Abstract is the epitome of the full text. Here, the author outlines the overall appearance of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text.
Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper.
The purpose of writing the executive summary is to:
1. In order to make the instructor have a general understanding of the main contents of the article before reviewing the full text of the paper, and know the main results and main logical order of the research.
2. In order to let other readers understand the problems studied by the author by reading the executive summary, if there is a curse, they should read the full text further. Here, the abstract has become an "advertisement" to recommend papers to many readers.
Therefore, it is necessary to prompt the main points of the paper so that readers can understand the main points of the paper at a glance. The abstract of the paper should be concise and comprehensive, and should not be too verbose to grasp the main points or just a few dry ribs, lacking materials to explain the views.
Executive summary can be divided into reportable summary and indicative summary.
The report summary mainly introduces the main methods and results of the study and the analysis of the results, and gives a comprehensive hint to the content of the article.
Indicative summary only briefly describes the research results (data, opinions, opinions, conclusions, etc.). ), and does not involve research means, methods, processes, etc. Graduation thesis generally adopts indicative abstract.
Literature review is an academic paper that collects a large amount of relevant information about the topics, problems or research topics in a certain field, a certain specialty or a certain aspect, and then comprehensively introduces and expounds the latest progress, academic viewpoints or suggestions of the current topics, problems or research topics through analysis, reading, sorting out and refining.
Literature review generally includes the following four parts: abstract, introduction, theme and references. This is because the research papers focus on research methods, results, trends and progress.
Extended data:
Literature review seems simple, but in fact it is an arduous task. In foreign countries, macro or systematic literature review is usually done by top "big cows" in a certain field.
In the works of existing research methods, there is guidance on literature review. However, neither teachers nor students who teach literature review courses actually pay enough attention to it. When I really do my own research, I find it really difficult to summarize.
The following are preventive measures:
Literature should be collected as completely as possible. Mastering a large number of comprehensive documents is the premise of writing a good summary, otherwise it is impossible to write a summary by collecting a little information casually.
3. Pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the cited documents. There may be similar views in the collected documents, and the reliability and scientificity of some documents are not the same, so we should pay attention to choosing representative, reliable and scientific documents when quoting documents.
3. Cite documents faithfully. Because the literature review has the author's own comments and analysis, it is necessary to distinguish the author's point of view from the content of the literature when writing, and not to tamper with the content of the literature. There are not many references.
Literature review writers sometimes see the phenomenon of quoting indirect literature. If the author quotes other people's references, it is better not to quote them indirectly.
4. References cannot be omitted. Some scientific research papers can omit references, but the literature review must not be omitted, and it should be the literature cited in the paper, which can reflect the whole theme and the author can read it directly.
5. Don't make a long summary. Magazine editorial departments generally have a certain number of words to review manuscripts. When the author writes a summary for the first time, he often doesn't pay attention to this point, which leads to more empty talk and cliché s, and the focus is not prominent. The summary should generally not exceed 4000 words.
Summary is not a simple literature list, but must be summarized by the author himself. Some comments just list the literature, which looks like a running account, without the author's own synthesis and analysis, which makes people feel repetitive and confused, and the materials and comments are not harmonious.
6. Some authors seem to regard the introduction of the paper as a form and a dispensable part, and separate the writing of the introduction from the writing of the text just to add a hat to the paper.
It is a common phenomenon to discuss the importance of research in general, even from the position of the industries involved in technology in the national economy, just like the leader's speech. It is the theme of research, and it is also from macro to micro, staying in general terms.
Obviously, as a result, readers can't accurately judge the specific value of "thesis proposition", and they also lack the summary and introduction of the research status quo. I wonder what is the difference between the author's research and previous research work?
Therefore, the introduction of scientific papers must explain the background of research work and generally discuss the current situation of research problems. The discussion of the research status is not only to examine the author's possession and familiarity with the materials, but more importantly, to judge the significance and value of the research work and the credibility of the research results from the comprehensive degree and the old and new degree of the materials.
7. Citations are listed and lack of analysis and generalization. The introduction should not only reflect the breadth of the background, but also examine the author's understanding of the research background.
Generally speaking, the author has no deep understanding of the problem studied. When introducing the current research situation, he often lists a large number of references, lists different practices and conclusions of different researchers, lacks the author's analysis and induction, fails to summarize the research results and existing problems, and some even list some documents that are not directly related to this research, unilaterally emphasizing the richness of information possession.
Although some people think that different magazines have different requirements for the introduction of research status, from the perspective of paper writing, the purpose of introduction is to explain the significance of the thesis proposition, not to summarize the research data, although summary provides convenience for readers to find information.
Therefore, we should use the author's own language to summarize the current research situation, especially the existing difficulties and shortcomings, thus leading to the theme of the paper.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Literature Review