According to the standard of beauty, people constantly promoted the development of clothing, and it was not until the Renaissance that the development of clothing changed greatly.
Byzantium brought silk garments from the Far East through Persia, or made them from silk threads. Men's wear has tights and sleeves, and the front is decorated with a lock. The clothes are knee-length and the sleeves are different in length. There is a belt around the waist. The long cloak is a formal celebration costume, with beautiful colored pendants embedded in the front and back of the cloak. A shawl is a long pleated cloth that is fixed on the shoulder.
Women's clothes include cloaks and shawls (long coats for the royal queen), which evolved from Christian vestments. A woman's coat is as short as her hips and as long as her ankles. Outdoor clothing is a long cloak that hangs from the head and covers the whole body. Noble women's clothes are inlaid with gold, silver, precious stones, pearls and agates, and working women wear sleeveless or short-sleeved tops, which are waist-length. As can be seen from the portrait of Queen Justinian, she is dressed in extreme luxury, wearing a long skirt that covers her feet. The skirt is as wide as a skirt, the sleeves are as narrow as the wrists, and the cuffs are tight. All kinds of ribbons are tied around the waist, clothes are decorated with all kinds of gems, pearls and gems are hung on the chest, hats are decorated with all kinds of gems, and earrings hang down. Some of its clothing styles are European, and its silk fabrics and gem ornaments are produced in the East. Respondent's brief statement: Boss, your problem is so big. Fortunately, I came prepared. It is not difficult to ask these questions, but there is no need to ask many at once. You just didn't ask the whole book. This is simply to organize materials for you to write a paper!