The written expression of college entrance examination is a kind of guiding writing. The test questions define the purpose, object, genre and number of words of writing.
The materials provided to students are in the form of words, pictures or charts. The exam requires students to write an article of about 100 words according to the given situation and the meaning to be expressed.
The common styles in college entrance examination are narrative, explanatory, argumentative and practical. (1) Narrative: Narrative is a style that mainly describes the development and changes of characters experience or things.
It can be divided into two types: taking notes and taking notes. The narrative point is: 1. Time, place, people and events should be clearly stated when writing.
2. Person: Narration can generally be described in the first person and the third person: the first person means that the author narrates the things in the article in the way of "I" in the tone of the parties, and the third person means that the author narrates from the perspective of onlookers, reflecting the feelings and opinions of different people in the event. 3. The clue of narrative is generally time, that is, it is written according to the development order of events.
In order to write according to the clue of location, that is, in the order of location transfer. 4. Focused, clear and detailed.
5. Pay attention to the integrity of the article. 6. The tense used is usually the simple past tense.
Example: NMET 2004 Liaoning Volume The following four pictures describe an incident that happened in Zhongshan Park on Sunday morning. Please write an English article for the "English Garden" in your school according to the information provided in the picture.
Note: 1. The essay must include the main contents of all the pictures, and the content of the essay should be coherent and complete. 2. The number of short words is about 100.
3. Robbery and arrest. Writing steps: 1. Examination: Understand the meaning of the pictures and connect several pictures into a complete story. 2. List the main points: Location: next to the ice cream stand in the park.
Characters: a young woman, a thief and an old man. Events: young women were robbed, people chased them, old people tripped with umbrellas, police arrested robbers, and women and people thanked the old people.
3. Expand the main points into words, pay attention to the context, and use conjunctions and adverbs appropriately. 4. Read through and correct the mistakes.
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stall, a woman was buying ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag. She shouted, "Stop the thief! He robbed my bag! " Hearing this, several people began to chase him. An old man sat quietly on a nearby bench. When the thief ran past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it on the thief's leg. The young man fell heavily to the ground. Soon, the police came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and everyone around her was practicing his cleverness. (2) Argumentative thesis: In recent years, the proportion of argumentative thesis in the college entrance examination is increasing. Argumentative papers can be presented in many forms, such as drawings, charts, tables, letters, etc. But the style is actually argumentative, sometimes argumentative with narrative. The main points of argumentative writing are: 1. Clear point of view, the article must have a clear central argument.
2. The grades are clear. A central argument is usually supported by several sub-arguments. Different levels should be clear and the transition should be clear and natural. 3. The last paragraph summarizes the full text, draws a logical conclusion and highlights the central idea.
4. Generally, the simple present tense is adopted. 5. The language is concise and powerful, and spoken language is generally not used.
Example: 2005 National College Entrance Examination English (Fujian Volume). At present, there are a few students who cheat in exams at school. An English magazine intends to write an essay for middle school students on this phenomenon, entitled "My Views on Cooking in Exams". Please write a short essay in English according to the following tips.
There are mainly the following points: the main reasons are: too many exams are difficult; Not working hard, lazy; Please please teachers and parents' personal opinions: cheating is wrong and affects school rules; Be honest and study hard; ..... Other viewpoints Note: 1. The essay must include all the main points of the content and can be properly played; 2. The title and the beginning of the composition have been written for you, which is not included in the total number of words; 3. Word count: about100; 4. Reference vocabulary: cheating (v v.) Writing ideas: 1. First, examine the questions and determine the main points-the central topic of this paper is: my opinion on cheating in the exam, so we must first put forward the central topic and point out the problem. 2. Next, discuss this problem from two aspects, which can be divided into two paragraphs. Now analyze the causes of this phenomenon, and then naturally transition to your own point of view.
When telling your own views, you should have clear views and arguments to support them. 3. Finally, briefly summarize your point of view and point out the topic.
My view on cheating in exams is well known. Some students cheat in school exams. As students, we often take exams at school, but sometimes we have too many exams that are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don't study hard. So in exams, they sometimes cheat to get better grades to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, cheating in the exam is wrong because it violates the regulations of the school. We students should be honest and study hard to get good grades, instead of cheating in exams. Besides, we should improve our study methods and prepare for the exam. In a word, cheating in the exam is wrong. (3) Description: Description describes the shape, nature, structure,.
2. Four styles of English writing and matters needing attention: 1, narrative, 2, argumentative, 3, explanatory, 4, practical writing: including letters, notices, notes, etc.
Note: 1. Ensure that the idea of paragraph structure in the outline is consistent with the topic sentence of each paragraph. Only in this way can we ensure that the written paragraphs are not off topic and off topic.
2. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the content arrangement of each paragraph to avoid overlapping paragraphs. 3. Use conjunctions well and pay attention to the coherence between paragraphs and sentences.
In order to write an article with clear hierarchy, clear thinking and coherent words, it is necessary to build a bridge between sentences and paragraphs, and conjunctions play a bridge role. It is also important to pay more attention to accumulating some advanced vocabulary.
Extended data:
The key to composition: composition is one of the important contents of English learning in middle schools, and it is also the embodiment of students' comprehensive ability. It is closely related to students' vocabulary, grammar, syntactic ability and logical thinking ability, and occupies a considerable proportion in the college entrance examination.
However, many students lose a lot of points in this respect, which affects the final total score, so it is imperative to improve students' writing ability. Any article is composed of sentences, and sentences are composed of phrases and basic sentence patterns.
Pay attention to the understanding and memory of words, phrases and sentence patterns. Therefore, written expression should start with the training of phrases and sentence patterns and strengthen the basic knowledge. Master phrases, basic sentence patterns, and match them with appropriate tenses, and an article will be basically completed.
Sentence is the basic unit of composition, so we should consciously carry out step-by-step sentence linking training. Write out the vocabulary first, and then skillfully use some related words to connect the sentences into articles.
In a large number of simple sentences with various forms, we should gradually learn to express our thoughts in simple sentences and learn to write a paragraph to express coherent thoughts. Baidu encyclopedia-English composition.
3. English definitions of four genres of English writing 1, narrative:
Narrative is a literary form with the main contents of remembering people, narrating, describing scenery and images, writing about characters experience and the development and changes of things.
2. Argumentative paper:
Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By presenting facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition. Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic.
3. Exposure application:
Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a format style with Ming Dow, communication, compliance and agreement that is often used by state organs, political parties, social organizations, enterprises and institutions in dealing with various affairs in their daily work and life.
4. Description:
Explanatory writing is an article genre with explanation as its main expression. Through the scientific explanation of physical things, it makes people have a scientific understanding of the shape, structure, nature, types, causes, functions and relationships of things or the concepts, characteristics, sources, evolution, similarities and differences of things, so as to obtain relevant knowledge.
Extended data
Principles of improving English writing ability;
1, the principle of gradual progress. We should adhere to the training procedure of "sentence-paragraph-article", from easy to difficult, step by step. In the primary stage of English writing, we should always pay attention to cultivating students' good writing habits and paying close attention to basic skills training.
After students have mastered the basic sentence patterns and can write simple sentences, they are required to write short articles according to some styles. In paragraph writing, students should be guided to analyze the structure of the paragraph, the central sentence of the paragraph, the logical relationship between sentences, and writing skills. , is conducive to the next article writing. Writing articles should teach students how to conceive articles and how to use correct writing skills.
2. The principle of diversity. We should adhere to the diversity of training forms and writing styles. Formally speaking, you can answer questions with oral composition or continue to write stories; You can rewrite the text or imitate it;
You can write an outline to train the layout of the article, or you can write an extension to train divergent thinking. Stylistically speaking, you can write expository, argumentative and narrative articles, and you can also write letters, notes, notices and other practical styles.
3. The principle of combination. We should adhere to the combination of listening, speaking, reading and writing training. According to the theory of language acquisition, learners often learn language knowledge by listening and reading, so as to understand other people's thoughts, and then express their thoughts by speaking and writing.
Let others know about themselves. A lot of listening and speaking training can promote the improvement of reading and writing ability. Therefore, writing is closely combined with listening, speaking and reading, and diversified ability training can make students' abilities interact, penetrate and promote each other.
reference data
Sogou encyclopedia-narrative
Sogou encyclopedia-argumentative paper
Sogou encyclopedia-practical writing
Sogou encyclopedia-explanatory text
4. The importance of English writing in English learning. Don't worry about how to improve your English writing ability. Key words: Introduction to the principles and methods of English writing ability: English writing ability is one of the four basic abilities of English listening, speaking, reading and writing, and English writing can effectively promote the internalization of language knowledge.
Swain( 1985) put forward the "comprehensible output" hypothesis, which holds that the productive use of language, including writing, helps learners to test the structure of target sentences and the use of words, promotes the automation of language use and effectively achieves the purpose of language acquisition. Through writing, constantly consolidating and internalizing English knowledge is conducive to the all-round development of English skills.
However, English writing is one of the biggest headaches for English learners, and it is also easily overlooked by teachers. The author thinks that how to improve English writing ability deserves our serious study. This article talks about the preliminary views.
First, the principle of improving English writing ability (first, the progressive principle. We should adhere to the training procedure of "sentence-paragraph-article", from easy to difficult, step by step.
In the primary stage of English writing, we should always pay attention to cultivating students' good writing habits and paying close attention to basic skills training. After students have mastered the basic sentence patterns and can write simple sentences, they are required to write short articles according to some styles.
In paragraph writing, students should be guided to analyze the structure of the paragraph, the central sentence of the paragraph, the logical relationship between sentences, and writing skills. , is conducive to the next article writing. Writing articles should teach students how to conceive articles and how to use correct writing skills.
(2) the principle of diversity. We should adhere to the diversity of training forms and writing styles.
Formally speaking, you can answer questions with oral composition or continue to write stories; You can rewrite the text or imitate it; You can write an outline to train the layout of the article, or you can write an extension to train divergent thinking. Stylistically speaking, you can write expository, argumentative and narrative articles, and you can also write letters, notes, notices and other practical styles.
(3) the principle of combination. We should adhere to the combination of listening, speaking, reading and writing training.
According to the theory of language acquisition, learners often learn language knowledge by listening and reading, so as to understand others' thoughts, and then express their thoughts by speaking and writing, so that others can understand themselves. A lot of listening and speaking training can promote the improvement of reading and writing ability.
Therefore, writing is closely combined with listening, speaking and reading, and diversified ability training can make students' abilities interact, penetrate and promote each other. (4) control principle.
We should adhere to the guidance before writing, control students' Chinese thinking and develop their English thinking. Language learning is largely imitation, not free expression.
Teachers should strengthen the guidance before writing, give students model essays to imitate, and make students familiar with the text structure. At the same time, we should control their Chinese thinking, let students get used to English language thinking as much as possible, and let students learn and master authentic and correct English.
(5) the principle of permanence. We should persist in long-term correct writing training.
The improvement of English writing ability is not a one-off event, but a long-term, arduous and gradual process. This requires teachers and students to have full preparation, perseverance and confidence to win.
Second, ways to improve English writing ability. (A) through the accumulation of vocabulary, improve English writing ability.
Just as civil masonry is a building material, vocabulary is a necessary material for speaking and writing, and it is also a bottleneck restricting the improvement of writing ability. It is conceivable that if you want to write a sentence, eight words in 10 are misspelled or can't be spelled, and two words are used improperly, how can you express your thoughts clearly? Therefore, in the usual teaching, students should be emphasized to remember words, spelling, usage, meaning and so on.
There are many ways to remember words. Everyone has his own memory methods and habits, which can vary from person to person. Teachers can encourage students to memorize words by asking them to read aloud, dictate words, memorize words, choose words and make sentences, and contest vocabulary.
Memorizing words is a long and repeated process. Only by long-term persistence can we accumulate a large number of words and lay a solid foundation for English writing. (B) by expanding reading, improve English writing ability.
The ancients said, "Read 300 Tang poems, even if you can't write poems", which is a learning method of Chinese and can also be used for reference in English writing. Reading more books is a way for students to increase their exposure to English language materials, receive information, activate their thinking and increase their intelligence. At the same time, it is also a good way to cultivate students' English thinking ability, improve their understanding ability, enhance their sense of language and consolidate and expand their vocabulary, which is conducive to improving their English writing ability.
In reading training, teachers should pay attention to the following issues: 1. Guide reading methods, and analyze article structure, central idea, paragraph central sentence, writing methods, etc. And help students master the structure and writing methods of various articles. The second is to combine intensive reading with extensive reading, and learn how to write and choose words by scrutinizing excellent articles; Absorb information through extensive reading and enlarge vocabulary.
Third, we should expand reading. The materials provided for reading should cover a wide range, so as to continuously expand students' knowledge and make students adapt to writing on various topics.
(3) Improve English writing ability by improving listening and speaking ability. The four abilities of English listening, speaking, reading and writing influence and promote each other, and the improvement of listening and speaking ability will certainly promote the improvement of writing ability.
The key to improving listening and speaking ability lies in creating a good English environment. Teachers should teach in English as much as possible, conduct more professional listening and speaking training, and at the same time carry out a variety of extracurricular English activities, so that students can immerse themselves in English to appreciate, experience and use English. Over time, students can naturally talk and write in correct and authentic English.
(D) Pay attention to the writing process and improve English writing ability. For a long time, product method has been in a dominant position in China. Teachers judge the success or failure of writing according to the final product of writing, and pay attention to the technical details of writing (such as format, spelling, grammar, etc. ), while ignoring the guidance of the writing process.
According to the connection theory put forward by Rumchater and mcclelland, writing includes three basic processes: pre-writing stage, specific writing stage and article revision stage, which are combined together.
5. What are the four styles of the article? 1. Novel: Novel focuses on creating characters and reflecting society through narrative of stories and description of environment. Novel classification: novel, novella and short story; The three elements of the novel are the characters, the plot and the environment; The methods of portraying characters in novels are positive description (appearance, language, action and psychology) and side description (indirect description); The plot of a novel generally includes four parts: beginning, development, * * and ending; Environmental description includes social environment and natural environment; The characters and plots in the novel are fictional, so the first person "I" in the novel should be separated from the author.
2. Prose: Prose is a free and flexible style to express what you see and feel; Prose is divided into narrative prose and lyric prose; The methods to reveal the center of prose are to express one's ambition by supporting objects, to express one's feelings by borrowing scenery and so on. Prose clue: There is often a clue to string the materials into an organic whole. We can take people, things, feelings, scenery, time and place as clues.
3. Poetry: the classification of poetry: from the way of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry; From the genre of poetry, it can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and new poetry. Ancient poems can be divided into modern poems and ancient poems (ancient style), and modern poems can be divided into metrical poems (metrical poems [five-character metrical poems, seven-character metrical poems], quatrains [five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains]), words and songs; New poems include free poems (vernacular poems produced since the May 4th Movement), prose poems (lyric poems expressed in prose) and folk songs (poems circulated by the people and created collectively).
4. Drama: It is a comprehensive stage art, integrating literature, performance, sculpture, music and dance to form an independent artistic style. Classification of drama: drama, poetic drama, opera, ballet and opera according to their forms of expression; According to the nature of content, it is divided into tragedy, comedy and drama (tragicomedy); According to the aspects involved in the theme, it is divided into modern drama, historical drama, divine drama, scientific fantasy drama, children's drama and children's drama; According to the length, it is divided into whole drama and one-act drama. Dramatic literature is the script, which is the basis of stage performance and the main component of drama. Scripts usually include two parts: one is the playwright's stage tips, the other is the characters' own lines; The plot of the script can be divided into four parts: beginning, development, * * * and ending; Some long plays have a preface before the first act and an ending after the end.
6. What are the genres of English composition? They are divided into article genre and literary genre. The genre of the article includes narrative, expository, argumentative and practical. Among them, literary genres include poetry, novel, drama and prose.
1. Narrative is an article with narrative and description as its main forms and people, narrative, scenery and things as its main contents. In middle school, for the convenience of teaching, news, communications, biographies, memoirs, fables, fairy tales, novels, etc. Often classified as narrative teaching.
Classification of narrative: from the content and way of writing, it can be divided into two categories: simple narrative and complex narrative. From the perspective of different writing objects, it can be divided into four categories:
1, the writer's narrative;
2. Narrative narration;
3. Narrative writing of scenery (prose);
4. The object of narration.
Second, expository writing is an article genre with explanation as its main expression. Through the scientific explanation of physical things, it makes people have a scientific understanding of the shape, structure, nature, types, causes, functions and relationships of things or the concepts, characteristics, sources, evolution, similarities and differences of things, so as to obtain relevant knowledge. Explain that the text center is distinct and prominent, the article is scientific and organized, and the language is accurate and vivid.
Extended data
One of the biggest characteristics of the composition questions in English test is that there is a time limit, that is, the composition questions are completed according to the requirements of the questions in a limited time (generally 30 minutes are allocated). Many participants either didn't finish their composition questions, or the quality was poor when they submitted their papers. Of course, there are many reasons for this situation, but one reason that cannot be ignored is that the writing time is not enough to finish the composition, or that you have not carefully thought about writing an article that meets the requirements of the topic.
English composition questions generally require about 120 words, and paragraphs are generally three paragraphs, so there is a saying of "syllogism". The so-called "syllogism" means that the full text is divided into three natural paragraphs, and the general structure is "the first paragraph puts facts (phenomena) and puts forward opinions (arguments or questions). In this part, participants had better take the first point in the topic requirements (generally asking questions or opinions) as one of the contents of the first paragraph; The second paragraph analyzes phenomena and arguments, which is also the main part of the full text.
In this part, participants need to elaborate and expand all the main points in the examination requirements, and at the same time be careful not to write something irrelevant to the theme of the article, so as not to be regarded as digression; The third paragraph is the conclusion paragraph. The main task of this paragraph is to draw a conclusion for the whole article and make it appear complete and coherent. As for the beginning and the end, there are certain fixed routines to follow.