The discipline of plant protection is mainly developed from the specialty of plant diseases and insect pests. Before the degree system was restored, the disciplines of plant protection in some agricultural universities had included three majors: plant pathology, agricultural entomology and phytochemical protection. In 1983, the Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialities Awarded Doctoral and Master's Degrees by Universities and Scientific Research Institutions (Draft for Trial Implementation), these three specialties belong to the three two disciplines of the first-class disciplines of agronomy: plant pathology, entomology, pesticide science and agrochemistry. Insects also coexist in the biological level discipline. In 1990, the Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialities for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees and Training Postgraduates, the insect discipline was merged into a two disciplines in the first-class discipline of biology, while the pesticide discipline and the plant pathology discipline were still regarded as two two disciplines in the first-class discipline of agronomy. According to the principle of "science, standardization and broadening", combined with the development status of this discipline and its importance in agriculture, the new professional catalogue issued by 1997 lists the subject of plant protection as an agricultural first-class discipline, including three two disciplines, namely, plant pathology, agricultural pest control and pesticide science, thus forming a complete knowledge system with the occurrence and development law of crop diseases, pests, weeds and rodents as the main research content.
The general trend of the development of modern plant protection discipline is to develop in both micro and macro directions. At the same time, under the guidance of macro, micro-research is carried out, micro-data are analyzed and processed, and new theories and technologies of pest control are continuously developed. From a macro point of view, the monitoring and decision-making system of agricultural ecosystem diseases and insect pests is established by using the principles and methods of ecology and system engineering. Microscopically, based on the theory and technology of molecular biology and genetic engineering, the mutation mechanism of pests and diseases is analyzed to provide basis for decision-making. The development of plant protection discipline in 2 1 century will certainly provide theoretical knowledge and skills for the establishment of plant protection technology that is conducive to improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity, protecting biodiversity, controlling environmental pollution and saving energy. Through the effective regulation and control of agricultural ecosystem, the systematicness, comprehensiveness, scientificity and sustainability of crop biological disaster control are improved, which provides guarantee for agricultural sustainable development and ecological environment protection.
As one of the four first-class disciplines related to planting in agronomy, plant protection has obvious interdisciplinary characteristics. It is closely related to agricultural first-class disciplines such as crop science, horticulture and agricultural resource utilization. It is also closely related to most two disciplines in the field of biology, such as zoology, botany, plant physiology, microbiology, genetics, ecology, cell biology, subject chemistry, molecular biology and chemical engineering and technology in engineering. The discipline of plant protection belongs to the category of life science, which is interdependent with other disciplines and has a developing relationship. Its development not only makes active and reasonable use of the research results of life science, but also enriches and develops the contents of life science. In the discipline of plant protection, plant pathology and agricultural pest control study the interaction between pests and host plants and the occurrence and development of pests and diseases at population, cell and molecular levels respectively, and discuss the harm mechanism of pests and diseases and the resistance mechanism of host plants, so as to provide theoretical and technical basis for pest control. At present, the research on the interaction between pests and host plants has become a new field of plant protection, and a theoretical system based on recognition, signal transmission and defense gene expression has been formed. However, the two disciplines provide powerful weapons for pest control. On the basis of traditional chemical products, it pays more attention to absorbing the research results of the interaction between pests and host plants in the development of new products and the use of pesticides. Further development of new products with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue will play a greater role in pest control and green agriculture development. The discipline of plant protection will enter the 2 1 century with a brand-new look, focusing on discipline construction, aiming at the international advanced level, systematically and comprehensively studying the disaster law, disaster mechanism, prediction and early warning of important crop pests and the theory and technology of pest control, attaching importance to the application of modern high technology in basic research, and meeting the basic research requirements of the development of key technologies for sustainable control of crop pests. At the same time, we will continue to reform the teaching content and curriculum system, improve the quality of postgraduate training, make new contributions to China's agriculture to a new level, realize the sustainable control of pests and the sustainable development of agriculture, and cultivate highly educated, high-quality and high-level professionals.
00 1 Plant Pathology I. General situation of the discipline
Plant pathology is one of the two disciplines of plant protection. This subject mainly studies the causes of plant diseases, the relationship between pathogens and parasitism, the occurrence, development and epidemic law of diseases, and the theory and technology of disease control. The research results of plant pathology are helpful to improve the product quality of crops and play an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture. Although plant diseases have been recorded for more than 3000 years, plant pathology really developed into a discipline after the middle of19th century, and was born after it was determined that plant diseases were caused by protozoa. In the past 50 years, due to the update of research techniques and means and the cross-infiltration of related disciplines, plant pathology has been developing continuously. At present, it has developed from traditional plant pathology to modern plant pathology, and has successively produced plant etiology, plant disease epidemiology, plant pathophysiology, molecular plant pathology and disease control. With the development of life science, the relationship between plant pathology and adjacent disciplines is getting closer and closer. These disciplines include botany, microbiology, plant physiology and biochemistry, genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, crop cultivation, agricultural pest control, agrometeorology, advanced mathematics and so on. Plant pathology not only draws lessons from the research principles, methods and achievements of the above disciplines, but also enriches and develops the research contents of these disciplines. Second, the training content
1? Doctoral degree should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style; Wide knowledge and reasonable knowledge structure. Have a solid and extensive basic theory of plant pathology and profound professional knowledge, be familiar with the development trend of this discipline and the relevant research status and history at home and abroad, and fully grasp the modern plant pathology theory and research technology; To explore and master the relationship between host sandalwood and pathogen, the law of disease occurrence, development and epidemic, and the theory and technology of disease control at the level of population, individual, cell and molecule; Skilled in using advanced instruments and equipment such as computers; Master at least one foreign language, read the foreign language materials of this major skillfully, and have certain writing ability and the ability to conduct international academic exchanges; Have the ability to engage in scientific research independently, and be able to organize and undertake major scientific research projects; Competent in teaching, scientific research and technical management of plant pathology. Complete the doctoral thesis and get creative results.
2? Postgraduates should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style; Have a solid basic theory and professional knowledge and skills, and understand the research progress and development direction of plant pathology; To be proficient in a foreign language, be able to read the foreign language materials of this major; Master the etiology, symptom identification, occurrence, development and epidemic law of major crop diseases, as well as disease control strategies and measures; Be able to use advanced instruments such as computers to study and solve theoretical and practical problems related to this subject; Be able to engage in the teaching, technical management and development of this subject. I finished my master's degree thesis and achieved some creative results. Three. scope of business
1? Subject research scope: mycology and plant fungal diseases, plant pathogenic bacteriology and bacterial diseases, plant virology and virus diseases, plant pathogenic nematology and nematode diseases, eco-plant pathology and plant disease epidemiology, molecular plant pathology and plant disease physiology, toxicology and application of fungicides, biological control of plant diseases, plant disease resistance and susceptibility principles and plant immunology, plant quarantine, disease resistance breeding and comprehensive management of plant diseases.
2? course
The doctoral degree is designated by the tutor to study relevant monographs and documents by himself, and to write relevant course papers or summaries.
Fungology, plant etiology (including fungal biology, plant pathogenic bacteriology, plant virology and plant nematology, according to the research direction), plant pathology (including physiological plant pathology, molecular plant pathology, plant disease epidemiology, ecological plant pathology, plant molecular virology and plant immunology, according to the research direction), genetics or biochemistry (including microbial genetics, crop genetics, molecular genetics, population genetics, advanced biochemistry and so on) , according to the research direction), advanced plant pathology (or new progress in plant pathology research).
Mycology mainly teaches the theory and technology of biology, physiology, genetics and systematic classification of fungi; Plant etiology mainly teaches the morphological structure, classification and identification of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenicity and host disease resistance, the occurrence regularity of various diseases and control techniques; Plant pathology mainly teaches the interaction between host plants and pathogens, the pathogenic mechanism of pathogens, the disease resistance mechanism of host plants, and the laws and mechanisms of disease occurrence and epidemic from the aspects of population, individuals, cells and molecules. Genetics or biochemistry mainly teaches modern genetics and biochemistry theories and methods related to plant pathology; Advanced Plant Pathology is a special report, which mainly introduces the present situation and progress of plant pathology research in the world.
In addition, under the guidance of tutors, graduate students should also study related courses aimed at deepening the depth of knowledge in their research direction, expanding their knowledge and improving their practical application ability. Fourth, the main related disciplines
Agricultural pest control, agronomy, botany, microbiology, plant physiology, crop genetics and breeding, cell biology, molecular biology and computer application technology.
002 Prevention and Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases I. Overview of the Project
Agricultural insect and pest control is one of the two disciplines of plant protection. This subject mainly studies the occurrence and development law of agricultural insects and other harmful animals and their control theory and technology, which provides effective guarantee for improving crop yield and quality and sustainable development of agriculture. The research and control of agricultural pests has a long history. With the updating of research methods and means and the mutual penetration between disciplines, disciplines are developing in both micro and macro directions. Microscopically, the damage mechanism, mutation law and plant resistance mechanism of agricultural pests were discussed by using the theory and technology of molecular biology. Macroscopically, using the principles and methods of system engineering, the pest monitoring system of agricultural ecosystem was established. Agricultural pests and other harmful animals are diverse and widely distributed, and the relationship among pests, plants and their environment is extremely complicated. Therefore, this subject needs botany, plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, crop cultivation, ecology, plant pathology and agrometeorology in addition to some disciplines of entomology such as insect morphology, taxonomy, biology, physiology, ecology and toxicology. Second, the training objectives
1. Doctoral degree should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style, and master the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of this discipline; Familiar with the development status and trend of this discipline and the frontier of academic research at home and abroad; Master the identification, distribution, occurrence and development law of main agricultural pests, the theory and technology of pest prediction and effective control techniques and measures; Can skillfully apply advanced instruments and equipment such as computers, and creatively study and solve theoretical and practical problems related to this discipline; Master two foreign languages, one of which has good reading, listening, speaking and writing skills; Competent in the teaching and research work of agricultural colleges and research institutions, or the technical management work of agricultural departments; Complete the doctoral thesis and achieve creative results.
2. Postgraduates should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style; Master the solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge of this subject; Understand the development status, trends and research trends of this discipline at home and abroad; Master the development law of main crop diseases and insect pests and effective control techniques and measures; Can apply advanced instruments and equipment such as computers to study and solve theoretical and practical problems related to this discipline; Master a foreign language; Have the ability to engage in teaching, scientific research or independently undertake professional and technical work; I finished my master's degree thesis and achieved some creative results. Three. scope of business
1, subject research scope: insect physiology and biochemistry, insect ecology, insect (mite) taxonomy, insect pathology and biological control, insect behavior and chemical ecology, insect genetics and molecular biology, insect pharmacology, urban and storage entomology, resource entomology, agricultural insects (pupae) and integrated pest management, principle and application of crop insect resistance, and plant quarantine.
2. Curriculum setting
Under the guidance of the tutor, the doctoral degree arranges relevant monographs and documents, and writes relevant course papers or summaries.
Master degree in insect ecology. New progress in insect physiology, insect taxonomy, genetics or biochemistry, agricultural insects and pest control.
Insect ecology mainly teaches the theory and method of synergetics; Insect physiology mainly teaches the physiological functions, mechanisms and experimental techniques of insects. Insect taxonomy mainly teaches the principles and methods of insect classification, the identification characteristics of important orders and main families, the retrieval and application of reference books and documents; Genetics or biochemistry (including animal genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, population genetics, advanced biochemistry and research technology, molecular biology and research technology, etc.). ) mainly teaches the theories and methods of modern genetics and biochemistry; The New Progress of Research on Agricultural Pest Control is a special report, which mainly introduces the research status and development trend of agricultural pest control at home and abroad.
In addition, under the guidance of tutors, graduate students should also study related courses aimed at deepening the depth of knowledge in their research direction, expanding their knowledge and improving their practical application ability. Fourth, the main related disciplines
Plant pathology, agronomy, zoology, botany, plant physiology, animal physiology, crop genetics and breeding, ecology, molecular biology and computer application technology.
003 pesticide science
(Note: both agricultural and science degrees can be awarded) 1. An overview of disciplines.
Pesticide science is one of the two disciplines of plant protection. The main research contents of this subject include the creation and application technology of pesticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, rodenticides and plant growth regulators, as well as the related theories and technologies of pesticide action mechanism, pesticide residues and environmental toxicology. Agronomy provides a scientific basis for the research, production and application of pesticides, and pays more attention to absorbing the research results of the interaction between pests and host plants in the creation of new products and the application technology of pesticides. Under the guidance of sustainable development strategy, the research of pesticide science is developing in the direction of paying equal attention to pest control and environmental protection. With the progress of science and the development of society, pesticides have become important production resources in agricultural production and environmental engineering, and play an important role in social life and people's life. Pesticide science is closely related to many adjacent disciplines, and it needs basic theoretical knowledge of plant pathology, agricultural pest control, botany, microbiology, zoology, biochemistry, organic chemistry, molecular biology, crop cultivation, ecology, agrometeorology, marketing, instrumental analysis, chemical engineering and technology and other disciplines. Second, the training objectives
1. The doctoral degree should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style, and have a solid and systematic theoretical foundation, professional knowledge and skills in this discipline; Have a broad knowledge base of natural science and social science related to this subject; Familiar with the development status, direction and international academic research frontier of this discipline; Master the action mechanism of pesticides, the principle and method of developing and synthesizing new varieties of pesticides, the application technology of pesticides, the determination method of pesticide residues and the monitoring and control technology of drug resistance; Master two foreign languages, one of which has good reading, listening, speaking and writing skills; Skilled in using electronic computers and advanced instruments and equipment; Have the ability to conduct personnel scientific research independently, and be able to organize and undertake scientific research projects of great significance; Be competent in teaching, scientific research and academic management of this discipline; Complete the doctoral thesis and achieve creative results.
2. Postgraduates should have good professional ethics, rigorous scientific attitude and style, and a solid theoretical foundation, professional knowledge and skills in pesticide science and related disciplines; Understand the research status and development direction of this discipline, be familiar with the theory and technology of pesticide action mechanism, chemical synthesis of good drugs and new product development, and master the technology of pesticide residue determination and drug resistance monitoring and control; Master a foreign language and skillfully use electronic juice calculator and related advanced instruments and equipment; Have the ability to engage in teaching, scientific research or independently undertake professional and technical work in pesticide science; I finished my master's degree thesis and achieved some creative results. Three. scope of business
1, subject research scope: pesticide synthesis and analysis, pesticide residue and environmental toxicology, pesticide pharmacology, pesticide processing and application technology; Biological pesticides and bionic pesticides.
2. Curriculum setting
Under the guidance of the tutor, the doctoral degree can specify relevant monographs and documents, and write relevant course papers or summaries.
Master degree in agronomy, spectroscopy (including chromatography and spectroscopy), pesticide pharmacology, etc.
Pesticide science mainly teaches the basic knowledge of pesticides, pesticide synthesis, pesticide processing dosage forms and application technology; Chromatics teaches the working principle, instrument structure and operation skills of gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography; Spectroscopy mainly teaches the principles of ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic and mass harmonics, spectrum identification technology and structure identification technology of organic compounds; Pesticide pharmacology discusses the action mechanism, drug resistance principle and metabolic mode of pesticides in organisms from the biochemical point of view.
Under the guidance of the tutor, graduate students should also study related courses aimed at deepening the depth of knowledge in research direction, expanding their knowledge and improving their practical application ability. Fourth, the main related disciplines
Plant pathology, agricultural pest control, botany, zoology, microbiology, plant physiology, animal physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, organic chemical engineering, ecology, agricultural environmental protection, computer application technology, etc.