Ziying is kind and temperate. Qin Ershi Hu Hai was killed. Zhao Gaoying acceded to the throne with Ziying. At that time, the territory of the Qin Dynasty was smaller than that before reunification, so Zi Ying of Made, Zhao Gao, was not an emperor, but a king, the king of Qin. Five days after Zi Ying ascended the throne, he planned to kill Zhao Gao and put his whole family to death. "Historical Records" refers to Zhao Gao's attempt to attract the rebels to Xianyang, and promised to kill all the royal families in the Qin Dynasty. When Ziying found out, he killed him first. Liu Bangxian entered the Shanhaiguan Pass, and when he arrived at the dam, he persuaded Zi Ying to surrender and got Zi Ying's consent. Ziying tied himself up with a rope and surrendered to Liu Bangjun himself with an imperial edict and a bugle. Zi Ying surrendered and the Qin Dynasty officially ended. Instead of executing Zi Ying, Liu Bang handed him over to the accompanying officials. Soon, Xiang Yu also arrived in Guanzhong with a great army. Liu bang retreated because he was unable to fight. After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang City, he immediately killed Zi Ying and carried out a massacre. The accumulation of the Qin dynasty was burned to death.
to become the king
After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai acceded to the throne. Zhao Gao was prized by II, and Fu Su was sentenced to death, killing many old ministers, including Meng Tian and Reese. When preparing to harm Meng Tian, Zi Ying once dissuaded II, saying, "Wang Zhao killed Li Mu, appointed Yanju, killed his former loyal minister, and appointed him to win. As a result, the country perished. Meng Shi is the minister and counselor of Qin State! And your majesty, if you want to kill them at once, I privately think it is inappropriate. Killing loyal ministers and using unscrupulous people is to make the court ministers distrust each other and make the soldiers outside lose their will! " But Qin Ershi didn't listen to his advice.
Qin Ershi reigned for three years and was killed by Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao wanted to stand on his own feet as king, but found that ministers did not support him, so Ying Ziying acceded to the throne and gave him a decree. Zhao Gao claimed that after the uprising, the land of Qin State was smaller than before reunification, so it should be called "king" instead of "emperor".
Kill Zhao Gao.
In September 2007, Zhao Gao ordered Zi Ying to fast, salute the ancestral temple and accept the national purport; Five days later. Zi Ying consulted with his two sons and Han, an official, and said, "Zhao Gao, the Prime Minister, was killed in the palace. He was afraid that his ministers would kill him, so he tricked me into being a good minister and made me king. I heard that Zhao reached an agreement with Chu after destroying the clans in our country, and he wanted to carve up the land in Guanzhong and be king. Now I am told to fast and worship my ancestors in the ancestral hall, in order to kill me in the ancestral hall. I can't go because I'm sick. The Prime Minister will come to see me in person. We will kill him as soon as he comes. " Zhao Gao sent someone to invite him several times, but Ziying didn't go to the ancestral temple. Sure enough, he personally came to Zhaigong, and Zi Ying ordered Han Tan to stab Zhao Gao and immediately put all his family to death.
Surrender to Liu bang
Liu Bang led an insurgent army into Guanzhong at the end of Qin Dynasty, and Zi Ying sent generals to stop Liu Bang's army. Liu Bang led the army to bypass the customs and cross the mountain, and defeated Qin Jun twice in Lantian. From October to October, 2006, he entered Wuguan, and when he arrived at Bashang, he sent someone to persuade Zi Ying to surrender, and Zi Ying agreed. Zi Ying then tied himself and his wife together with a rope, got into a white carriage driven by a white horse, dressed in white clothes worn at the funeral of the deceased, brought imperial articles (including imperial edicts and bugles), and personally surrendered to Liu Bang's army in the straight line. Zi Ying was king of Qin for 46 days.
Since Ying surrendered, the Qin Dynasty officially perished. Fan Kuai offered to kill Zi Ying. Instead of killing Zi Ying, Liu Bang handed him over to the accompanying officials.
More than a month later, Xiang Yu also arrived in Guanzhong with a great army. Cao Wushang, the ministry of Liu Bang, told Xiang Yu that Liu Bang wanted to stand on his own feet as the king of Guanzhong, with Zi Ying as the phase. As a result, Xiang Yu was at the Hongmen banquet. After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang City, he immediately killed Zi Ying, massacred and set fire to it.
After physical death
After Ziying's death, the burial place has been unknown. However, in recent years, Yuan, an archaeologist known as the "father of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses", recently pointed out that the newly discovered "Second Tomb of Qin Mausoleum" is a relatively independent cemetery, and its owner is probably Zi Ying, the last king of Qin Dynasty.
Yuan believes that Zi Ying, the brother of Qin Ershi and the son of Qin Shihuang, was killed and buried near the cemetery of the first emperor, which conforms to the ancient funeral etiquette and common sense. Putting Zi Ying's tomb in the northwest corner of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is also a last resort. After only 46 days in office, the dead gentleman baby hastily chose a site for burial, resulting in no pile of earth seals or city walls on the tomb, and even the direction of the tomb was contrary to tradition, resulting in a long-term unknown burial place.
Life experiences of characters
There has been no conclusion about Ziying's life experience.
Historical Records, the earliest record of Zi Ying's deeds, has four different views on Zi Ying:
One is the "Crown Prince Fu Su's eldest son". Qin Shihuang biography: "The son of the second brother, the son of the second son, was made king of Qin." (The Chronicle of the Six Kingdoms says "Zi Ying is the second brother of Korea") (This statement thinks that "brother" is the son of brother)
The second is "the younger brother of Qin Shihuang". Biography of Lisi: "Gao (Zhao Gao) knew God's gift, and the ministers bowed down to the horse, called the first emperor's brother and gave him a seal. When Zi Ying acceded to the throne, he suffered greatly, saying that he was sick and would not listen. He and Han, an official, whose son is highly murdered. "
The third is "Qin Ershi's brother". The faction believes that the relevant chapter of the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms reads: "Zi Ying, the second brother of Korea." It should be understood as "Zhao Gao supports Qin Ershi's brother and Zi Ying is the king of Qin."
The fourth is "the younger brother of the first emperor became the son of Jiao". Some scholars believe that the "disciple" in the book "Calling the disciples of the First Emperor Babies" quoted by Guangxu in Biography of Lisi should be understood as "the son of my younger brother".
Among these sayings, the popular one is "second brother and son". This statement has been used from Bangu in the Eastern Han Dynasty to modern times. Even two famous dictionaries, Ci Hai and Ci Yuan, which were revised and published in recent years, all agreed that Zi Ying was the son of the second brother and pointed out that he was the son of Fu Su.
Some critics, such as Yang Shanqun, Wang Quchang and Lin Jianming, support the second theory. These arguments include:
1. Ziying's experience, talent and influence are beyond the reach of any peers or successors in Qin Ershi.
According to the biographies of Qin Shihuang and Li Si, Hu Hai was never soft on his brother. If Ziying is Hu Hai's brother, why can he survive?
Chronicle of Qin Shihuang tells the story of Zi Ying and his two sons murdering Zhao Gao (different from the process of killing Zhao Gao described in Biography of Lisi). Their son is at least 15-20 years old. It is inferred that Zi Ying is about 35-40 years old, about 65,438+00-65,438+05 years younger than Qin Shihuang, and is regarded as Fuxi.
4. The Historical Records of the Han Dynasty, the original text of Hanshu, the three notes of Shiji and Yan Shigu did not mention that Zi Ying was the son of Fu Su.
Some scholars, such as He Ma, put forward the fourth theory, and their arguments are as follows:
1. The "disciple" quoted by Guangxu in his biography should be understood as "the son of the younger brother". Qin Shihuang's brothers can be found in literature, such as Gao Zhi, his mother Zhao Ji and the second son of Lao Ai.
2. "Shi Ming Shi Shou": "People are born with babies". The name "baby" has the meaning of newborn and infant.
According to historical records, Cheng Jiao was born about 256 years ago and Zi Ying was born about 240 years ago. When he surrendered to Zhao 239 years ago, his son was about two years old, and he might stay in Qin.
4. Being of the same generation and older than Hu Hai, the "second brother" in "Koryo's second brother Ziying" in Chronicle of Six Kingdoms should be understood as "Qin Ershi's subordinate brother". And Hu Hai for the throne has no interest, so he is not among the brothers and sisters that II wants to get rid of. Instead, you can stand up and advise Er not to kill indiscriminately.
So far, many scholars support the first theory, because the second theory also has some imperfections:
1. The royal family has a large population, so it is often the case that nephews are older than uncles.
Zi Ying is the eldest grandson and Qin Ershi is the youngest son, so this possibility will be even greater.
It is not surprising that Qin Shihuang has been in office for a long time and many children have a long age span. It is not impossible that Fu Su and Hu Hai are 20-30 years apart. It is also possible that Fu Su's son is older than Hu Hai.
The history books only record that Qin Ershi killed his brother, but not that Qin Ershi killed his nephew. In other words, it is not impossible for Ziying to be Qin Ershi's nephew. Zhao Gao is more vicious than Qin Ershi. If Ziying is not his eldest grandson, there is little possibility of his accession to the throne, and he probably doesn't have the courage to kill Zhao Gao.
domestic
The father didn't know that the son supported Qin Shihuang at a high rate.
He has a wife and two sons whose names and origins are unknown.
history
According to "Historical Records" Volume 6 "Chronicle of Qin Shihuang Six":
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When Yan Le returned to Zhao Gao, Zhao Gao called the ministers' sons and told them that he would punish II. He said: "Qin is a kingdom. The emperor ruled the world from the beginning, so he called himself the emperor. Today, the six countries stand on their own feet, and the territory of Qin is small, so we should take an empty name as emperor. It is appropriate to be king as before. " Make the second brother, son, son and baby king of Qin. Du Nan Yichun Garden No.2 was buried with Qian Shou. Zi Ying Zhai, when the temple, by Wang Yin. On the fifth day of lent, Zi Ying conspired with his second son, saying, "The Prime Minister wants to kill the Second Emperor, and he is afraid of being punished by his ministers, but he has set his righteousness on me. I heard that Zhao and Chu reached an agreement to destroy the imperial clan of Qin and the king of Guanzhong. Today, I lent my eyes to the temple because it tried to kill me. I said I can't get sick, and the Prime Minister will kill me when he comes. " The high envoy invited Ziying for several generations, but Ziying couldn't. Gao Guo went to him and said, "Why can't the ancestral temple be important?" Zi Ying then assassinated the palace master who was taller than Zhai Gong, and the three clans took advantage of it to enter Xianyang. Zi Ying was the king of Qin for forty-six days, and General Chu repeatedly broke Qin Jun into Wuguan, and then succeeded to the throne, making people surrender to Zi Ying. Zi Yingle formed a regiment around his neck, rode on a white horse, signed the seal of the Phoenix Emperor, and set off. Pei Gong then entered Xianyang, sealed the palace library and returned to the army. At the end of the month, the vassal soldiers arrived, and Ji Xiang was the commander, killing Zi Ying and Qin of his son and family. So they slaughtered Xianyang, burned the palace, captured children, collected treasures and goods, and the vassals * * * got a piece of the action. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the land was divided into three parts, named Wang Yong, Wangsai and Zhaiwang respectively, and named Sanqin. Xiang Yu was the overlord of the place of Chu, and was ordered to divide the princes of the world, but Qin was destroyed. In the next five years, the world will be decided by Han.
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Zi Ying, the heir of several generations, wore a jade crown, a flower-wearing bar and a Huang Wu, and went to seven temples from the White Temple. The villain took the wrong position and suddenly lost his position. He can only read for a long time, but he is worried. Father and son are in power, like brothers. They cheated the minister and hired a thief for you. After a high death, if you don't work hard, you can't swallow your food or lick your wine. Chu soldiers have already slaughtered Guanzhong, and the real people are on the hegemony, and the baby group of vegetarian cars has been sealed to the emperor. Zheng Bomao fought with his sword, but Rebecca gave up. The river must never stop, and the rotten fish can't fully recover. Jia Yi and Sima Qian said, "If you want to give priority to babies, you can only get secondary support. Although Shandong is chaotic, the land of Qin can be yours, but the ancestral hall can't be sacrificed. " Qin's accumulation and decline, the collapse of the world, although there are materials, can not be recovered from Chen, but it is a mistake to complain about the loneliness of one day! It is said that Qin Shihuang was guilty, and Hu Hai was extremely reasonable. Responsibility boy, the cloud and the Qin land can be complete, and the so-called unreasonable time-varying person is also. Ji Ji is famous, but not in the Spring and Autumn Period. I studied the Qin Dynasty. As for the division of Zi Ying in Zhao Gao, I have to be firm and pity his ambition. The meaning of baby death and life is ready.
Historical evaluation
According to Records of Historical Records, Jia Yi thinks that Zi Ying is a figure who completely destroyed Qin. In a paper, he thinks that as long as Zi Ying has "materials for being a master" and rules and regulations, Qin can still keep the Guanzhong area. Sima Qian himself agrees with Jia Yi's paper in The Biography of Qin Shihuang.
Ban Gu, a historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, holds different views: he thinks that once Qin Ershi dies, the Qin Dynasty is hopeless; Although there is nothing Zi Ying can do, the decision to kill Zhao Gao has proved that he has done what he can and deserves sympathy and respect: "I read Ji Qin, but as for Zi Ying's split on Zhao Gao, I have never been unable to make up my mind and pity his ambition. The meaning of baby death and life is ready. "