-Research on collective education and individual education

abstract

Friedrich Froebel, a famous German educator, believes that childhood is the beginning of "real human education" and is very important for developing people. Childhood is the period when children's personality begins to form, because during this period, various psychological components of personality begin to develop, especially the psychological characteristics of personality and self-awareness of personality and ability have initially developed. Every child often has a unique way of reaction in different occasions, different scenes and different events. The outline points out: "Kindergarten education should respect children's personality and rights, respect children's physical and mental development laws and learning characteristics, take games as the basic activity, pay equal attention to education, pay attention to individual differences, and promote each child's personality development." It can be seen that the growth of talents is inseparable from the development of intelligence, but it is not entirely intellectual factors that affect success, and personality quality greatly affects a person's future career achievements. Scientist Einstein said: "Excellent character and iron will are more important than wisdom and erudition. Intellectual achievement depends to a great extent on the greatness of character. This is often beyond people's usual understanding. " The research on cultivating children's good personality in kindergarten education has far-reaching practical significance.

key word

The Cultivation of Children's Good Personality in the Collective Education and Individual Education of Ba Academy Kindergarten

I. Introduction

After two weeks of kindergarten nursing practice, I have a certain perceptual knowledge of general education and nursing work in kindergarten, which is no longer limited to rational knowledge in books.

Nowadays, most kindergartens have undoubtedly become places to "store" children. Kindergarten should be a paradise for children, but guiding children's personality development has become a luxury of preschool education. The rapidity and convenience of collectivization education seems to be quite popular in kindergartens. In the face of children's personality being gradually erased, I have studied collective education and individual education.

This study adopts the methods of literature review, investigation and interview.

Second, this theory

Kindergarten education activities are mainly collective education, but there are some problems, which lead to poor teaching effect. For example: too much emphasis on the form of activities, lack of process and goal awareness; It is difficult to enhance children's real interest only by paying attention to their superficial interests; Only pay attention to children's practical ability, but ignore the participation of children's thinking; The relationship between generation and presupposition is not handled well, which affects the development of children's subject.

In 1950s, preschool education researchers in the former Soviet Union introduced the concept of "preschool teaching" into kindergartens, and formed a kindergarten teaching activity mode with homework as the basic organizational form. Teaching is regarded as the main means of intellectual education, which is defined as "the process of systematically, planned and purposefully developing children's familiarity, arming children with systematic basic knowledge and cultivating their skills and skills". This is a teaching concept centered on knowledge transfer. Under the guidance of this teaching concept, learning is regarded as a process of accepting the knowledge system constructed by teachers in advance. Therefore, this widely accepted and efficient collective teaching is regarded as a "shortcut" to impart this pre-constructed knowledge system. With the deepening of modern psychology and pedagogy research, people gradually realize that teaching is not a simple process of knowledge transmission, but a process of knowledge processing and transformation. Due to the influence of learners' original cognitive structure and experience, the same things and phenomena will have different meanings for different learners. Therefore, this requires us to recognize and respect the individual differences of children's learning while paying attention to their learning initiative. Since 1980s, people's understanding of individual differences has changed, from the past differences in ability, strength and personality to the differences in development speed and cognitive structure. This makes people realize that in order to give full play to children's learning initiative, it is necessary to make the teaching content, progress and methods suitable for each learner's physical and mental development level, progress and characteristics. This new concept of teaching and individual differences helps us to understand the limitations of collective teaching on children's learning initiative. Collective teaching is an organizational form in which the whole class learns the same content at the same time and in the same way. In collective teaching, teachers can't take into account the individual differences of children's development, can't really meet each child's learning needs, and is not conducive to the development of each child's learning initiative. As a form of teaching organization, the introduction of collective teaching into kindergartens has played a positive role. "The introduction of homework teaching into kindergartens has really had a good influence on cultivating children's organized behavior, developing their familiar activities, and teaching them to follow the instructions of adults, so as to prepare children for school. The progressive role of homework teaching in history should be affirmed. Today, we can't completely deny its existence value because of its limitations. In particular, most preschool teachers in China have rich experience in collective teaching. It is impossible and unnecessary for them to completely replace collective teaching with other teaching forms in a short time, because collective teaching has its unique educational function. While recognizing its limitations, we should pay more attention to its advantages to meet the needs of the new era.

In the process of nursing practice, I was deeply impressed by these three "problem children", and it was because I was close to them that I really felt the defect of the current kindergarten system-it is impossible to open all children's hearts with the same key.

Lele is a naughty little girl. Her friends don't like to play with her, so the teacher let her go. So, she took a craft class and secretly hid in the top floor to play with the doll house. For such a special child, as teachers, we should pay more attention to meeting her needs for love.

Rui Rui caught my attention because of his overly adult appearance. Usually appear withdrawn and indifferent. Teachers rated him as "a bad boy who fought bravely with his teachers". Once, when the nurse was combing the children's hair, the wooden comb fell to the ground. None of the children passing by realized it, only Rui Rui picked it up when he passed by. At that time, I felt that his nature was not bad. The behavior of stealing toys was only an obstacle to the child's psychological development, and the teacher did not give correct guidance in time. In addition, I found that all the children in my class have family photos, but Sharp's family photos are only him and his mother. Therefore, children's psychological development defects are also affected by the family environment. But who really understands his growth?

Haoran is criticized by the teacher almost every day because he has no good habit of taking a nap. He was not allowed to get up that day. I went over to him and asked him, "Why didn't you sleep again today?" He told me he couldn't sleep. I'll tell him, and from tomorrow on, close my eyes and pretend to sleep. He promised me. The next day it really worked. Not only was he not criticized by the teacher, but he really fell asleep. From this, I feel that children need your heart to communicate. Moreover, the rules of collective siesta are not humanized enough.

There are an average of 30 children, two teachers and one nurse in a kindergarten class, but how many children are really concerned at ordinary times? How many children's psychology has really been understood? What I heard was the teacher screaming at the top of his lungs. Killing chickens, for example, has also become a common measure taken by kindergarten teachers. However, is this educational method scientific? Gradually, the child's nature was buried in the collectivized education. We are not an assembly line production, and we are not creating a soul with uniform specifications.

I became interested in the term "Ba Xue Yuan" after watching a documentary called "Small Country".

A book called Little Doudou by the Window was first quietly translated into Chinese in the 1980s. It's a very humble translation, but people who are lucky enough to read it are deeply surprised and moved-there is such a six-carriage "Ba Xue Yuan", where students have lunch of "the taste of the mountain" and "the taste of the sea" every day and choose freely according to their own interests and moods. A few years later, the re-introduced and published "Little Doudou" unconsciously reached the forefront of the bestseller list, and it has been selling well for two years, and its momentum has not diminished so far. The growth story of this little Japanese girl not only caught the eyes of China children again, but also captured the hearts of more adults.

Children in China are very hard. It is universally acknowledged that as early as the 1980s, when we were children, we had talked a lot about reducing the burden. Almost 30 years later, the consequence of reducing the burden is still a joke-"it is still positive after reducing the burden", and our next generation has not been able to grow up easily and happily. Therefore, all children who have seen The Little Peas by the Window have the same desire. They really want to study and live in the realistic "Ba Xue Yuan" and meet a headmaster like Sousaku Kobayashi. This book about Tetsuko Kuroyanagi's real childhood experience can only be a beautiful yearning for children under today's educational system and environment. They eagerly paid attention to the story of Xiao Doudou and asked their parents curiously: Why didn't you send me to such a school? Children may not understand that there is nothing magical about the school itself (except that the school building is made up of six carriages). It's parents like President Kobayashi and Little Doudou's mother who have created miracles. They hold the most sincere and tolerant hearts, become innocent night watchman for children, and light up the light for children in the deep night. In a sense, the reintroduction and publication of "Little Peas by the Window" only calls for the return of a "child-oriented" educational spirit, so that children can grow up more, instead of "growing up" under the planning of their elders. As parents, we just need to be the catcher in the wheat field, just like Salinger's scene: all children are born to run and play freely in a large wheat field ... but when they are not careful, when they finally "accidentally" approach the edge of the cliff, they are in some danger of falling-"I" want to be good girl forever and stretch out my arms again and again.

If "Little Peas by the Window" is calling for a return to the educational spirit of "children-oriented", then the newly published "My Dear Sweet Orange Tree" is promoting an interactive concept of "childlike innocence return". As a parent, don't be a night watchman alone. You might as well forget that you are a well-behaved middle-aged man and let childlike innocence return at this time. Just like the sweet citrus reticulata who always listens to the protagonist Ze Ze in the book, and the Portuguese who regards Ze Ze as a friend, in their hearts, Ze Ze is not a bad boy full of pranks, and he has the most precious seeds of kindness in his heart-because he can't stand his father's sad eyes after he lost his job at Christmas, he took to the streets to shine shoes just to buy him a pack of cigarettes to cheer him up; The head teacher is not beautiful. Other teachers have flowers, but she doesn't. Ze Ze has no money to steal flowers from the flower shop and give them to the teacher. Zeze also likes to skip classes and often sings with artists, just to get a score from the artists every time and give it to his caring sister ... In the face of hard life, the sweet orange tree and the Portuguese have become partners who help each other in Zeze's life. They didn't give Ze Ze any practical material support, but it was enough to make Ze Ze forget the hardships of life happily, because what they gave Ze Ze was a valuable exchange, a talk and a copy. So, I know why everyone who watched the novel cried when the sweet orange tree was cut down and the Portuguese died in a car accident. They weep for the dead and for the living-for Ze Ze. After they leave, will anyone treat this lovely boy so gently? Talk with him, take him for a ride, and bring him warmth when he is ill ... This story has been brewing in the heart of the author José Mauro Devas Concelos for 42 years, and it took 12 days to finish it. Like Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, this story bears the imprint of the author's childhood. It is not only a growth story dedicated to every child, but also a letter to every adult whose childhood has passed. It reminds every adult of the pain, sadness and sweetness of childhood from the perspective of children. Maybe you are lucky. There is a tree and a person who walked into your childhood, filtering these pains and smoothing the sadness. If you are mom and dad, if you are lucky enough to read this story, you might as well let the childlike innocence return to your heart and become one with your children from today!

Whether it is Xiao Doudou or Ze Ze Ze, whether it is Ba Xueyuan or Sweet Orange Tree, two works with different styles from different regions are conveying such a message to everyone who is in childhood or whose childhood has passed away: whenever, in the deep heart, a gentle space should be left so that childlike innocence can be safely placed!

Influenced by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, the Ba Xue Garden founded by Li Yueer proposed that "children are feet and education is shoes".

Short words tell the truth. Our kindergarten should adapt to children and every child. Kindergarten should implement small class education, and children are not easily taken seriously. The education in Ba Xueyuan is open education. Although children are given some freedom, it does not mean that teachers can give up completely. Teachers should grasp the scale invisibly. Take enough time to communicate with every child every day. In the face of problem children, we should also have enough patience to understand the nature of things, and then evaluate children's behavior.

We should respect children's games, which are children's nature. Children's games contain development needs and educational opportunities. The diversity, difference and naturalness of development are vividly reflected in the game. At the same time, the game is a kind of spontaneous learning and has the function of promoting development. Therefore, teachers should respect children's spontaneous games in daily life and respect their spontaneous exploration process. It is pointed out in the outline that children learn through games and their daily activities, especially game activities, which are often comprehensive and involve a variety of learning contents, and have the value of promoting children's development in many aspects. At the same time, many experts in early childhood education have found that children's creativity is not taught through collective activities. It is innate and has been consolidated and developed in repeated personalized innovation activities, becoming a stable quality. In fact, as long as the teacher carefully observes, he can find the spark of children's innovative thinking in the details of the day's activities. At this time, what teachers should do is to actively pay attention to and adopt an appropriate attitude to protect children's innovative consciousness and inquiry behavior, rather than taking a rude way to contain it.

Listen to the voices of the children. Sometimes, many children's behaviors do not let people directly see their exploration process like the above cases. Many times, children's behavior is reckless and even destructive. At this time, you can't just judge the child's behavior directly, but you should kneel down and listen to the child's voice. This will help us better understand children's thoughts, their behavioral motives and thinking processes, and help us make correct judgments.

Guide children's thinking. The Outline points out that teachers should not only be "supporters" and "collaborators" in children's activities, but also give full play to the role of "guides". Therefore, teachers should not only pay attention to the whole process of children's daily life, but also be good at grasping the educational opportunity correctly from the details. At the same time, we should also help children learn to observe details in every activity and learn to think in the process, so as to give full play to the maximum value of education.

Children's personality development is based on their nature. Only in the display of nature can we grasp the possibilities of children's various development and give full play to their potential abilities. Children's nature is more reflected in the details of life and various spontaneous activities. This requires teachers to pay attention to the process of children's life with the development trend, pay attention to ordinary moments, learn to understand the development significance of behavior, and thus promote the development of children's personality to the greatest extent.

In addition to the kindergarten itself needs reform, parents' traditional concepts should also be liberated. I think, even though many kindergartens have been established and the software and hardware conditions are abundant, many parents are still reluctant to choose this new way of education. Many parents can't accept that their children get their hands and clothes dirty while playing in the sandpit. Therefore, since we have chosen pre-school education, we have the obligation to spread the idea of this Ba Xue Garden widely and let the public know and accept it. Adhere to the following concepts:

First, take children as the center and pay attention to the cultivation of children's personality.

Second, create a harmonious living and learning environment and promote children's personality development.

Third, innovate activities and expand the space of personality education.

Fourth, develop special skills and show personal style.

Fifth, carry out personalized education to optimize children's personality development.

Sixth, in a relaxed environment of democracy, harmony and freedom, effectively cultivate the formation of children's good behavior habits.

Three. conclusion

Children are feet and education is shoes. Kindergarten is a place to provide all kinds of shoes, not a trusteeship. Ba Xueyuan advocates personalized education, which is the guarantee for the healthy development of each child's personality. Don't let the traditional collectivization education imprison children's thinking. Including the development of children's personality and morality, but also inseparable from personalized education. Every moment of the child should be paid attention to.

refer to

1. Personality Psychology, published by East China Normal University, edited by Ye Yigan and Kong Keqin.

2. Montessori Early Education Law, China Development Press, Maria Montessori.

3.www.age06.com Preschool Education Network