Cosmic environment 1. Analysis of examination content: Human's understanding of the universe is deepening. The universe is matter, and the existing form of matter in the moving universe: celestial bodies (such as stars). ; Interstellar space also contains gas and dust. Celestial bodies attract each other and revolve around each other. The level of celestial system: Earth-Moon system-solar system-galaxy-galaxy Earth is an ordinary and special planet in the solar system, the cosmic environment of the earth, the reasons for the existence of life on the earth: the solar system map: the nine planets are classified according to their structural characteristics and their respective members (universality of the earth), the position of the asteroid belt, the central celestial body of the comet: the sun (the largest mass), and the reasons for the existence of life on the earth (universality of the earth) The reasons why the sun's illumination stabilizes the earth itself are: the distance between the sun and the earth is appropriate; The energy source of the sun with suitable volume and mass and its great influence on the earth: the nuclear fusion influence in the center of the sun: it is the main driving force of water, atmosphere and biological circulation in nature; The energy sources for production and life (solar energy and fossil fuels) The influence of sunspots and flares on the earth. The stratification of the solar atmosphere and the comparison of solar activity types have an influence on the earth. The number and size of sunspots in the photosphere is a sign of solar activity intensity. The correlation between climate, precipitation and sunspot number interferes with the ionosphere, short-wave communication, the earth's magnetic field, and the strongest solar activity display that causes magnetic storms and chromospheric flares; But they often appear together, and the active period is 1 1 year. The rotation direction of the earth and its periodic rotation direction: from east to west; The north pole is counterclockwise; Clockwise cycle of Antarctica: 65,438+0 sidereal day cycle and the cause of local time-one of the phenomena caused by the earth's rotation, the significance of terminator line cycle, the concept of position sun height: the sun height in the solar hemisphere and the night hemisphere? The period and significance of solar height =0 on the terminal line: 1 solar day (24 hours) rotates from west to east at different longitudes: local time is early in the east and late in the west; The influence of geostrophic deflection force on the horizontal moving objects on the surface with local time difference of 1 hour per 15 longitude-the third phenomenon caused by the earth's rotation-the left deviation of the southern hemisphere; Right deviation in the northern hemisphere; Unbiased influence on the equator: wind direction; Ocean current; The direction, orbit, period and angle of the earth's rotation: the same orbit: approximately a perfect circle ellipse; Location and approximate date period of perihelion and aphelion: 1 annual speed change of siderophore: perihelion is the fastest; Apohelion slow ecliptic angle (reflecting the relationship between rotation and revolution) Pay attention to the stereogram and plan view of ecliptic angle: Understand the important points, lines, planes, angles and their relationships on the map, and also draw and describe the relationship between the earth axis, the termination line, the equatorial plane, the ecliptic plane, the tropic of cancer, the southern arctic circle and the inclination of the earth axis. The influence of the ecliptic angle: the movement of the direct solar point on the earth's surface-the time distribution change of solar radiation on the earth's surface, the movement law and period of the direct solar point:-in the tropic year 1. There are two straight shots between the lines. What changes will be caused by the change of the intersection angle between yellow and red? The position of the earth and the corresponding date and solar terms, the direction of revolution, the direction of the earth axis, the approximate position of perihelion, the change of revolution speed 10, and the formation of the four seasons and five belts. The annual variation of the solar altitude angle at noon: the distribution law of different latitudes on the same day: the variation from the latitude directly pointing to the north and south (to the sun bisector) in the same latitude in different seasons: near big and far small (. 65438+around February 22nd? ) Annual variation of the length of day and night: pointing to the hemisphere where the day is longer than the night, the higher the latitude, the longer the day. Around June 22, the hemisphere pointing directly at the movement has a long day, and what about the northern hemisphere? —— The day is the longest and the night is the shortest at all latitudes in the northern hemisphere. There is a polar day around 65438+February 22nd in the Arctic Circle. In the northern hemisphere? —— The latitudes in the northern hemisphere have the shortest days and the longest nights, and there are polar nights in and around the Arctic Circle. -The equator is equally divided around the world? —— Divide the day and night into four seasons throughout the year: (The mid-latitude is obvious) Seasonal variation of the height of the sun and the length of day and night at noon —— The sun is the highest, the longest daytime is astronomical summer, the sun is the lowest, the shortest daytime is astronomical winter, and spring and autumn are three transitional seasons; The division of five zones in the twenty-four solar terms: the latitude distribution of the length of day and night and the height of the sun-the amount of solar radiation decreases from low latitude to high latitude-the five zones form the five-zone boundary and their respective phenomena; Five regions are the basis of climate division and natural division. 1 1. The significance and present situation of space exploration. Understand the cosmic environment of the earth. Exploitation of cosmic resources (space resources and characteristics, solar energy resources, mineral resources)