The importance of breathing in vocal music singing needs no elaboration. Because children's thinking ability and understanding ability are limited, in the process of children's vocal music training, there is often no suitable language to explain to children what is correct breathing. The following is what I arranged for children's vocal music teaching. I hope everyone will read it carefully!
First, the status quo of vocal music teaching in childhood in China
As we all know, children's physiological characteristics are different from those of adults. As far as vocal organs are concerned, children's vocal cords are short and thin, with bright, sweet and tender timbre and small vocal cavity. This requires that children's physical and mental characteristics must be followed in the training of children's voices, and a set of training methods must be tailored for students in the stage of children's voices. However, the current reality is not optimistic: only a few professional colleges can strictly follow the principles of children's vocal training, give full play to children's vocal talents, and avoid misunderstandings in teaching, so as to lay a good foundation for children's musical career in practical teaching. On the contrary, most students who receive children's voice training in ordinary primary and secondary schools are not so lucky. Because at present, there is no special vocal physiology course related to singing training in the syllabus of primary and secondary schools in China, and even a large part of vocal music teachers have not received relevant systematic training, students can only acquire music through simple imitation, and the misunderstanding of evaluating singing level by brightness makes many students lose good voice conditions while singing their childhood. This has to make people sigh: Isn't this the tragedy of "hurting Zhong Yong" created by modern education?
From the current situation of children's vocal music teaching in China, it is particularly urgent to develop scientific and popular children's vocal music teaching methods and gradually improve the children's vocal music teaching system. At the same time, more and more professional music educators have realized the importance of children's voice period and joined the research and practice of children's voice teaching. Huang Yaping of the Institute of Preschool Education pointed out in "Reflections on Children's Vocal Music Education under Quality Education" that children's vocal music education should attach importance to children's emotional education and cultivate children's interest according to the new requirements put forward by quality education. Based on the standards of quality education, this paper puts forward how to cultivate students' good vocal music literacy under the background of quality education, which is innovative compared with related papers. The book "Children's Voice Training Methods and Skills" by Professor hunan international economics university Wang Mei, on the premise of emphasizing the characteristics of children's voice, comprehensively and systematically expounds the methods and skills of children's voice training from seven aspects: basic posture, breathing training, vowel training area, voice training, pronunciation training and voice change training, which has practical guiding significance for children's voice training.
However, from the current research results, the focus on children's vocal music education is mainly on the simple teaching concept of "entertaining through education", and there is little research on the difference between children's vocal music teaching and adult vocal music teaching, especially the specific implementation of children's vocal music teaching. As many music educators have noticed, children's music education must consider students' physical and mental development, especially the cultivation of students' interest in music. So, where should the cultivation of music skills be placed? How to effectively combine the cultivation of music literacy with the cultivation of students' interest in music in teaching? This idea may be more practical than simply talking about the concept of vocal music training in children's voices.
Second, the training rules of vocal music teaching in children's vocal period
Different from adult vocal music teaching, vocal music teaching in children's vocal period must not be greedy, greedy and arrogant. In the vocal music teaching of children's voice, it is very important to teach students the necessary singing skills besides following the concept of "cultivating students' interest". Teaching students how to breathe scientifically, how to find the right position of voice and how to sing * * * is an insignificant teaching process in adult vocal music teaching, but it is a teaching principle that cannot be ignored in children's vocal period.
1. Cultivate students' scientific breathing training methods
As the saying goes, "a good singer must adjust his breath first", and any beautiful singing is inseparable from the support of breath. Children without professional training can sing loud songs with the advantage of children's voice, but with the loss of children's voice, the disadvantages of improper use of breath will gradually emerge. Therefore, in the process of professional training, it is particularly important for children's breathing training methods.
In specific teaching situations, teachers can train students' breathing methods through image teaching method:
1. The breathing method for the puppy to gasp. The purpose of the training method of puppy panting breathing is to train students' breathing speed and flexibility by imitating the breathing method of puppy panting, so that students can experience deep breathing when singing in this fast, large-capacity and elastic deep breathing state and feeling. In specific teaching, teachers can let students observe the characteristics of puppy panting through video teaching and guide students to imitate simply. After simple imitation, the teacher should make a correct demonstration according to the problems in students' imitation-open your mouth, open your throat, breathe quickly, and let all respiratory organs actively participate in breathing. In the process of repeated demonstration, guide the students to practice repeatedly, master the breathing method of the puppy panting, and experience the state of deep breathing when singing.
2. Smell the flowers and breathe. The method of smelling flowers and breathing is mainly to experience the flow of breath when singing through the calm and soft inhalation state and feeling. Breathing by smelling flowers is a simple and easy-to-master breathing training method. In specific teaching situations, teachers can use concrete and vivid experimental methods to achieve teaching objectives. Give each student a flower first and let him "smell the flowers". In this process, the use of student atmosphere may not be in place. The teacher can demonstrate this breathing method in slow motion-let the breath go straight into the small chest and abdomen, the diaphragm contracts and sinks, and the waistline also opens around to inhale, forming a life-saving gas belt. When the live demonstration can't fully show this breathing method, you can also choose relevant videos to show the changes and characteristics of various organs in the process of "smelling flowers and breathing", so that students can fully understand the characteristics brought by regulating breath. In addition to demonstration, it is more important for students to practice repeatedly to understand and master the use of breath.
2. Teach students to find the location of the sound.
The importance of voice to a singer is self-evident. In children's music teaching, teachers should not only know how to use the advantages of children's voices, but also teach students to find the position of voices and guide students to control them from a professional perspective. In the process of singing, voice is very important, and the high position of voice is a necessary condition for singing a good song. We know that if the sound comes from the head cavity, the position is high, so that the sound is not only powerful, but also conducive to protecting the sound. Therefore, in the specific teaching situation, students can be guided to read and sing sentence by sentence, and through the demonstration of high position, the correct throat state and the correct singing position can be realized, thus helping students learn to sing at high position.
3. Teach students how to open their throats
Good voice comes not only from talent, but also from the use of skills. Opening your voice is also an important part of forging a good voice. This is because opening the throat can keep the Adam's apple in a deep breathing position, and good sound can be obtained through the free space where the vocal cords are stable and fully vibrated. Usually the teacher will use the method of "yawning" to let the students open the flap naturally and make the cavity in the mouth bigger. Lift the soft palate, continue yawning and open your throat. At the same time, you can also lift the laughter muscle, separate the upper and lower teeth, open the nasopharyngeal cavity, and open your throat with the smile that the upper teeth are raised as much as possible.
4.* * * Ming skills training
* * *' s singing skills are largely related to the singing level of a professional singer. In children's vocal music teaching, we should let students master the basic singing skills. * * * sounds include: head cavity * * * sounds, chest cavity * * * sounds and oral cavity * * * sounds.
In the specific teaching situation, teachers should combine the characteristics of children's children's voices and formulate corresponding singing skills training for students:
1. Find the * * * sound point of the head cavity. Hattie, a famous American authoritative expert on children's singing, said in his works: "Generally speaking, children should never be allowed to sing loudly before they have received good training, otherwise, the beautiful sound quality will disappear." The first sound is the * * * sound of the head cavity. When students sing high notes, they must have a good intonation, otherwise they will not be able to get beautiful and crisp high notes. In order to get a good head tone, children must start with the training of humming in a weak voice, because humming can let students slowly realize the search for singing points, so as to find out the lack of voice and correct it. In the specific teaching process, teachers can guide students to hum "eng" to cause the vertical part behind the soft palate to vibrate, and lead to the opening of the nasopharyngeal cavity, while relaxing the mandible, so that students can get better head sounds with the cooperation of breathing.
2. Find the chest * * * sound point. Chest * * * is often used for bass. In the teaching process, it is necessary to teach students to relax their throat muscles properly and their larynx droops, that is, to let students imagine the feeling of "having a mouthful of water in their mouth and wanting to talk". Students will try it curiously, think about it, and then tell them that it is the feeling of relaxing their throats. This can enlarge the space of laryngeal cavity and connect closely with thoracic organs. At the same time, pay attention to the position of the sound.
3. Look for oral singing skills. Children need to open the skin flap to make the organs grow longer and bigger. Students can use the method of "swallowing jiaozi", first open the space between throat and mouth, and then find the voice of * * *. Oral * * * to "relax", that is, "relax Lickitung and small tongue". There are many ways to relax the root of the tongue, such as letting students stick out their tongues and shake their heads left and right to make them feel the tension of their tongues. Small tongue's lift depends on facial expressions. Solve the problem of small tongue, and you can easily master the skills of oral singing.
Third, distinguish the difference between children's vocal music teaching and adult training.
At present, in the process of children's vocal music teaching, in addition to the nonstandard teaching methods and insufficient teaching professionalism, adult vocal music training is confused with children's vocal music teaching. In order to pursue short-term results, there is a serious phenomenon of "encouraging children's voices" in vocal music teaching in children's voice period, which is also the biggest misunderstanding of children's vocal music teaching at present. Professional music educators must not go into such a misunderstanding while emphasizing the teaching effect of children's vocal music. In vocal music teaching, teachers should fully understand the physiological and psychological characteristics of children's voices, and combine the characteristics of children's voices to tailor training plans for students. To this end, the following principles should be kept in mind:
First, according to the child's physiological characteristics, don't overemphasize the child's voice cavity. You can't blindly pursue high notes and let students sing the range that they can't reach, otherwise it will easily damage students' immature voices. At the same time, it is necessary to keep children's vivid, simple and natural vocal range characteristics, so that children in this period know that "protecting their voice" is far more important than "practicing their voice".
Second, try not to sing too complicated vocal works. Because children's cognition is limited, they can't understand the connotation of complex music works well, and most children can't control difficult vocal music works because of their limited vocal skills. Therefore, the choice of teaching works should be centered on students' interests.
Third, try to choose works suitable for students' age characteristics to sing or teach, and never teach students some vulgar music works in the adult world as fashion. First-class music is not only the display of superb musical skills, but also the display of cultural connotation. From the beginning of students' musical path, teachers should take the cultivation of students' musical appreciation ability as an important teaching content, and the level of musical literacy is very important for a real musician.
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