2 1 century, the discussion on the development of water conservancy industry is very active. The reasons are as follows: (1) The development of national economy puts forward higher and higher requirements for the water conservancy industry. (2) The relatively backward situation of water conservancy industry has exposed the increasingly serious water problem. All these forces the water conservancy industry to speed up the reform process and realize modernization as soon as possible. At the meeting of directors of the Ministry of Water Resources in 2000, Minister Wang Shucheng clearly put forward that "China's water conservancy should be transformed from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable water conservancy", which is also the goal and reform direction of water conservancy industry in the new century. Realizing the modernization of water conservancy in China is a contemporary water conservancy project.
2 1 century, the discussion on the development of water conservancy industry is very active. The reasons are as follows: (1) The development of national economy puts forward higher and higher requirements for the water conservancy industry. (2) The relatively backward situation of water conservancy industry has exposed the increasingly serious water problem. All these forces the water conservancy industry to speed up the reform process and realize modernization as soon as possible. Minister Wang Shucheng made it clear at the meeting of directors of the Ministry of Water Resources in 2000: "China's water conservancy should change from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable water conservancy." This is also the goal and reform direction of water conservancy industry in the new century. Realizing the modernization of water conservancy in China is the historical mission of contemporary water conservancy workers.
First, the road to modernization of water conservancy
The modernization of water conservancy construction serves the modernization of the country, so the modernization of water conservancy must first meet the various needs of society for water in the process of national modernization. However, water resources are limited, and the development and utilization of water resources must follow the laws of nature. The modernization of water conservancy industry also shows that it can clearly understand the basic laws of water, guide the society to make rational use of water resources and control unreasonable demand and consumption.
Throughout human society, the development and utilization of water has roughly gone through five stages:
(A) flood control construction as the main stage
Human society requires that development must first ensure its own safety, especially after human beings begin to settle around the waters, they must carry out flood control construction. Generally, dikes, city walls, urban drainage systems, etc. And with the improvement of social and economic level, the level of flood control construction is also constantly improving.
(2) the stage of water supply construction.
Only when the flood control safety of human society is guaranteed can the economy develop. After the economy has developed to a certain extent, the contradiction between supply and demand of water has become increasingly prominent. At this time, the construction of various water supply systems such as water diversion and water distribution has become the main content of water conservancy construction. The more the economy develops, the higher the demand for water supply capacity and guarantee rate.
(3) Priority protection stage of water resources
With the development of social economy, the higher the water supply, the more sewage will be discharged, and water pollution will cause major social problems. Therefore, water environment construction such as water resources protection and water quality improvement will become the main contents of water conservancy construction.
(4) Landscape construction stage.
After the water quality problem is basically solved, with the continuous improvement of human living standards and the development of tourism, people will put forward higher requirements for the landscape around the water area. Therefore, first of all, develop water conservancy construction in the surrounding areas of the city, manage water space, and provide good rest and entertainment space for people.
(5) ecological restoration stage.
With the enhancement of people's awareness of protecting biodiversity, people re-examine the role of natural water bodies in the ecological environment, and the voice of restoring the natural ecological function of water systems is getting louder and louder. The waters should be not only clean and beautiful, but also full of vitality. That is, returning to nature and restoring water ecosystem has become the main content of water system management in developed countries.
To sum up, in different stages of social and economic development, the corresponding content of water conservancy construction is also different. After the flood control and water supply capacity of developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan reached a certain level, the 1970s focused on water resources protection, 1980s focused on water system landscape construction, and 1990s focused on water system ecological restoration. The staged performance of water conservancy development was more obvious. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, due to the rapid economic development and insufficient investment in water conservancy construction in the early stage, many problems have accumulated, and the development stage at this stage is not very clear. In terms of flood control, urban flood control standards are high, and large rivers can prevent medium and small floods; In terms of water supply capacity, the north is seriously short of water and rivers are cut off, but the groundwater exploitation capacity is strong, which leads to serious over-exploitation of groundwater; Water pollution has been very serious, the water system flowing through the city is generally seriously polluted, and major pollution accidents occur from time to time; In some big cities, landscape construction has begun, but the water quality is generally poor; The ecological restoration of water system has not attracted enough attention. In 2 1 century, people's requirements for water conservancy construction should be all-round. It can be predicted that in the first half of 2 1 century, people will demand the restoration of clear water, blue sky and beautiful mountains and rivers, and require the water system to restore good resource function, environmental function and ecological function. The modernization of water conservancy in China requires us to carry out large-scale water conservancy construction and complete the five stages of water conservancy in the shortest time.
Second, the connotation of water conservancy modernization
First of all, China's water conservancy modernization is to meet the needs of China's modernization for water conservancy. That is, under the premise of ensuring social, economic, environmental and ecological security, we should guide and control the water demand of various industries, rationally allocate limited water resources, and meet the overall demand for water resources in the process of modernization in China. Its basic approach is to improve the security, comfort and affluence of river basin land through comprehensive improvement and strengthening river basin management.
Secondly, the modernization of water conservancy in China should proceed from the national conditions of China, including: inheriting the heritage of water conservancy construction in China for thousands of years, and carrying forward the wisdom and experience that are truly suitable for the natural characteristics of Chinese rivers; Introducing foreign experience and technology should be suitable for China's natural conditions and economic level. In a word, the modernization of water conservancy in China is to meet the water demand of modernization in China, which conforms to the water culture and water consciousness of China people.
At the same time, water conservancy modernization is a relative concept. First, compared with traditional water conservancy, it should fully reflect progress; First, compared with the international level, it should be close to the international advanced level on the whole. Water conservancy modernization should be manifested in three aspects:
(A) the concept of modernization
All kinds of advanced ideas and scientific conclusions related to water in contemporary society should be fully integrated into the theory of water conservancy construction and management, and the most scientific and advanced wisdom of mankind should be fully absorbed and utilized conceptually. Such as harmony between man and nature, harmony between man and water, wetland protection, biodiversity protection, respect for watershed circle and sustainable development theory.
(2) technical modernization
First of all, we should master and understand the latest technology and progress in hydrology, exploration, planning, design, construction and management in the field of international water conservancy construction, and introduce or absorb the necessary technology according to China's actual needs and financial resources. At the same time, we can keep abreast of technological progress in communication, computer, management, monitoring and forecasting, absorb high-tech achievements at any time, and create water conservancy technology with China characteristics.
Management modernization
Including the modernization of management techniques and regulations. In terms of management technology, we should fully absorb the latest technologies in information, communication, forecasting and decision-making, so as to make the water conservancy management process open, democratic and scientific. At the same time, we should build a perfect system of laws and regulations on water conservancy management, and make citizens consciously abide by laws and regulations and control water according to law through publicity and education and strong law enforcement.
To realize the modernization of the above three aspects, we must first attach importance to talent education and social propaganda. It is necessary to cultivate outstanding talents with modern concepts and technologies through education, and at the same time, through extensive and sustained publicity, form a new water concept and awareness of managing water according to law in the whole society.
Water conservancy modernization is a relative concept, which is constantly changing with the progress of social economy and technology. Water conservancy modernization has a starting point, that is, when the overall level of China's water conservancy construction is close to the international advanced level, but this is a process with no end.
Third, the current water modernization gap in China
If we compare China's water conservancy with the international advanced level, we can see that China is in the process of transforming from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy.
(A) the conceptual gap
The principle of sustainable development has become China's basic national policy, but this principle is not reflected in the basic theory of water conservancy planning, construction and management. Therefore, there are many signs of unsustainable development in the development and utilization of water resources, which will bring many hidden dangers to China's future social and economic development. For example, rivers in the north are cut off, groundwater in North China is overexploited to form a big funnel, lakes dry up or shrink, oases disappear, vegetation decreases, soil desertification, grassland degradation, sandstorms, pests and other ecological degradation caused by human encroachment on ecological water. Soil erosion and desertification caused by deforestation and sloping land reclamation, human activities such as land reclamation around lakes and wetland reclamation, and the serious consequences caused by a large number of pollutants discharged into water bodies all illustrate the conceptual gap. 1998 after the floods in the Yangtze River, Songhua River and Nenjiang River, the central government put forward such decisions as "returning farmland to forests (grass)", "returning lakes to fields" and "building beautiful mountains and rivers", which represented a major change in the concept of the national leadership. However, it still needs a process to transform the principle of sustainable development into a new theory of water conservancy construction, and there are many theoretical problems to be studied. For example:
1. Conditions for realizing the sustainable development of river basins;
2. The basic model of coordinated development of population, economy, resources, environment and ecology in the basin;
3. Estimation of basin carrying capacity;
4. Optimal allocation of river basin water resources;
5. Theory and technology of watershed ecosystem restoration;
6. Impact assessment of water conservancy project construction on river basin ecosystem:
7. The embodiment of intergenerational equity principle in river basin;
8. The embodiment of the principle of regional equity within the basin.
In China's traditional water conservancy theory, he was influenced by the idea of transforming nature and man conquering nature. Instead of studying and investigating human beings as a part of the river basin ecosystem, it unilaterally emphasizes satisfying the desire of human social development, and even interferes with or even destroys the coordination and balance of the river basin ecosystem.
At present, in the water system management of developed countries, more attention is paid to the management of the whole basin, and the goals of "harmony between man and water", "return to nature" and "restoration of river ecosystem" are clearly put forward. The ecosystem of the basin is in a good state, and the residents in the basin generally have a more active awareness of environmental protection and ecological protection. It should be said that our country is still in the initial stage of transformation in concept, and there is still a big gap with international advanced concepts.
(B) the gap in technology
There is no gap between China and the international advanced level in water conservancy construction technology. In terms of dam construction technology, Xiaolangdi and Three Gorges projects are world-class in design and construction. It is also in the international leading position in the theory of sediment movement, high-speed water flow, dam earthquake resistance and dam optimization design. At present, the gap between China and international water conservancy technology is mainly manifested in the gap of economic strength, that is, on the one hand, it shows the world-class technical level in some large-scale projects, on the other hand, it adopts relatively old equipment and construction technology in a large number of small and medium-sized water conservancy projects. Some advanced but expensive equipment and construction technology cannot be adopted.
1. Super levee. The width of the dike is about 30 times of the height of the dike, and the top of the dike can be used for road construction and residential development. Because the dike body is wide, even if it is flooded, it will not endanger the safety of the dike body. At present, Japan is carrying out super dike construction in urban reach, which costs a lot.
2. Urban rainwater storage facilities. With the expansion of urban scale and the improvement of urbanization level in the basin, the permeable area of the underlying surface of the basin decreases, the impermeable area increases, the runoff coefficient increases and the urban disaster-causing factors increase. Coupled with the development of underground facilities and lifeline network systems such as electricity, water, gas, communication, information and transportation in the city, the loss of flood disaster will increase exponentially, and the city will be vulnerable to flood disaster. In addition to increasing drainage facilities such as ditches and pumping stations, it is also necessary to build urban rainwater storage facilities, such as using temporary storage facilities such as urban green spaces, sports fields and parking lots, or building large storage facilities such as storage tanks, underground reservoirs and underground rivers to intercept rainwater. At present, more than a dozen countries have implemented urban rainwater storage plans, and the cost of urban construction may increase by about 20%. At present, China has not implemented such a plan in urban construction.
3. Use the floodplain to purify water. For some small towns and villages, it is difficult for all domestic sewage to be treated by sewage treatment plants, which will worsen the water quality of the river after being discharged into the river. The water quality can be obviously improved by burying a large sewage treatment pond in the beach areas on both sides of the river, filling pebbles in the pond, decomposing the organic matter in the sewage through bacteria attached to the pebbles, and discharging the sewage into Hanoi after biological treatment. At present, this measure to increase the self-purification ability of rivers has not been considered in river regulation in China.
4. Water conservancy engineering machinery. At present, the treatment rate of dike foundation in China is low, and there are many hidden dangers such as leakage and piping. Although trenching machine, jet grouting and other vertical cutoff wall construction equipment have been successfully developed in China, the construction capacity is low, and there is nothing we can do to bury pebbles in the foundation. Foreign countries have successfully developed high-power underground continuous cutoff wall construction machinery, which can be applied to pebble foundation, and the maximum depth can reach 50~70m. However, the price of each machine is about 20 million to 30 million yuan, which is difficult to introduce. In addition, large tunnel boring machines, belt conveyors, dredgers and other commonly used equipment in water conservancy projects are behind the international advanced level.
5. Water system ecological restoration technology. Developed countries are trying to make up for the adverse effects of water conservancy projects on the ecosystem and adopt various ecological restoration technologies. Such as adding fish passages, taking the form of bank protection for fish to lay eggs or rest, repairing natural bends and shoals, restoring grasslands around lakes, and restoring wetlands around water systems. Although China has sprouted at present, it still lacks the necessary research and theoretical guidance.
(C) the gap in management
It should be said that there is a big gap between China and the international advanced level in water resources, water conservancy projects and watershed management, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Quality and Selection of Management Talents
Based on the important position of water in social economy and ecological environment, in most countries, water administration and river basin management personnel belong to national civil servants, with high social status and income. Because civil servants have to pass a rigorous examination first, even students from famous universities can only pass about110, so their managers are all elites. After entering the civil service of water management, first enter the grass-roots work, rotate one post every two to three years, and participate in all-round training in the fields of engineering management, water administration management and scientific research in an orderly manner. Moreover, in the process of rotation, talented people are promoted, and those who have no performance are transferred to local areas, and those who can take up leadership positions have real talents and practical knowledge. Only when high-level talents take up leadership positions can there be high-level management.
Some countries also have a very good personnel system, that is, ordinary civil servants rotate one post every three years, departmental civil servants rotate one post every two years, and bureau-level civil servants rotate one post every year. This asynchronous rotation system can prevent sectarianism. It is impossible for the director to transfer to a new unit to take away a group of people, and it is impossible to form a close relationship in a short period of time in a unit, so he can only act according to the system. The leaders of various positions often rotate, which makes it easy to compare and preserve the strengths of each leader.
2. Management institutionalization
The perfection of management systems in some countries is surprising. Each unit has its own firm system, including who will do what, which day of the week to hold, what to do, what report to submit, etc., which will remain unchanged from year to year. You don't need to send a meeting notice, but you will have a meeting and work. Therefore, everyone in management knows exactly what to do and when to do it. No one needs to tell you, but someone will check your work. Sometimes even the style of writing remains the same, just filling in new situations and new figures. This avoids a lot of buck passing and is conducive to improving work efficiency.
3. Pay attention to the summary of management work
It is an important premise to sum up experience and put forward corresponding countermeasures and policies in view of the new problems in management. Therefore, being good at finding problems, summarizing and proposing solutions to problems is a sign of management ability. There is a big gap between us and foreign countries in this respect. China and Japan held a 15 Sino-Japanese conference on river engineering and dam engineering. The six papers put forward by Japan every year are basically summaries of management experience by officials of the Construction Provincial River Bureau, which are very innovative, clear-headed and operable. For example, in 1999, they put forward six papers entitled: risk management of water disaster and soil-sand disaster, flexible management of experimental reservoir, siltation monitoring in sediment management of soil erosion area, flood disaster response and regulation from Heichengda in 1998, cost reduction countermeasures of Zheshangchuan dam, and risk management of volcanic activity. These papers involve some important issues of water conservancy management, which are both theoretical and policy-oriented. It is said that the managers of the River Bureau write many similar papers every year and can take them out at any time when necessary. Most of the managers of our relevant departments are busy with their daily work and manage according to their experience. They rarely write high-level articles on the overall situation, and it is difficult to publish them every year.
4. Management concept
At present, our management ideas are still relatively narrow, and the management of river basin institutions is mostly limited to the management of water system. In addition to soil and water conservation, there is a lack of management ability for various human activities in the basin. Water resources management is limited to water resources management, but does not include water quality management. In other words, it pays more attention to the management of water resources function, but fails to manage the environmental function and ecological function of water. The advanced experience of water control is to emphasize basin management, and to shift from engineering risk management to whole basin flood risk management in flood control management; In the aspect of water resources management, it has changed from simple water resources distribution management to water supply management with coordinated development of river basin ecology, environment, economy and population, that is, from simply pursuing to meet social water demand to guiding reasonable water demand and controlling unreasonable water demand. Based on this management idea, river basin management departments have greater rights to intervene and stop unhealthy human activities that are not conducive to the normal function of river basin water system. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the comprehensive improvement of the whole basin, and the ultimate goal is to pursue the sustainable development of the basin.
5. Watershed management technology
River basin management technology can be divided into river basin information management technology and decision-making technology. In terms of river basin information management technology, China's river basin information collection technology is obviously backward. First of all, the density of rain and water regime monitoring points in China is insufficient, and there are insufficient automatic monitoring and telemetry stations. At present, the total number of rainfall stations in China is about 20,000, and the average land area is 2110,000 km2. To meet the requirements of flood forecasting accuracy, it needs to be increased by four times. Even considering the uneven distribution of rainfall stations in China, some places do not need to install rainfall equipment. For river basins with more stations, rainfall observation stations are still insufficient and need to be doubled. All kinds of foreign information about rainfall and floods can be made public through the Internet and commercial terminals. In order to monitor projects, floods and key protected areas, almost all kinds of means such as satellite, remote sensing, radar and camera are used for remote transmission and control. Light backpack camera and remote transmission equipment, optical cable dike leakage and deformation monitoring system, etc. It can realize real-time monitoring of various dynamics in the basin.
In addition to information collection technology, computer management technologies such as information management system, expert system, decision support system and consulting system, and related technologies such as RS, GIS and GPS are also developing and widely used in China, which is not backward compared with foreign countries.
6. Legal construction of water management
In recent years, the legal construction of water management in China has been significantly strengthened, and a series of laws and regulations have been formulated one after another, such as Water Law, Flood Control Law, Soil and Water Conservation Law, Regulation on River Management, Guiding Outline for Safety and Construction of Flood Storage and Detention Areas, and Compensation Measures for Flood Storage and Detention Areas. But relatively speaking, it is still far from perfect, and it is not detailed enough or omitted in specific terms. There are still no clear laws and regulations on project investment sharing, damaged project restoration, watershed management, water system development and flood control insurance. Compared with Japan's "Six Rivers Law", the construction and improvement of China's water conservancy laws and regulations still need time.
To sum up, compared with the international advanced level, China's water conservancy modernization is mainly manifested in the following aspects: outdated concepts, deeply influenced by traditional water conservancy; Limited by national strength, the overall technical equipment level of the industry is not high; Obviously backward in management.
Fourth, the trend of water conservancy modernization in China
Judging from the five stages of water conservancy, many countries have entered the fifth stage at present, but China should be between the second and third stages as a whole, and the task of realizing water conservancy modernization is very arduous. According to the characteristics of our country, China's water conservancy modernization process will have the following characteristics:
(1) Long-term.
At present, the backward state of China's water conservancy industry is caused by insufficient investment in water conservancy for a long time. To fundamentally change this situation, huge investment is needed. Let's use the current price level to roughly estimate all kinds of inputs.
1. Flood control investment. According to the general standards of developed countries at present, that is, the once-in-a-century flood control standard in cities and once-in-a-decade flood control standard in rural areas, the river basin agencies estimate that it will take 500 billion to 654.38+00 billion yuan to fully reach this standard.
2. Investment in urban rainwater storage facilities. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Construction of Japan, 500m3 reservoir will be built per hectare of development area, which is roughly estimated to be 654.38+000 billion yuan.
3. Meet the social water supply demand. At present, the northern region is seriously short of water, and the daily water shortage of cities in China is about 654.38+0.997 6.5438+0.6 million m3. If the planned water transfer project and water supply supporting project are implemented, it is estimated that 300 billion yuan will be needed.
4. Sewage treatment investment. When a city establishes a sewage treatment plant, according to the total sewage discharge of 41600 million tons 1997, it is roughly estimated that the construction cost is 200 billion yuan and the operation cost is1000 billion yuan/year.
5. Renovation of urban rivers and lakes. The initial renovation of urban rivers and lakes in Beijing alone has accumulated nearly 10 billion yuan over the years. It is roughly estimated that the national demand is 500 billion ~ 654.38+000 billion yuan.
Only the above items are roughly estimated to cost 2.5 trillion to 3.5 trillion yuan. If you invest 50 billion yuan a year, it will take about 50~70 years, plus various operation and maintenance expenses, and more investment is needed. Of course, the estimation of the above costs is very rough, but we have not taken into account the costs of various water ecological restoration. Nevertheless, we can estimate that the process of water conservancy modernization in China needs to run through the whole 2 1 century. If optimistically estimated, economically developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shenzhen can take the lead in realizing water conservancy modernization in about 20 years, and the whole country can basically approach the international advanced level in flood control, water supply, water resources protection and water space landscape construction in about 40-50 years, and it will take decades to restore the national water ecological environment by the end of 2 1 century.
(2) differences.
Due to the vast territory of China, the climatic and hydrological conditions are very different, the social and economic development conditions are very different, and the water problems and water conservancy infrastructure conditions are also very different. Therefore, the process of water conservancy modernization in different places is bound to be very different. We should formulate an action plan to realize water conservancy modernization according to our own characteristics, carefully analyze the situation in this region, and determine the current and long-term tasks. If some cities are undefended or have low flood control standards, we must first pay close attention to flood control and drainage construction. In some places, there is a long-term water shortage and drought, so the first thing to do is to save water and open up new water sources in order to exploit groundwater in large quantities. For areas with serious water pollution, such as Shanghai, the goal of "environmental water conservancy" is put forward, with emphasis on sewage treatment and water resources protection. Beijing has put forward the goal of "navigation with clear water and blue sky in the city" and carried out water conservancy construction with the spatial management of urban rivers and lakes as the main content. It should be said that the water conservancy construction tasks facing all parts of the country at present cannot be summarized by any one of flood control water conservancy, resource water conservancy, environmental water conservancy, landscape water conservancy and ecological water conservancy. They represent the main characteristics of water conservancy construction in different stages of social development, and are not contradictory to "engineering water conservancy", because the realization of any goal requires corresponding water conservancy construction content.
(3) stage.
The above five stages of water conservancy development, such as flood control, water supply, water resources protection, landscape and ecology, are a correct summary of the development process of water conservancy in various countries in the world and the only way for water conservancy to adapt to social requirements at different development stages. Therefore, the process cannot be reversed at will, and the development of water conservancy has an extremely clear stage. It is inconceivable that an area will make great efforts to engage in landscape or ecological construction before the problem of flood control or water supply is solved. Some cities in China are not determined to protect water resources, but make great efforts to build waterfront landscapes. As a result, there are forest belts, green spaces and pavilions along the river, but the river is a pool of stagnant water and smelly water. Not to mention playing in the water, people don't want to stay by the water for another minute.
As far as the national water conservancy construction is concerned, the problems faced may be various. Such as low flood control standard, tight water supply, serious pollution, ecological deterioration, etc., but for a specific water area, the problems it faces must have different contents in different development stages. In the above five stages, flood control, water supply and water resources protection belong to infrastructure construction. Only when these three tasks are completed can we talk about landscape and ecological construction, but we can't say that the latter two are dispensable icing on the cake and necessary for the sustainable development of society. For most of the waters in China, although there were some problems in the infrastructure in the past due to insufficient investment, the greatest achievement of China's water conservancy construction in the past 50 years has been to ensure the stable development of society through the construction of flood control and water supply projects for large rivers, and the problem is also the general pollution of the waters caused by social and economic development. Therefore, as far as the whole country is concerned, while continuing to solve the problem of flood control and water supply for large rivers, we must make great determination to cooperate with relevant state departments to solve the problem of river pollution. If this problem is not solved, landscape and ecological construction will be out of the question, and water conservancy modernization and sustainable development will not be realized. After the river pollution problem is solved, the available water resources will increase and the water shortage problem will be alleviated.
(4) Sociality.
Water conservancy construction is to serve the society and ensure social development. At the same time, influenced and restricted by social development, dominated by social demand and national economic strength, it shows strong sociality. Therefore, on the one hand, water conservancy construction should make corresponding development plans according to social needs and possibilities, and at the same time, it should pay attention to all kinds of unreasonable behaviors and trends in the process of social development, and guide and control them. For example, blindly invest in construction in areas with high flood risk, build projects with large water consumption and serious pollution in water-deficient areas, and blindly reclaim land from the sea and reclaim lakes and wetlands. In the past, we only emphasized that water conservancy development should meet social needs, but neglected the restriction and management of social water demand. Therefore, the water conservancy industry only attaches importance to the construction and project management of water conservancy projects, ignoring the management of social water use behavior and water use awareness. Because water conservancy modernization serves the national modernization, the water conservancy industry should play an active role in the process of national modernization and coordinate the relationship between social development and water. For example, in order to ensure the stable development of the national economy, it is necessary to build flood control projects to ensure flood control safety, and at the same time conduct flood risk management in the vast dangerous areas. Including letting residents know the flood risk in their area, the countermeasures for self-protection, and the rights and obligations in flood control, including allowing them to get all kinds of information and correct guidance in time during the flood season. In addition, management departments should formulate corresponding policies and regulations to guide the transfer of population and assets from high-risk areas to low-risk areas. The same is true for water supply construction. We should not only strengthen the construction and management of water supply projects, but also manage the behavior and consciousness of water use in society. For example, according to the possible rational allocation of water supply, the implementation of quantitative water supply, the formulation of corresponding policies and regulations to prevent waste and pollution of water resources, the adjustment of industrial structure in water-deficient areas, and the closure of industries with high water consumption and high pollution. Therefore, in the process of water conservancy modernization, our management should be extended from simple water system and water conservancy project management to the management of social water use behavior and water use consciousness in the basin.
Talking about the sociality of water conservancy in the future should be generalized sociality, that is, sociality in line with the principle of social sustainable development. Our water conservancy construction should not only meet the needs of human beings, but also meet the needs of other organisms for water, because a good ecosystem is also a necessary condition to ensure the normal evolution of human beings.
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In order to meet the water demand of China modernization, China water conservancy needs to take the lead in modernization. The process of water conservancy modernization in China will run through 2 1 century, and the goal should be to realize water conservancy modernization around economically developed cities in about 20 years, to complete the modernization goals of flood control, water supply, water resources protection and landscape construction in about 40 to 50 years, and to basically restore the national water ecosystem by the end of this century. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to formulate an action plan for water conservancy modernization in China, including personnel training, financial guarantee, technological progress, legal system construction and management system reform. In view of the backwardness of China's water conservancy concept, we should make up for it through publicity and education, solve the backwardness of water conservancy technology through developing water conservancy technology and increasing water conservancy investment, and solve the backwardness of management system through strong system reform and legal system construction.
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