1 the proposition of the problem
Public health emergencies refer to the sudden occurrence of major infectious diseases, mass unexplained diseases, major food and occupational poisoning and other events that seriously affect public health [2]. Public health emergencies generally have three characteristics: suddenness, harmfulness and mass. Some scholars also put forward that public health emergencies also have the characteristics of persistence, contingency and controllability [3]. Public health emergencies will have an important impact on the mental health of the public and the parties concerned. Domestic scholars (Li Youdong et al. [4], 2008) found that public health emergencies have short-term and long-term effects on their mental health, and personal personality characteristics and psychological defense methods SARS also important factors affecting their mental health. In addition, research shows that public health emergencies will have an impact on public knowledge, psychology and behavior [5]. Colleges and universities are also one of the important research fields, and the main research contents focus on the analysis of the causes and characteristics of public health emergencies in colleges and universities [6] and the construction of prevention system [7]. It can be seen that the existing research focuses on macro-level analysis and lacks micro-level discussion, and the research on prevention and counseling of college students' specific psychological problems is insufficient.
By analyzing the psychological state of college students under the background of public health emergencies, this study focuses on the cognitive process, emotional process and will process of college students, and puts forward corresponding counseling strategies for possible psychological and behavioral problems in order to build a healthy and positive campus cultural environment.
2. Analysis of psychological state of college students under public health emergencies [8]
2. 1 cognitive process
Cognitive process, also known as cognitive process, refers to the individual's cognitive process of objective things. This study refers to the process of college students' handling of public health emergencies or information related to influenza A1N/KLOC-0. A good cognitive process should be a correct, objective and rational understanding of information, and then show a stable and rational mentality. Then, the bad cognitive process is often manifested in three aspects: First, absolute understanding. Second, too general understanding. This kind of understanding only sees one or several aspects of the problem and begins to draw conclusions. Thirdly, college students may have a very bad understanding that the high population concentration and infection rate of H 1N 1 in colleges and universities will be a devastating disaster once it spreads, and then they will fall into extremely negative emotions. In addition, there may be a phenomenon of exhausted thinking among college students, that is, one thing keeps imagining possible results and can't extricate itself, which is similar to forced thinking.
2.2 Emotional process
When dealing with information input from the outside world, people can not only know the attributes, characteristics and relationships of things, but also have an attitude towards things, causing subjective experiences such as satisfaction, dissatisfaction, love, disgust and hatred, which is emotion or emotion [9]. People will have different emotions when facing different things, both positive and negative. The individual's good emotional process, despite ups and downs, can be adjusted to be stable and tend to be rational. However, bad emotions are characterized by ups and downs and continuous ups and downs. The common adverse emotional reactions of college students are as follows: ① hypochondriasis: paying too much attention to one's physical condition and actively comparing with flu symptoms. ② Anxiety: manifested as inner anxiety, nervous expression and excessive worry about the possible development trend of influenza. ③ Panic: It is understandable that normal people will have an emotional reaction of fear in the face of dangerous situations, accompanied by symptoms of autonomic nerve dysfunction. However, some people are too nervous about certain things or scenes and will avoid and give in, but they will recover after leaving the scene, so they belong to the fear of disease. For example, I am afraid when I see a crowded place, and then I dare not go to the canteen, playground and other places. Depression: manifested as depression, lack of pleasure, loss of interest in everything around, and feeling that nothing is meaningful. They think that life is fragile and unable to resist the impact of swine flu, so they give up studying and taking part in activities, and their speech and behavior are obviously reduced, but they are addicted to thinking.
2.3 Will behavior process
The process of will generally refers to the psychological process of regulating behavior in order to achieve predetermined goals. In other words, the process of will is reflected by behavior, and behavior reflects the process of will. At the same time, behavior is also the expression of the whole psychological process of individuals. The behavioral problems of college students under this background may be manifested in the following aspects: ① compulsive behavior: due to the influence of bad cognition, individuals do the same things repeatedly, such as washing their hands repeatedly, knowing that such behavior is not desirable, but they can't control themselves. Avoidance behavior: individuals may not want to go to crowded places. Once they enter a crowded place, they will unconsciously feel anxious and nervous, accompanied by symptoms of autonomic nervous disorder, such as chest tightness and sweating. ③ Aggressive behavior: In developmental psychology, college students are divided into the early adulthood of individual development, and their typical psychological manifestations are "inner contradictions, uncertain ambition level and easy to take extreme positions. There is a theory that when individuals are frustrated or depressed, they are more prone to violent behavior. Therefore, under the background of public health emergencies, college students are more likely to take extreme violence as an outlet because of pressure and tension. (4) Rumor: Some scholars believe that once the environmental changes are critical after an emergency, it will cause a sense of crisis among members of society. The limitations and mistakes of cognition, subjective assumptions and speculations about the vague prospect of unexpected events, and absurd associations and fabrications of events will produce rumors once they conform to people's speculations. There are psychological reasons for the spread of rumors. On the one hand, it is to relieve stress as a way of psychological catharsis. On the other hand, in order to realize self-worth, rumor spread has become a way to improve attention and recognition.
3 coping strategies
3. 1 Establish a correct understanding and change bad cognition.
Cognitive therapy emphasizes changing thinking and behavior to change bad cognition, and then eliminate bad emotions and behaviors. In view of bad cognition, we should first make college students understand that the reason of cognitive and behavioral obstacles is that a stimulating event acts on individuals, and unreasonable beliefs of individuals lead to negative emotions and problem behaviors. Therefore, changing unreasonable beliefs is the key to solving the problem. How to eliminate unreasonable beliefs? College students have strict thinking organization ability, and can check themselves and reflect on themselves through introspection. Through self-debate, constantly argue with existing unreasonable beliefs, put facts and reason. One of the core characteristics of bad cognition is self-centeredness, so it is necessary to adopt a decentralized approach to eliminate their erroneous view that they are the focus of attention of others and the center of events. In addition, there is another way to deal with it, that is, to list the possible favorable and unfavorable consequences of each cognitive style by means of comparative analysis, register them on paper for comparison, find problems through comparison, and then achieve the purpose of abandoning bad cognitive styles.
3.2 Cultivate positive emotions and overcome negative emotions.
The university period is a critical period when individual outlook on life and values gradually mature. This is of great significance to cultivate college students with noble morality, rational thinking and elegant aesthetics. Generally speaking, emotion is an individual's emotional experience, which has relatively lasting and profound social significance, while emotion is situational and temporary. Stable emotions are formed on the basis of temporary emotions and expressed through emotions at the same time; Emotion contains emotional components and also reflects the depth of emotion. Overcoming the influence of negative emotions plays an important role in establishing college students' good mentality and cultivating positive emotions. First of all, timely and scientific information release, correct information receiving channels, correct understanding of the occurrence, transmission channels and prevention and control measures of emergencies, and elimination of hypochondriacs and panic; Secondly, relax and relieve anxiety. Maintain an optimistic and positive attitude towards scientific and advanced medical care and social assistance, and realize that your anxiety experience is affected by wrong cognition. Rationalization, simplification and appropriate emotional catharsis have a positive effect on reducing anxiety level; Finally, improve interest in activities and relieve depression. Some scholars have pointed out that reading useful books, actively doing physical exercise, participating in recreational activities and watching funny performances can alleviate this disease. The goal of counseling is to improve college students' interest in activities, encourage them to participate in activities, relax their body and mind, and avoid falling into a person's paranoia, thus alleviating their depression.
3.3 Shaping good behaviors and eliminating problem behaviors
Psychological state is often expressed by explicit behavior, and abnormal behavior reflects the instability of psychological state. Public health emergencies affect the psychological state of college students, cause cognitive errors and emotional instability, and then lead to the emergence of problem behaviors, thus affecting the normal development of college students' study, life and campus. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to mold college students' good conduct and eliminate problem behaviors. Specifically, we can set up targeted group counseling from the following aspects. Group counseling or training should have a clear theme, such as improving interpersonal skills, overcoming cowardice and eliminating psychological pressure. Through games and interactions, college students with the same training goals can get together, eliminate bad behaviors and improve their own abilities. Rumors stop at the wise, so creating a healthy public opinion environment and improving one's judgment ability are the prerequisites for eliminating rumors; Rumors stop in the open, and use news media and propaganda agencies to release scientific and reasonable information in time to improve college students' cognitive ability. Eliminate the bad behavior of college students through various ways, and create a healthy mentality and a civilized campus environment.
A complete individual is the unity of knowledge, emotion, will and action. Therefore, when analyzing the psychological state of college students and implementing counseling strategies, we should look at the problems comprehensively and pay attention to the synthesis of methods in order to achieve effective solutions. In a word, studying the psychological state of college students in public health emergencies is helpful to enrich the psychological theory research in the psychological fields such as social psychology and health psychology under the specific background of specific groups, and targeted psychological counseling strategies are helpful to realize the psychological theory to guide social practice, which has profound practical significance. However, in the study of this problem, the empirical study of college students' psychological state, the study of the differences between the parties and the public in health emergencies, the psychological counseling and care of teachers and managers in colleges and universities, the prevention and control of public health emergencies and the establishment and improvement of psychological counseling mechanism are still our shortcomings and the direction of follow-up research.
refer to
[1] Information Office of the Ministry of Health. In 2009, the Ministry of Health issued a H 1N 1 influenza information bulletin.
[2] Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Emergency regulations on public health emergencies. Beijing, 2003
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